每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文,仅供参考,一起来看看吧
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇一
1、理解课文内容,学习苏联卫国战争中少年儿童的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。
2、体会课文首尾呼应饿写法。
3、学习生字新词。会用“宛转”、“兴致勃勃”造句。
4、有感情地朗读课文。
1、了解被称为“夜莺”的孩子是怎样帮助游击队歼灭一伙德国法西斯强盗的。
2、了解开头三个自然段和最后两个自然段之间相互照应的关系。
夜莺的歌声
起因:引敌发现
主动接近
巧答盘问
取得信任
经过:诱敌进伏击圈
机智勇敢的
巧妙报告敌情
爱国主义精神
结果:全歼敌人
夜莺又叫
第一教时
教学要求:
1、初步了解课文。
2、学会生字新词。
3、学习课文第一部分。
1、学生自学
2、检查自学情况。
1、在这一段中你了解了什么?
2、怎样理解课文中的几句话:
(1)“有个孩子坐在河岸边上,搭拉着两条腿。他光着头,穿着一件颜色和树叶差不多的绿上衣,手里拿着一块木头,不知在削什么。”(这个孩子是夜莺,他这样做的目的就是要有意地吸引敌人)
(2)“怎么会就剩下我一个?这里有麻雀、乌鸦、猫头鹰,多着呢。夜莺倒只有我一个!”(在敌人不易察觉中戏弄敌人,体现出他的聪明。)
(3)“人哪?战争一开始这里就没有人了。大家都喊:‘野兽来了,野兽来了’--就都跑了。”(体现出他的机智勇敢,镇静。让敌人觉得他只不过是个不懂事的孩子,相信他,让他带路。)
3、小夜莺给你留下了什么印象,你有什么感受?(勇敢机智聪明活泼能干自信)
4、小结。
第二教时
教学要求:
1、继续学习课文,学习小夜莺的品质及爱国的精神
2、学习课文的写作特点。
1、自学课文,思考:
(1)一路上小孩为什么有时学夜莺叫,有时学杜鹃叫?(为了麻痹德国兵,以便后来他用鸟叫同游击队联络是不引起敌人的怀疑。)
(2)为什么夜莺“有时胳膊一甩一甩地打着路旁的树枝,有时弯下腰去拾球果,还用脚把球果踢起来”?(为了麻痹德国兵,让他们觉得夜莺还是个孩子,顽皮又贪玩)
(3)夜莺回答德国军官的突然问话,表现了他的什么?(机智,灵活)
2、交流,朗读。
3、小结。
1、学习这一段,想一想这一段主要讲了什么?从中能了解到夜莺的什么?(主要讲了游击队是怎样从夜莺那里了解到德国军情况的。从中了解到夜莺与游击队配合的默契,游击队与夜莺之间的关系十分亲密。)
2、读一读表现夜莺机智的句子和游击队的对话,加深理解。
3、小结。
1、“从松树林里发出一声口哨响”这句话告诉我们什么?(游击队发给夜莺的暗号,让他迅速隐蔽)
2、游击队是怎样消灭德国兵的?请找出有关句子读一读,想一想游击队为什么会全歼敌人。
3、德国兵被消灭后,小夜莺为什么又坐在原来的河岸边?他在望什么?
4、课文为什么写孩子穿的衣服是跟树叶差不多的绿颜色呢?(当孩子把敌人带进伏击圈,接到游击队发出的暗号时便于迅速隐蔽。)
5、小结。
1、课文紧扣题目,请把出现“夜莺”的地方划出来。
2、“夜莺的歌声”的含义:
一是小孩叫夜莺,他把敌人带进游击队的埋伏圈,让游击队消灭敌人,夜莺的歌声是胜利的歌声;
二是小孩用夜莺的叫声报告敌人的情况,夜莺的歌声是传递情报的声音;
三是小孩是个爱祖国、恨敌人,机智勇敢的小孩,夜莺的歌声是热爱祖国,勇敢地和敌人斗争的颂歌。
3、通过一件什么事反映什么?(通过对苏联卫国战争时期,一个小男孩帮助游击队歼灭一伙德国侵略者经过的记叙,反映了苏联少年的机智勇敢的伟大的爱国主义精神。)
4、课文的开头和结尾有什么联系?(互相呼应)
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二
����
����1������������ý£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
����2����������î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£
����4���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
����1���ë½â±»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����2���ë½â¿ªí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����
����
����
����ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ó½ï¿½
�����é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������õµð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦
���������â¸òµï¿½
������������
�����������徫��
���������è«ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ò¹ýºï¿½ö½ï¿½
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±
������ñ§òªï¿½ï¿½
����1�������ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ê¡ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����
����
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§
����2�������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����
����1������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����2��������������ðµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½
������1�����ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½î²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¾í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½
������2������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½×²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·åªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3�������ä£ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½--�í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½ò¾²¡ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµäºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò»ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½
����4��ð¡ï¿½á¡£
����
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±
������ñ§òªï¿½ï¿½
����1������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£
����
����1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1��ò»â·ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä»ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2��îªê²ã´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ì²²ò»ë¦ò»ë¦ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½å°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½æ£©
������3��ò¹ýºï¿½ø´ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½í»è»ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£©
����2���������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ð¡ï¿½á¡£
����
����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½âµ½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½âµ½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½âµ½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¾ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½óµä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����3��ð¡ï¿½á¡£
����
����1�������������﷢��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡±ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½
����2���î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����3���â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºîªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô���äºó°ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����4������îªê²ã´ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½î²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ñµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5��ð¡ï¿½á¡£
����
����1�����ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ³ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å£º
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµøºíµï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸è¡£
����3��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â·ï¿½ó³ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬·ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ñ¡££ï¿½
����4�����äµä¿ï¿½í·ï¿½í½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
����
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇三
这是一篇讲读课文,讲的是苏联卫国战争时期,一个男孩帮助游击队歼灭一伙德国法西斯强盗的故事,课文以空行为标志,分为五 个部分。以“夜莺的歌声”为一条主线贯穿全文,首尾连贯,前后照应。
1.理解课文内容,学习苏联卫国战争中少年儿童的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。
2.体会课文首尾照应的写法。
3.有感情朗读课文。
1.了解被称为“夜莺”的男孩是怎样帮助游击队歼灭一伙德国法西斯强盗的。
2.了解课文开头与结尾相互照应的关系。
通过体会重点语句,感受战争给人们带来的灾难。
2课时
第一课时
课前放斯大林格勒录像。创设情境,感染学生。
一.引课,板书课题,了解背景
教师引入新课,生简介搜集到的背景资料。
二.感知整体,理清顺序
(一)1读,矫音①自由读文,注意字词读音,有叫不准的查字典或问同桌解决了。②出示词卡,检查字词读音掌握情况。
(二)2读,正确、流利:指名读文,师生共同纠正错误读音。
(三)3读,理解内容,理清顺序。
轻声读文,思考:①夜莺的歌声在课文中指的是什么?
②这篇课文讲了一件什么事?是按照什么顺序记叙的?
