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“报告”使用范围很广，按照上级部署或工作计划，每完成一项任务，一般都要向上级写报告，反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等，以取得上级领导部门的指导。报告书写有哪些要求呢？我们怎样才能写好一篇报告呢？下面是小编带来的优秀报告范文，希望大家能够喜欢!
翻译类论文开题报告 翻译类论文开题报告文献综述篇一
a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation
b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis
c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation
1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english
ii. literature review
long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, ^v^in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator.^v^(ye lang, 2008) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, 2000) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, 2000). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.
i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.
2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure
ii. the principles of ellipsis
a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works
b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test
c. omitted words which are self-evident
ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis
a. the coherence of the meaning of expression
b. the coincidence of the manner of expression
1. ellipsis of articles
a. ellipsis of definite articles
b. ellipsis of indefinite articles
2. ellipsis of prepositions
3. ellipsis of pronouns
a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns
b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns
c. ellipsis of relative pronouns
4. ellipsis of conjunctions
a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions
b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions
5. ellipsis of rhetoric
a. ellipsis of repeated words
b. ellipsis of synonyms
翻译类论文开题报告 翻译类论文开题报告文献综述篇二
根据本学期的教学计划和我校20xx级本科生毕业论文(设计)工作的实施要求，为了切实做好毕业论文设计工作，本教研室于20xx年11月13日-至11月15日，在一教410办公室，由四位指导教师对本小组20xx级本科生毕业论文(设计)进行了论文的开题工作。20人名本科生平均每人用时20分钟，其中学生自述12分钟，指导教师提问8分钟。主要对毕业论文工作的研究目的与意义、工作安排与计划、指导教师意见与建议等几个部分进行探讨。本届毕业生的论文课题选题新颖、贴近当前食品科学专业正在推进的食品营养与安全性研究的.热潮，符合本科生学位论文的研究难度和工作量，有很高的研究价值和实际作用。
其中有10位同学的论文题目需要与导师讨论后进行修改；有3位同学讲时过于紧张，没有明确表达论文设计目的及意义；有2位同学准备不够认真，完全按照准备稿朗读，还有些内容不够熟悉，有明显错误，需要在答辩时改进汇报技巧及能力。
其中存在的普遍问题及解决方法：
1、学生对重要文献读得不细致，对实验目的和试验方法没有明确，需要更多地阅读参考文献并与指导教师进行讨论。
2、工作安排与进度普遍是前松后紧，一旦学生在后期忙于研究生考试、找工作、参加面试等，就难以按计划完成相应实验和综述内容。需要指导教师根据学生的个人情况和实际条件进行工作计划的调整，以期更合时的完成每个阶段的工作内容及计划，也能更好地安排好学生的毕业前夕的学习与生活。
通过本此小组会议，使全体小组毕业生进一步理清了研究思路，明确了研究的内容，为今后毕业论文设计研究工作的正常开展指明了方向。
翻译类论文开题报告 翻译类论文开题报告文献综述篇三
开题报告的内容
下面是详细的看人家如何叙述什么是开题报告以及怎么写：
1．什么是开题报告？
开题报告是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料。这是一种新的应用文体，这种文字体裁是随着现代科学研究活动计划性的增强和科研选题程序化管理的需 要应运而生的。开题报告一般为表格式，它把要报告的每一项内容转换成相应的栏目，这样做，既便于开题报告按目填写，避免遗漏；又便于评审者一目了然，把握 要点。
2．撰写开题报告有什么意义？
撰写开题报告，作为多层次科研工作的第一个写作环节，非常重要，这是因为：
通过它，开题者可以把自己对课题的认识理解程度和准备工作情况加以整理、概括，以便使具体的研究目标、步骤、方法、措施、进度、条件等得到更明确的表达；
通过它，开题者可以为评审者提供一种较为确定的开题依据。“言而无文，其行不远”，以书面开题报告取代昔日广为运用的口头开题报告形式，无疑要切实可靠得多；
如果开题一旦被批准，课题得以正式确立，则还可以通过它，对立题后的研究工作发生直接的影响：或者作为课题研究工作展开时的一种暂时性指导；或者作为课题修正时的重要依据等。
总之，科研开题报告是选题阶段的主要文字表现，它实际上成了连接选题过程中备题、开题、审题及立题这四大环节的强有力的纽带。