(四)4读,质疑问难:①小组讨论解决疑难问题。
②小组提出解决不了的问题,师生共同解决,重点问题师记在黑板上。
第二课时
一、引题:①回忆课文主要讲了一个什么故事?②扫读课文,思考:画出课文中描写夜莺歌声的句子,想想夜莺的歌声有什么作用?可以同桌交流。
二、读文品文,更深入理解课文内容,体会文章思想。
要求细读课文,细品词、句、段(幻灯出示)
读文品文:
课文中哪些地方最吸引你?(词、句、段……)找出来用笔画一画,并反复地读一读,然后选择你喜欢的学习方式细细地体会体会。
三、汇报学习成果
引导学生细品文章的重点句子或段落,并指导朗读。
(一)人物对话:
1、“你说的是一种蘑菇吗?没有,我们这里没有这种蘑菇。这里只有红蘑菇、白蘑菇,还有洋蘑菇。”孩子回答。
2、“人哪?战争一开始这里就没有人了。”小孩不慌不忙地回答,“刚刚一开火,村子就着火了,大家都喊:“野兽来了,野兽来了”就都跑了。”
引出第一自然段:①指名读,引导学生想象这段所描绘的景象。(出示图)②想象村庄原来是什么样的。(出示图)③通过对比想象使学生深刻认识到侵略者的罪恶,战争的残酷。
3、指导分角色朗读小男孩和德国军官说的话,进一步体会小男孩憎恨侵略者,热爱祖国的思想感情。
(二)继续品文。进一步体会“夜莺的歌声”的作用和文章首尾照应的写作特点,从而深刻认识到小男孩的那种机智、勇敢和爱国主义精神。
四、师生共同探讨:课文为什么以“夜莺的歌声”为题?
五、学生畅谈学后体会
板书设计
机智 吸引 前
勇敢 夜莺的歌声 麻痹 后
爱国 (小男孩) 报信 照
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇四
��������ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ �����ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¹á´©è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1������������ý£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
����2����������î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
����1���ë½â±»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����2���ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½
����2��ê±
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±
������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ñ¡£´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ë½â±³ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½1�������������é¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ð²ï¿½×¼ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������2������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������3�����������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ä£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
��������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½4�����������ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ù»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������æ·ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡£
����òªï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¸æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ãµæ³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
��������æ·ï¿½ä£ï¿½
������������ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ê»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¸ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
���������㱨ñ§ï°ï¿½é¹ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¸æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ðºï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ø´ï¿½
����2�������ä£ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ã¦ï¿½ø»ø´ð£¬¡ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡££ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¯ô����ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ð¿á¡£
����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½íµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
��������������æ·ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ì½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½â£¿
�����塢ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������
�������� ���� ç°
�����â¸ï¿½ ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ��
�������� ��ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���� ��
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇五
1、理解课文内容,认识小男孩机智勇敢的品质和热爱祖国的思想品质。
2、巩固“前后照应,首尾连贯”的训练要点。
3、了解课题与中心、内容的关系。
1941年6月,德国法西斯在已经占领了欧洲许多国家之后,突然进攻苏联。苏联人民开始了卫国战争。在奋起保卫祖国的战斗中,苏联的敌后游击队非常活跃,积极配合红军奋勇作战,涌现了许多可歌可泣的动人故事。本文记述的就是这无数事例中的生动一例。
1、板书课题,齐读。
2、请问:课文中真的是指夜莺鸟的叫声吗?
“夜莺”指的是谁?(小男孩)
“夜莺的歌声”什么意思?(小男孩模仿夜莺的叫声,给游击队传送情报。)
1、快速默读课文,边读边找出课文中写到夜莺歌声的句子。
2、出示句子:
读句子,思考夜莺的歌声有什么作用?
1、初读:
⑴ 读“夜莺的歌声打破了夏日的沉寂。”歌声有什么作用?
⑵ 从哪儿可看出小男孩是有意让敌人发现的呢?读第2、3自然段。
⑶ 指名分角色读军官和孩子的对话,思考:小夜莺是个怎样的孩子?从哪儿体会到的?
理解“刚刚一开火,……就都跑了。”“野兽”实际指什么?
⑷ 再分角色齐读对话。
2、过渡:由于孩子巧妙的回答了德国兵的盘问,德国兵觉得他只不过是个不懂事的孩子,相信了他的话,并且让他带路。路上,小男孩又唱起了夜莺的歌。
⑴ 指名读句子“他有时候学……”,此时,他学夜莺唱是为了什么?(为了麻痹敌人,以便他后来用鸟叫向游击队传送情报时不引起敌人的怀疑。)
⑵ 他还用了哪些办法麻痹敌人?小组读第二部分。(一甩一甩……答非所问……故意装做不懂事、天真贪玩,其目的是为了迷惑敌人,取得敌人的信任。)
⑶ 齐读第二部分。
3、夜莺是怎样向游击队传递情报的呢?
⑴ 小声自由地读课文第三部分,边读边思考,用自己的话来回答。
⑵ 读“夜莺的歌声越来越响了。”歌声的作用是什么?(传递情报)
⑶ 从“如果我们……不要忘了……”这句话中,你能体会到什么?(说明小夜莺的重要作用,他不止一次用这种方式同游击队联系,还说明游击队对他安全的关心。)
⑷ 分角色齐读课文,体会歌声的作用。
⑸ 孩子的举动,以及巧妙地对付德国军官的问话,都体现了小男孩的机智勇敢。孩子面对凶恶的敌人,难道他不害怕吗?为什么小男孩能如此沉着、机智、勇敢呢?用上以下词语,说一段话来回答这个问题。
憎恨 临危不惧 热爱 应变自如 祖国 敌人 毫无惧色 坦然自若
4、再读:
⑴ 指名读最后两部分。
⑵ 德国兵被消灭后,小孩为什么又坐在原来的地方,他在望什么?
(执行新的任务)
⑶ 齐读“从孩子的嘴里……”,这歌声有什么作用?与哪里相照应?读。
1、找出文中其他相照应的地方。
2、文章为什么以“夜莺的歌声”为题?
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇六
����
����1������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½æ·ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����2�����ì¡ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡±ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ã¡£
����3���ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����
����
����1941��6�â£ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½í»è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµðºï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��������⣬�����
����2�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
������ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë?(ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½)
������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼?(ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½)
����
����1������ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����2����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
���������ó£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
����
����1��������
������ ����ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
������ ���ä¶ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����2��3��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
������ ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùºíºï¿½ï¿½óµä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?���ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½?
�������⡰�õ¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½þ¡ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ö¸ê²ã´?
������ �ù·ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ëµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµäºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸è¡£
������ ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?(îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä»ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½)
������ ����������ð©ï¿½ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½(ò»ë¦ò»ë¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½è¡ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½)
������ ����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����3��ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
������ ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½
������ ����ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?(�����鱨)
������ �ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ê²ã´?(ëµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½í¬ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½)
������ �ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
������ ���óµä¾ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ô¸ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?îªê²ã´ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?�������â´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ëµò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�������� ��î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �è°ï¿½ ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ���� ���þ¾ï¿½é« ì¹è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4���ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
������ �â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?
����(ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
������ ������óºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����������ó¦?����
����
����1���ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������îªê²ã´ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½?
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇七
课题名称
《夜莺的歌声》
科目
语文
年级
四年级
教学时间
两课时(80分钟)
四年级的学生大多在十岁左右,正处在爱动脑、爱提问的阶段,他们对事物有一定的认知能力和辨别是非的能力,在以往学习的基础上,能够通过人物的言行去感悟人物的内心活动。对于自己不了解的事物,有强烈的好奇心,因此,也就能挖掘出人物潜意识的行为。
1、认识“屑、拧”等8个生字,会写“削、喂”等14个生字;能正确读写“沉寂、盘问、口哨”等词语。
2、理解课文中含义深刻句子的意思。
3、理解课文内容,体会苏联卫国战争中小夜莺的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。
4、体会作为文章线索的“夜莺的歌声”在文中的作用。
5、了解课文“前后照应,首尾连贯”的关系。
6、有感情地朗读课文。
1、理解含义深刻的句子,体会小夜莺的机智勇敢。
2、通过人物的言行,感受人物的内心的活动,挖掘人物潜在的精神品质。
教学资源
1、有关前苏联卫国战争的电影剪辑资料、夜莺图flash课件;
2、教师自制的多媒体课件;
3、投影仪、视频展台和大屏幕;
4、上课环境为多媒体教室。
教学活动1
一、影片导入,简介时代背景,引入新课。
1、出示前苏联卫国战争的电影剪辑资料(多媒体课件演示)
2、简介时代背景,导入新课:
3、揭题、审题:(1)齐读课题。(2)思考:课文中真的是指夜莺鸟的叫声吗?“夜莺”指的是谁?“夜莺的歌声”什么意思?(3)谁了解夜莺和杜鹃这两种鸟?(师出示夜莺图flash课件)
教学活动2
二、检查预习,学习生字新词。
1、提问检查。通过预习,你认识课文中的生字新词吗?
2、出示小黑板,学习生字。
(1)让学生齐读一遍生字;
(2)学生举手自读;
(3)教师指导“屑、拧”等8个生字的读音;“沉寂、盘问、口哨”等词语。
教学活动3
三、整体感知课文内容。
1、请同学们快速默读课文,边读边标出自然段,并用自己喜欢的符号画出课文中写到夜莺歌声的句子。
2、有几处?(2自然段、20自然段、29自然段、34自然段和37自然段)(学生举手回答)
3、师小结:下面就让我们细细地走进这五次夜莺的歌声,看看每一次歌声结束后夜莺的表现又是怎样的?
教学活动4
四、学习夜莺的五次歌声,理解课文内容。
(一)第一次夜莺的歌声。
1、读“夜莺的歌声打破了夏日的沉寂。”歌声有什么作用?
2、每一次歌声结束后夜莺的表现又是怎样的?
(1)自由读4——19段思考:小夜莺是个怎样的孩子?从哪儿体会到的?
(2)让生交流(镇定、机智、勇敢、爱祖国等)
(3)师随机出示相关语段理解。
a出示课件:
“怎么会就剩下我一个?这里有麻雀、乌鸦、猫头鹰、多着呢。夜莺倒是只有我一个!”
(1)夜莺是用什么句式回答德国军官的?
(2)理解“一语双关”。
(3)夜莺知道德国军官的真实意思吗?为什么这样答?
b出示课件:
“人呢?战争一开始这里就没有人了。”小孩不慌不忙地回答,“刚刚一开火,村子就着火了,大家都喊:‘野兽来了,野兽来了’——就都跑了。”
(1)野兽指谁?
(2)为什么要把敌人比作野兽?
(3)师生分角色读12——15自然段。
(二)学习第二次夜莺的歌声。
1、出示课件:小孩有时候学夜莺唱,有时候学杜鹃叫,胳膊一甩一甩地打着路旁的树枝,有时候弯下腰去拾球果,还用脚把球果踢起来。
(1)“小夜莺有时候学夜莺唱,有时候学杜鹃叫”此时是为了什么?
(2)他还用了哪些办法麻痹敌人?看课文的20——24自然段。
板书“诱敌上钩”
2、训练课文中军官和夜莺的对话。
(三)第三次和四次夜莺的歌声都在课文的第二部分,他们又有什么作用呢?
1、小声自由地读课文第二部分,边读边思考每次歌声的作用是什么?。
2、读29自然段第三次“夜莺的歌声越来越响了。”歌声的作用是什么?(板书:巧送情报)
3、课件出示两个游击队员的对话。
生自由读——怎样读——齐读
4、夜莺是怎样向游击队传递情报的呢?情报的内容是什么?
5、看第四次歌声(34自然段)让学生思考:既然那歌声已经没有什么新鲜的意思了,为什么夜莺还是兴致勃勃地唱着?
(四)痛歼敌人
1、由于小夜莺成功地把敌人带进了埋伏圈,游击队员才进行一场痛快淋漓的战斗,一起读一读游击队员歼灭敌军的痛快场面?
齐读——谁能用几个成语来描述一下这痛快的场面?
2、课文第三部分写什么?(板书:痛歼敌人)
(五)学习夜莺的第五次歌声
1、齐读最后一部分。
2、“从孩子的嘴里……”,这歌声有什么作用?(板书:重迎战斗)
3、课文的最后两个自然段和开头的三个自然段是什么关系?
4、师小结。
教学活动5
五、巩固总结,体会“夜莺的歌声”的含义。
1、文章为什么以“夜莺的歌声”为题?
2、小夜莺给你留下了怎样的印象?或者你喜欢、佩服小夜莺什么?
3、总结全文。
教学活动6
六、课后延伸,知识拓展。
这么机智勇敢的小夜莺在一次战斗中也不幸牺牲了!多可爱的小男孩、多了不起的小英雄呀!在我国的抗日战争中,也有很多和小夜莺一样的小英雄,请你选择其中一个最熟悉的小英雄,看看有关他的英勇事迹的书或电影,并向同学推荐和介绍。
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇八
������������
������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ä¿
��������
�����꼶
�������꼶
������ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê±ï¿½ï¿½80���ó£ï¿½
�������꼶��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä½×¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½òµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½14�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����2����������ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����3������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
����4�������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����5���ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡±ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����6���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����1�����⺬����ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½
����2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½úµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô´
����1���ð¹ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ò¹ýºí¼flash�î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��í¶ó°ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµõ¹ì¨ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½
����4���ï¿î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½î¶¯1
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ó°æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½
����1����ê¾ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�����â¿î£ï¿½
����3�����⡢���⣺(1)������⡣(2)ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë����ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½(3)ë�ë½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½í¶å¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¿£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò¹ýºí¼flash�î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½î¶¯2
�����������ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ê¡ï¿½
����1�����ê¼ï¿½é¡£í¨ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ê¾ð¡ï¿½ú°å£¬ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
������1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����(2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3����ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8�����öµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
������ñ§ï¿½î¶¯3
�������������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
����1����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����2���ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½20��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½29��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½34��è»ï¿½îºï¿½37��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ø´ï¿½
����3��ê¦ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½î¶¯4
�����ä¡ï¿½ñ§ï°ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½
����2��ã¿ò»ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
������1�����é¶ï¿½4����19��ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
������2�������������ò¶¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½
������3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����a��ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½?��������è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1��ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ø´ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµä£ï¿½
������2�����⡰ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3��ò¹ýºöªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����b��ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ø£ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ã¦ï¿½ø»ø´ð£¬¡ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1��ò°ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ë��
������2��îªê²ã´òªï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½þ£ï¿½
������3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½12����15��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����������ñ§ï°ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ì²²ò»ë¦ò»ë¦ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½å°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1����ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������2������������ð©ï¿½ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½20����24��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
�������顰�õµï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ùºï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������������îºï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½äµäµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����1��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����29��è»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½
����3���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����5�������ä´î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½34��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£ï¿½îªê²ã´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½í´ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1������ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ø°ñµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ì³¡ï¿½æ£¿
�����������ë���ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½æ£¿
����2�����äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºí´ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½
�������壩ñ§ï°ò¹ýºï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����2�����óºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½óõ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îºí¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����4��ê¦ð¡ï¿½á¡£
������ñ§ï¿½î¶¯5
�����塢�����ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å¡£
����1������îªê²ã´ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½â£¿
����2��ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó£¿»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ü½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½î¶¯6
���������îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇九
����
����������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£
���������ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½æ·ï¿½êºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
����������������ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
���������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
��������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
��������ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾é¡¢ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä£¬ï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������òµï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ãµæ¡ï¿½
����
����
����
����õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ç²ð¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß°ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñªï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼æµø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
��������������⣺
���������ë½â¡°ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë��ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½
��������������
����������ê¦ð¡ï¿½á£º
������ì¬ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ß¿õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è³ªï¿½ï¿½
��������������⣬���ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
�����������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¼òµ¥µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©ï¿½ï¿½
����
������������õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¶ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½í»è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½×µäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµðºï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������������î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±×¢ï¿½â±¾ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê¡ï¿½
����������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½öµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ xi�������� xu������í¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ t��ng������ t��n��
������å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ n��ng������ n��n�����롱�� sh��n������ s��n ��
������������ d��ng������ä¸ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ d��ng�����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
�����������ç»ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������å£ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ã»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
������ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¡£
�����������â´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ä¾ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¾í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½
������������𣬲��������
����ä¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¥ï¿½ï¿½ûµèµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������������������������î¹ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½
�������ñ£º¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶è¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
������ת���������ﶯ�� ��
�������â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ç³ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
�������磺���ñ¡¢·â·ï¿½
��������������í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ �����硱��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������ �����ðµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������ ������ç°ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½
������ ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ �������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ë��ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ä£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ë½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµãµï¿½ï¿½ð°¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëº¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½
����������ð´ï¿½îºï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½.ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ í¦ ë¦ ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��
����������ê£ï¿½
�������� �� í¦ï¿½ï¿½ �� ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ �� ë¦ï¿½ï¿½ ��
�����ú£ï¿½ �� í¥ï¿½ï¿½ �� �ú£ï¿½ �� �ã£ï¿½ ��
�������� �� ���� �� ���� �� �ߣ� ��
����ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ �� �â£ï¿½ �� ���� �� �ᣨ ��
����������䣺
�������� ���â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十
1、认识“屑、拧”等8个生字;会写“削、喂”等14个生字;能正确读写“沉默、盘问、口哨、埋伏、凝神、烧毁”等问题;会用“宛如、兴致勃勃”造句。
2、了解课文的叙述顺序,体会首尾照应的表达方法。
3、理解课文内容,体会苏联卫国战争中,少年儿童勇敢、机智的品质和爱国主义精神。
4、理解课文中含义深刻句子的意思。
5、有感情地朗读课文。
1、通过互联网,书籍等搜集、有关苏联卫国战争的资料。
2、没见过“杜鹃、夜莺”的同学,通过查字典,了解一下这两种鸟。
3、留有作业和写有含义深刻句子的小黑板或幻灯。
战争是无情的,是残酷的,它给国家和人民带来极其惨重的损失。在古今中外的战争中,侵略者总是没有好下场的。保家卫国的勇士们,上有七八十岁的老人,下有七八岁的孩童,他们不怕牺牲,不怕流血,千方百计地打击敌人,有些侵略者直到全部被消灭了,还不知道是怎么落入了抵抗组织巧妙地设下的陷阱中的。不信,我们一起学习《夜莺的歌声》这篇课文。
1、齐读课题:
你们了解“夜莺”吗?谁来说一说。
2、抽生答。
3、教师小结:
体态小巧玲珑,叫声清脆宛转,每当月上高空,它就会放开歌喉纵情歌唱。
4、读完课题,你们还想知道什么?
5、学生质疑。
6、学生带着问题,用自己喜欢的方式(可默读、小声读、放声读、同桌一起读、快速读等)读课文。
7、初略检查学生读课文的情况(解答学生质疑中较简单的问题)。
苏联卫国战争:1941年6月,德国法西斯在已经占领了欧洲许多国家之后,突然进攻苏联。苏联人民在以斯大林为首的党和政府的领导下,开始了卫国战争。在奋起保卫祖国的战斗中,苏联的敌后游击队非常活跃,积极配合苏联红军作战,涌现出许多可歌可泣的故事,本文记叙的就是这无数事例中的生动一例。
课文是如何将这一生动事例展现在我们眼前的,再读课文,读时注意本课的生字词。
1、你要提醒同学要注意哪些字的读音:
“屑”读 xiè,不读 xuè;“挺”读 tǐng,不读 tǐn;
“拧”不读 nǐng,不读 nǐn;“呻”读 shēn,不读 sēn ;
“钉“( dìng)的韵母是后鼻音,也是多音字,还读 dīng;还有“削、空、塞、还”都是多音字。
2、你们还有不理解的词吗?
空旷:地方开阔,没有树木,建筑物等。这里是指树林建筑物等被破坏后的景象。
沉寂:非常安静,一点声音也没有。
灌木:矮小而丛生的木本植物。
搭拉:下垂。
木屑:木头的碎木。
轻蔑:看不起,不放在眼里。
磨坊:磨面粉等的作坊。
球果:松树或其他树结的球形果实。
凝神:精神高度集中。
宛转:声音抑扬动听 。
兴致勃勃:兴致、兴趣,这里指兴趣非常浓厚的样子。
宛如:好像、仿佛。
在理解词语的同时,老师要注意引导学生能运用这些词语,特别是“宛如、兴致勃勃”。
⑴ “宛如”是一个比喻词,可以把什么比喻成什么?
① 读文中的句子,谈把什么比喻成什么?
② 回忆以前的课文。桂林的水真绿啊,绿得宛如……
③ 学生自己练习说话。
⑵ 读文中有“兴致勃勃”的句子。“夜莺还是兴致勃勃地唱着”。学生仿照文中句式练习造句。(谁,什么时间)兴致勃勃(做什么)
孩子们读了课文,对课文的内容有了大致的了解,那么“夜莺”是一个怎样的孩子呢?我们下节课再仔细读课文,通过讨论得到答案。现在请孩子们完成以下作业:
1、抄写课后要求写的生字,注意以下字的.写法。(老师在黑板上范写)
喂 挺 甩 滚 毁 惯
2、组词:
削( ) 挺( ) 斯( ) 甩( )
哨( ) 庭( ) 期( ) 用( )
抢( ) 防( ) 汉( ) 惯( )
枪( ) 仿( ) 汗( ) 贯( )
3、造句:
宛如 兴致勃勃。
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十一
����
����������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ù¡ï¿½ä¾ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����������������ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
���������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
����(ò»)�������â¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ë½â±³ï¿½ï¿½
��������ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸è³ªï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
����(�����ñ£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç°ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²á¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½50ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
����(��)�����ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½
����1���ö´ê£ï¿½
�����ù°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¥ï¿½ï¿½
������ä¾í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¥ï¿½ï¿½
����������ä¢ï¿½ï¿½
������������������
����2�����ð·ö¶ï¿½
�����治�����ù¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµã²»ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¸ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ù¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ö¶î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ê«ï¿½è¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ý¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½î·ö±ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½
���������飺���õµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½õµð£ï¿½
����ë�ü°ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
������ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½è¥ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����(��)��æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½
����1�������ðµï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ó¡ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµäºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ð°¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ò»è¦ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
����1��������ð´
��������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ù¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½?������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ë¿ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½____________��
��������ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����å¶ï¿½ï¿½ô����ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½õ´ï¿½ßµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä½ä±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½
�������ð»ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
��������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ץס��è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½
����2������������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
���������ø£ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ã¦ï¿½ø»ø´ð£¬¡ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ת�ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ëµä³ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºü»ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½òµä¾íºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä£ï¿½
����1��ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������çµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä·ßºþ£ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµäºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºüºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ë�ü°ñºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾è»ö½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£©
�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´è¥ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
����2��������ð´
��������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ì²²ò»ë¦ò»ë¦ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������î»ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê°ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ò»è¦ï¿½ï¿½
������ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ò»â·ï¿½ïµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ï¿½è¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£©
����ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶¨´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������������ë¼éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����3����ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´
���������ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¿ï¿½ï¿½äºü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½
����ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
����(��)���ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ
��������������ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ó¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á´©ï¿½å¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十二
1、认识8个生字;会写14个生字;能正确读写“沉寂、盘问、口哨、埋伏、凝神、烧毁、木屑、蘑菇、呻吟、宛转”等词语。
2、理解课文中含义深刻句子的意思,体会苏联卫国战争中少年儿童的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。
3、有感情地朗读课文。
(一)、导入新课,了解背景
给大家介绍一个朋友:这种体态玲珑的鸟叫夜莺。夜莺又名黄鸟,它模样漂亮,歌喉清脆甜美,是鸟类中有名的歌唱家之一。听,(播放夜莺的叫声)这清脆、宛转的叫声就是夜莺的歌声。今天我们学习的课文就是《夜莺的歌声》。课前我们已经预习了课文,文中的夜莺是指鸟吗?
(不是鸟,而是一个小男孩。)
课文写的是前苏联卫国战争中一个小男孩的故事。请同学们把《词语手册》翻到50页,读一读,了解了解苏联卫国战争。(板书课题)
(二)、检查预习,感知内容
老师想检查检查同学的预习,有信心接受老师的挑战吗?
1、字词:
①剥削钉子空旷边塞磨坊
削木头钉在那里空隙塞到嘴里磨面
②耷拉蘑菇
③轻蔑呻吟毁灭
2、隔行分段
真不错,再考个难点的。这篇课文段落格式跟别的课文有点不一样。看看课文,细心的你发现了什么?(每个部分以空行隔开。)
隔一行,再开始下一段。这叫“隔行分段”,往往用于篇幅较长的文章或诗歌。本文有几个隔行,分成了几段?(三个隔行,分成了四段。)
3、内容概括
快速浏览课文,想想每一段分别写了什么?用自己的话简单地说说。
(板书:引诱敌人传递情报消灭敌人再次诱敌)
谁能把四部分内容连起来,说说这篇课文的主要内容。
(小男孩用夜莺的歌声引诱敌人并向游击队传递情报,帮助游击队歼灭了德国兵。第二天他再次去河岸边诱敌。)
(三)、品词析句,感悟品质
1、故事中的小夜莺给你留下了什么印象?
2、一个和我们年纪相仿的孩子,却沉着机智地与敌人斗志斗勇,真是了不起啊!让我们聚焦第一部分引诱敌人,课文的字里行间,你从哪些地方捕捉到他的机智勇敢?读一读,画一画,圈一圈,也可动笔在旁边写上自己的感受。
(学生汇报,重点理解以下句子)
1、语言描写
“你说的是一种蘑菇吗?没有,我们这里没有蘑菇。这里只有……”
①军官怎么问?他是在什么情况下问的?此时此刻,军官心里会想些什么?于是他问小夜莺,想刺探这里究竟有没有游击队。可小夜莺回答的却是____________。
②是小夜莺听不懂军官的话吗?那是为什么呢?
哦,原来是小夜莺在装糊涂,故意把游击队说成蘑菇,装成什么也不懂的样子。他答非所问,把两个完全不沾边的东西扯到了一起,为的就是打消敌人的戒备心理,使敌人确信他是个什么都不懂的顽皮小孩呀!
你能把随机应变的小夜莺天真,什么都不懂的样儿读出来吗?
师:我们从人物的语言中读出一个聪明的小夜莺。(板书:语言)
文中还有很多小夜莺与军官的精彩对话,体现了夜莺的聪明勇敢,你能找出来,读一读,说说你的感受吗?
“怎么会就剩下我一个?这里有麻雀、乌鸦、猫头鹰,多着呢。夜莺倒是只有我一个!”
1、抓住麻雀,乌鸦、猫头鹰、野兽,表面上是说一些动物,实际上暗骂敌人;
2、东拉西扯,说东道西,为了什么?小男孩是在装傻,东拉西扯的避开敌人的盘问。
“人呢?战争一开始这里就没有人了。”小孩不慌不忙地回答,“刚刚一开火,村子就着火了,大家都喊:‘野兽来了,野兽来了’——就都跑了。”
师:能说说你的理由吗?
(他是在婉转地暗骂敌人是野兽,来表达自己对敌人的仇恨,所以我觉得他是很机智很勇敢。)
师:野兽指的是什么?你怎么知道他是骂德国兵的呢?(野兽指的是德国兵,因为侵略别人国家的就好像野兽那样没人性,德国兵就是入侵小男孩国家的)
1、小夜莺那时心里想着些什么?
2、从你们的朗读中我听出了你们内心的愤恨,小夜莺啊,你为什么不直接斥责德军呢?(要这样说呢?他目的是让敌人觉得他是个不懂事的孩子,麻痹敌人,让敌人消除戒心,相信小男孩的话。)
师:你们都理解的很好,这句话体现了小男孩的机智和勇敢,谁能把孩子的天真读出来?(个别读,齐读)
这一段关于军官与小夜莺的对话非常精彩,小夜莺机智勇敢的形象跃然纸上,让我们分角色来读读。
同桌不读旁白(自由选择人物)
过渡:从人物语言可以看出人物的品质,我们还可以通过神态、动作、甚至外貌的描写去体会,来继续汇报。
2、动作描写
“有时候学夜莺唱,有时候学杜鹃叫,胳膊一甩一甩的……”
这段话写的是小男孩的动作。动笔把动词圈一圈。
从小男孩一路上的动作,你看出了什么?(小男孩的天真顽皮)
小夜莺真的只是个贪玩的小男孩吗?他真的把身边的军官忘了吗?
他之所以这样做是因为(他很聪明,故意装出天真的样子让敌人以前他是只是一个小孩子什么也不懂,就放松警惕。他很勇敢,在敌人面前表现自如)
小男孩的镇定从容又不失顽皮,你能用朗读体现出来吗?
欢快的鸟鸣,无所顾忌的游戏,多顽皮的小孩!其实,小夜莺是在麻痹敌人,也在向游击队传递着敌情。
3、神态描写
“孩子从嘴里掏出一个小玩意儿,递给他,用快活的蓝眼睛望着他。”(快活是什么含义?真的很快活吗?)
小夜莺在敌人面前一点也不害怕,他的神情很自然,可见小孩的胆量非常大。
(德国军难道一点儿也不可怕吗?)从文中找出依据。
(四)、总结课文,布置作业
我们运用联系上下文的方法,抓住人物语言、神态、动作的描写感受到了机智勇敢的小夜莺。文章从开头到结尾都贯穿着“夜莺的歌声”,它是文章的线索。请同学们在文中找出关于夜莺歌声的句子,理解夜莺歌声的不同作用。
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十三
����ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½
����
����������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½â¸ò»ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½æ·ï¿½êºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
�������ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
�����ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±³ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½í¶å¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
�����������â¿î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
�������죬����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ö¸ë��ò¹ýºîªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸è£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ò¾í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
��������鱳��������ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
��������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
������ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
������ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½öµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½øµã²¿ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
�������ò³ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½â·ê±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
�������î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
�����é¿ï¿½ï¿½äµä¿ï¿½í·ï¿½í½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½í½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
��������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡¢¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½øµã²¿ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·åªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½çµäºï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
�������⻹�ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ò°ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµâ¹ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ë½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ø´ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����ó½ï¿½ �é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½
�������ú´ï¿½â·ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß°ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµê±ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±ß´ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ê±ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½
�������î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ñµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½32�����������å¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»í¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð���î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºè«ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ò¹ýºï¿½ö½ð£ï¿½
�����é¿ï¿½ï¿½äµä¿ï¿½í·ï¿½í½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
���������ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������îªê²ã´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµø³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¡ï¿½
������������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó£¿»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ð¹ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ûµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ë����ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½
�����塢����������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
��������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����ò¹ýº ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½
�����å¾ï¿½ ò²ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ó¹æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½é«ï¿½ßµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ø½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã«ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������æ¡ï¿½
����ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������� ���õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����ó½ï¿½
�����é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����â¸ï¿½
���������� ���ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦
������������ �������徫��
��������� è«ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ö½ï¿½
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十四
执教者:
⒈理解课文内容,体会苏联卫国战争中少年儿童勇敢机智的品质和爱国主义精神。
⒉了解课文的叙述顺序,体会首尾照应的表达方法。
重点:“夜莺”是怎样帮助游击队歼灭德国兵的。
难点:体会首尾照应的表达方法。
制作课件、搜集有关苏联卫国战争的资料。
一课时
一、导入新课,简介背景
⒈学生汇报搜集有关夜莺和杜鹃的资料。(出示幻灯片)
⒉导入新课。(出示幻灯片)
今天,我们学习这篇课文,讲的是前苏联卫国战争的一个小故事。(板书课题)“夜莺”指谁?夜莺为什么要唱歌?唱的是什么样的歌?读了课文大家就会清楚了。
⒊简介背景。(出示幻灯片)
二、自学理解课文,结合“阅读提示”,读懂含义深刻的句子,深入理解课文内容。
⒈出示自学步骤方法:⑴初读,学字词;⑵再读,知结构;⑶细读,明中心;⑷精读,表情感。
⒉默读课文,出示自学思考题。(幻灯片)
⑴说说课文讲了一件什么事?分几部分写的?你是怎么分的?课文的重点部分写什么?
⑵找出小孩回答德国兵的话,想想是什么意思?说明了什么?
⑶在给敌人带路时,小孩有哪些言行?你从中体会到什么?
⑷游击队员是怎么知道敌人情况的?说明了什么?
⑸课文的开头和结尾都写了夜莺的歌声,说说开头和结尾有什么联系?
⒊各小组讨论。(逐题出示)
⑴这篇课文写在苏联卫国战争时期,一个小男孩帮助游击队消灭一伙德国法西斯强盗的事。文章是按照事情发展的顺序写的,可以按起因、经过、结果分为三部分。课文的重点部分写小男孩是怎样帮助游击队歼灭德国兵的。
⑵小孩对德国兵说:“这里有麻雀、乌鸦、猫头鹰,多着呢。夜莺倒是只有我一个!”用这些话来戏弄敌人,说明他是个沉着机智的孩子。
另外还有,“刚刚一开火,村子就着火了,大家都喊:‘野兽来了!野兽来了!’—就都跑了。”这里的‘野兽’指的是什么?(德国兵)他这样痛骂敌人,说明了小孩什么?(很憎恨德国强盗)
小结:这部分写了夜莺引诱德国兵,并主动和敌人接近,巧妙地回答德国军官的盘问,让敌人取得对他的信任,让他带路。(板书:引诱敌人 主动接近 巧答盘问 取得信任)
⑶在带路时,他有时学夜莺唱,有时学杜鹃叫,是为了让德国兵知道,这是自己的习惯爱好,用来麻痹敌人,以后他用鸟声和游击队联系时就不会引起怀疑了。(请一位同学表演)表演出孩子天真活泼的样子。
小孩边走边打路旁树枝,拾球果踢,回答问话时就打岔说别的,也都是为了让德国兵认为他贪玩而不加警惕,从而顺利地跟着自己走进游击队的埋伏圈里。(板书:引敌进埋伏圈)从这里可表现了小夜莺的什么品质?(板书:机智、勇敢)(请一位同学表演)
⑷游击队员听到了小夜莺的叫声,知道小孩已把敌人带来,通过有节奏的夜莺歌声知道了鬼子人数是32个,用两声杜鹃叫是报告有两挺机关枪。一声夜莺叫代表一个敌人,一声杜鹃叫代表一挺机关枪,由此可以想到,孩子同游击队用这种方式联系,已经不止一次了,他曾多次协助游击队消灭敌人。(板书:巧妙报告敌情)表现了小夜莺的什么精神?(爱国主义精神)最后怎么样?(板书:全歼敌人 夜莺又叫)
⑸课文的开头和结尾是相互照应,首尾连贯的。(即首尾呼应的写法)都是说小孩在发出夜莺的歌声,以便配合游击队歼灭敌人。这样更加突出了“小夜莺”的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。
三、总结课文
⒈课题为什么叫“夜莺的歌声”?
包含两个意思:一是孩子用夜莺的歌声向游击队报告情况,帮助游击队歼灭了德国兵;二是孩子被游击队员亲切地称为“小夜莺”,夜莺的歌声是动听的,美好的。
⒉读了这篇课文后,小男孩给你留下了怎样的印象?或者你喜欢、佩服小男孩什么?(机智、勇敢、热爱祖国。是个小英雄。)
⒊讲述有关小英雄的故事。
四、质疑问难
读了这篇课文后,谁还有什么问题不理解、不清楚、不明白?
五、课外延伸练习(出示幻灯片)
六、指导有感情地朗读课文。
【小资料】
夜莺 指红鸲一类叫声清脆宛转的鸟。一般体态玲珑、鸣声清脆,且多鸣于月夜。所以叫夜莺。
杜鹃 也叫杜宇、布谷或子规。是一种鸟,身体黑灰色,尾巴有白色斑点,腹部有黑色横纹。初夏时常昼夜不停地叫。吃毛虫,是益鸟。
【板书设计】
夜莺的歌声
起因: 引诱敌人 主动接近
巧答盘问 取得信任 机智勇敢
经过: 引敌进埋伏圈
巧妙报告敌情 爱国主义精神
结果: 全歼敌人,夜莺又叫
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十五
������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ñµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ù±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½óµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾è»ö½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¶ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£
����
����ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½×¥×¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°ë¹¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½î¾¿ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾¿ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¸õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý±ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ó£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý¾ï¿½ï¿½ùºï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢è¥æ·î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð£¬¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½í·ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ð£¬¼è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµú¶ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ì²²ò»ë¦ò»ë¦ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½å°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½óµ¨µø·å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½äµ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½
����������������ߵä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������ߵä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������仰��ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����3���è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºî²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£ï¿½îªê²ã´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºîªï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºåºï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£¬í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ü¡ï¿½
����4��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����������å¨ï¿½øµä±ï¿½ä«ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½óµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿õ¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±î§ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½õ°×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½è¥ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����������ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºó°ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½êµîªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú´ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½äµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ð´ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¨ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½î¨ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十六
《夜莺的歌声》(人教版六年制第十二册)讲述了苏联卫国战争时期,一个被称为“夜莺”的小男孩把德国官兵引入游击队的伏击圈,使德国法西斯强盗被歼灭的故事。一个机智、活泼、乖巧的小男孩形象跃然纸上。文章以夜莺的歌声为主线,构思巧妙,段落分明,语言含蓄、幽默,掩卷沉思,那悦耳的歌声仍不绝于耳。针对课文特点,教师可设计以下四个环节展开教学。
教师首先引导学生初读全文,概括课文主要讲了一件什么事。在此基础上再默读全文,抓住主线要求学生划出课文中描写夜莺歌声的句子,并以文章自然空行为标志划分段落,四人小组讨论段意,从而理清课文脉络。
夜莺的歌声是课文的一条红线,抓住夜莺歌声的句子展开教学,便可起到事半功倍的效果。如何引导学生以读为主,以读促悟,重点深究夜莺歌声的含义成为本课教学的重中之重。教师可从以下四个环节引导学生深究。
1、联系上下文,初闻歌声。学习课文第一段,让学生找出描写夜莺歌声的句子。教师出示:“夜莺的歌声打破了夏日的沉寂。这歌声停了一会儿,接着又用一股新的劲头唱起来。”鼓励学生质疑,学生问:“‘沉寂’什么意思?”教师让学生联系上文读读,体会体会。学生从读中体会到战斗刚刚结束,树木、房屋被破坏,空旷的花园里空无一人,死一般的静寂。学生又问:“这歌声有什么作用?”教师不急于解答学生的疑惑,而是让学生分角色读课文第三到第十九自然段,两生上台演一演军官和小夜莺,从对话中去体会、去品味。“怎么会就剩下我一个?这里有麻雀、乌鸦、猫头鹰,多着呢。夜莺倒是只有我一个。”小夜莺把问话故意岔开,避免了正面回答,看似一副糊涂的样子,却有着格外清醒的头脑。“刚刚一开火,村子就着火了,大家都喊:‘野兽来了,野兽来了’——就都跑了。”小夜莺巧妙的回答,既保护了群众,又痛骂了敌人。从字里行间流露出小夜莺的乖巧、机智。学生进入语言文字所描绘的情景中,做到了“口而诵,心而维”,边朗读边揣摩,从中体会到这是有意吸引敌人的歌声。
2、自问自答,理解歌声。学习课文第二段,让学生继续找出描写夜莺歌声的句子。教师出示:“小孩有时侯学夜莺唱,有时侯学杜鹃叫,胳膊一甩一甩的,打着路旁的树枝,有时侯弯下腰去拾球果,还用脚把球果踢起来。”教师大胆地放,引导学生自问自答,同桌练习一个问一个答,扩大了训练面,人人都得到了训练的机会,学生各有所得。在此基础上,教师充当“向导”的角色,引领学生比较:
“他好像把身边的军官完全忘了。”
“他把身边的军官完全忘了。”
这两句话意思有什么不同?一石激起千层浪,学生展开了激烈的讨论。
3、比较异同,破译歌声。学习课文第三段,学生继续找出描写夜莺歌声的句子。四人小组讨论歌声的作用有何不同,破译歌声的含义。结合语境,让学生探究既然那歌声已经没有什么新鲜的意思了,为什么夜莺还是兴致勃勃地唱着?通过朗读,学生感悟出小夜莺为了不引起敌人怀疑,发出信号后仍继续唱歌,同时也表达他临战前的兴奋。
4、探究寻根,深挖歌声。齐读课文第五段中描写夜莺歌声的句子,教师出示:“从孩子的嘴里飞出宛转的夜莺的歌声。那歌声即使是听惯了鸟叫的人也觉察不出跟真夜莺的有什么两样。”问学生读懂了什么,引导学生在朗读的过程中探究寻根,表面赞扬宛转的歌声,实质颂扬小夜莺勇敢、机智又热爱祖国的品质,悟出语言文字背后所蕴藏的深意,提高学生对语言的感受能力。
文章以浓重的笔墨谱写小夜莺引诱敌人进入游击队的伏击圈,而对游击队员的描写则着墨极少,这给学生提供了想象的空间,教师可设计这样的训练题练说:“战斗胜利了,几个游击队员围着小夜莺,。”
教师抓住这一语言“空白”,引导学生走进课文所描绘的语言情境之中,去朗读,去感受,去想象,贴近书中的人物,与他们一同分享胜利的喜悦,产生心灵上的共鸣,从而水到渠成地称赞了小夜莺,在语感训练中提高了学生的表达能力。
故事以小男孩坐在河岸边吹着口哨执行新任务作结,给人一曲终了而意犹未尽之感,实为神来之笔。教师在此可设计这样一个练笔。把课文的第五段删掉,请学生续一个豹尾,要求前后照应,首尾连贯(这是本单元读写训练的重点),从小培养学生不唯书,不唯师,敢于向权威挑战,写出自己的特色,锻炼了学生的写话能力。
总之,本课以“夜莺的歌声”为主线,以学生为主体,以读、议、悟为主要手段,并穿插说、写的练习,对学生进行了扎实的语言文字训练,起到了良好的教学效果。
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十七
����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����2�������øµï¿½ä¡£
����3��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����1���ë½â±»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����2���ë½â¿ªí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê±
����1��������
����d�� q�� y��n
�����ì°ï¿½ ���� ����
����2��������
������ xi��o ����æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ xu����������
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ n��ng ï¿½ï¿½å¡æ¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����n��n����å¡ã«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����n��ng ��å¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½
������ zu��n ���� �ð£ï¿½ zu��n����í·ï¿½ï¿½
����3��������
����ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ ���������� ����ת��ýºï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½
�������������� �������� �루���룩ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¥ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����1���������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½â´ê¡ï¿½
����2�����ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����3���ê¶ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������öª
����1������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
��������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½
������������õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1941��6�â£ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½í»è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½×µäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµðºï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���������磬���û·ö¶î¡ï¿½
���������ç°ï¿½ê²ã´ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������õ¡ï¿½ï¿½õµð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î»ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½é¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½
���������î£ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����3����ê¦ï¿½ü½á£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�������â°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ë³ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ö¶î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö´ê¡ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1������îªê²ã´òªð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ëµï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½×¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùºï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
��������������������ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����4���໥���û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ãµæ³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
������1������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð£¬·ï¿½ó³ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ä¾²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2�������ä£ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5��ð¡ï¿½á±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��â·ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
���������ó»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����3�����û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¾ï¿½é«ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����������õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ëµäºþ½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ì¹è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1���î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½
������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���é´ë¿é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½
���������ç£ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½
����ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶î£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����1���î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����2���â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ß¶èµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ë¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é±¨ô±
�����塢ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½
����2���ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ߡ���òµ
����1����� ���ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶¯ì¬ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十八
1、学习本课生字。
2、理解重点句。
3、通过了解这个小故事,教育学生从小热爱自己的祖国,当祖国需要时,随时都可以为祖国献出一切。
1、了解被称为“夜莺”的孩子是怎样帮助游击队歼灭一伙德国法西斯强盗的。
2、了解开头三个自然段和最后两个自然段之间的相互照应。
两课时
1、正音字
dī qū yín
堤岸 曲折 呻吟
2、多音字
削 xiāo (削苹果) xuē(剥削)
拧 nìng (拧脾气)
nínɡ(拧毛巾)
nǐng (拧螺丝)
钻 zuān (钻 研) zuàn(钻头)
3、区别字
屑(不屑) 埃(埃及) 宛(宛转)莺(夜莺)
霄(九霄) 挨(挨打) 碗(饭碗)鹰(老鹰)
第一课时
一、明确目标
1、初读课文,掌握生字、新词。
2、划分段落,概括段意。
3、朗读训练。
二、整体感知
1、揭题引读,学生自悟。
2、快速读文,概括课文主要内容。
三、目标完成过程
1、检查预习,质疑问难。
苏联卫国战争:1941年6月,德国法西斯在已经战领了欧洲许多国家之后,突然进攻苏联。苏联人民在以斯大林为首的党和政府的领导下,开始了卫国战争,在奋起保卫祖国的战斗中,苏联的敌后游击队非常活跃,积极配合红军奋勇作战,涌现了许多可歌可泣的动人故事,本文记叙的就是这无数事例中的生动一例。
2、理清脉络,讨论分段。
课文是按什么顺序记叙的?(按事情发展的顺序记叙的。)
按照“诱敌——入林——传信——摆脱”的顺序分段或以歌声为线索也可。
第一段(从开头到“听懂了吗?”)小孩学夜莺叫,用歌声引诱德国兵。
第二段(从“队伍出发了”到“就不再问了”)写小孩给敌人带路。
第三段(从“树林深处”到“新鲜的意思了”)写小孩发出情报做好消灭敌人的准备。
第四段(从“德国兵”——全文结束)写小孩把敌人带进埋伏圈,机智摆脱了敌人。
3、教师总结,学生质疑,解答问题。
文章按事情的发展顺序分段,以歌声为线索,掌握这种分段方法并理解所学字词。
第二课时
一、阅读第一段,讨论问题
1、文首为什么要写“黑色的碎瓦”、“空旷的花园”、“烧焦的树木”?
(说明战争破坏严重,昔日美丽的村庄,如今已破烂不堪,作者利用这一段环境描写来揭露德国法西斯的侵略行为。)
2、德国军官和士兵是怎样发现小孩的?
(无声—如今已破烂不堪,作者利用这一段环境描写来露德国法西斯的侵略行为。)
3、德国军和士兵是怎样发现小孩的?(无声——夜莺叫——小孩叫——注意听——发现)
4、相互讨论,体会句子含义,幻灯出示。
(1)“怎么会就剩我一个?这里有麻雀、乌鸦、猫头鹰,多着呢。夜莺倒只有我一个!”
(孩子故意打岔,避正面回答,反映了孩子的冷静、沉着、机智。)
(2)“人哪?战争。
5、小结本段内容,指导朗读。
二、学习课文第二段
1、路上小孩为什么有时学夜莺叫,有时学杜鹃叫?为何要做出天真贪玩的样子?
(孩子机智灵活,既向游击队传递了情报,又进一步取得了敌人的信任。)
2、当问孩子有无游击队时,孩子怎样回答的?画在书上。
3、讨论:孩子面对凶恶的敌人,难道他不怕吗?为什么还能应变自如,毫无惧色呢?
(卫国战争中,全国人民都投入到保卫家园的斗争中,全国人民怀着对祖国的爱,对敌人的恨进行不屈的斗争,小孩就是由于对祖国的热爱,对敌人的憎恨,才能临危不惧,坦然自若。)
三、学习课文第三段
1、游击队潜伏在哪里?他们怎么知道德国兵来了?
(通过小夜莺的歌声传送的情报得知德国兵来了。)
2、由此可见,小夜莺是第一次传递情报吗?
(不是,小夜莺显得老练,看来在战争期间,他已是一位出色的游击队员了。)
四、学习课文第四段
默读第四段,思考
1、游击队是怎样把敌人消灭的?
2、德国兵被消灭后,小孩为什么又坐在原来的地方,他在望什么?
(小孩子完成这次任务后,又坐在原来的地方,执行新的任务,小孩有高度的负责精神和警惕性。)
3、最后一节起什么作用?(照应了开头并点了题,这歌声……有什么区别,这句赞扬了小夜莺是一个非常出色的小情报员
五、学习表达
围绕中心,学习表达
1、浏览课文,找一找有几处环境描写?
2、以歌声的地方有几处?(可见这篇文章思路清楚,以歌声为线索,另外准确的环境描写也起到了烘托中心的作用。)
六、总结课文,拓展延伸
1、这篇文章读后你受到怎样的启发?
2、你觉得小夜莺是个怎样的孩子?(热爱自己的祖国。)
七、作业
1、造句 即便……也……
2、学习写人物动态的句子,画在书上。
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇十九
����
����1������������ý£ï¿½ñ§ï°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£
����4���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
����1���ë½â±»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����2���ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ê±ï¿½ä£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����
����1�������ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ê¡ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½
���������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�����ä¡ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����1�����ë¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºæè¡ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½
������1�����ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½î²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¾í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½×²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·åªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3�������ä£ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ò¾²¡ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµäºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ü¸é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����
����1������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµú¶ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµú¶ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½åªï¿½å±»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½í¨öªï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º
������1��ò»â·ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½
������2��îªê²ã´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ì²²ò»ë¦ò»ë¦ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½å°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3����ò¹ýºï¿½ø´ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½í»è»ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����2���������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����1�������������﷢��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡±ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����2���î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����3���â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºîªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô���äºó°ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����4������îªê²ã´ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½î²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ø£ï¿½
���������ü½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����1���ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����2�����⡰ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å£º
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹øµï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµøºíµï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸è¡£
����3����æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â·ï¿½ó³ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ñ¡££ï¿½
����4�����äµä¿ï¿½í·ï¿½í½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二十
1、理解课文内容,学习小夜莺机智勇敢的品质,受到爱国主义教育。
2、学习课文首尾呼应的写法。
3、学习生字新词。会用“宛转”、“兴致勃勃”造句。
4、有感情地朗读课文。
1、了解被称为“夜莺”的孩子是怎样帮助游击队歼灭一伙德国法西斯强盗的。
2、了解课文开头三个自然段和最后两个自然段之间相互照应的关系。
教学时间:二课时
第一课时
1、初步了解课文。
2、学会生字新词。
3、学习课文第一段。
一、介绍背景,导入新课。
二、初读课文,读准字音,联系上下文理解词语。
1、学生自学。
2、检查自学情况。
三、再读课文,说说课文的主要内容,概括段落大意。
四、学习课文第一段。
1、读了课文第一段你了解了什么?(聪明、机智的小夜莺骗取德国兵的信任。)
2、引导学生理解第一段中的几句话。
(1)“有个孩子坐在河岸边上,搭拉着两条腿。他光着头,穿着一件颜色和树叶差不多的绿上衣,手里拿着一块木头,不知在削什么。”(这个孩子是夜莺,他这样做的目的是要有意吸引敌人。)
(2)“怎么会就剩下我一个?这里有麻雀、乌鸦、猫头鹰,多着呢。夜莺倒只有我一个!”(在敌人不易察觉中戏弄敌人,体现出他的聪明。)
(3)“人哪?战争一开始这里就没人了。大家都喊:‘野兽来了,野兽来了’——就都跑了。”(表现出小夜莺的机智勇敢、镇静。让敌人觉得他只不过是个不懂事的孩子,因而相信他,让他带路。)
3、“小夜莺”给你留下了什么印象,你有什么感受?(他勇敢、机智、聪明、活泼、能干、自信。)
第二课时
1、继续学习课文,学习小夜莺的爱国精神。2、学习课文的写作特点。
一、学习课文第二段。
1、自学课文第二段,弄清被称为“夜莺”的那个小孩用什么方法把德国兵引进游击队的埋伏圈,又用什么方法把敌人的人数和装备通知游击队。重点思考以下问题:
(1)一路上小孩为什么有时学夜莺叫,有时学杜鹃叫?
(2)为什么夜莺“有时胳膊一甩一甩地打着路旁的树枝,有时弯下腰去拾球果,还用脚把球果踢起来”?
(3)从夜莺回答德国军官的突然问话中,你感悟到什么?(夜莺机智、灵活。
2、交流,朗读。
二、学习第三段。
1、“从松树林里发出一声口哨响”这句话告诉我们什么?
2、游击队是怎样消灭德国兵的?请找出有关句子读一读,想一想游击队为什么能全歼敌人。
3、德国兵被消灭后,小夜莺为什么又坐在原来的河岸边?他在望什么?
4、课文为什么写孩子穿的衣服是跟树叶差不多的绿颜色呢?
三、总结全文。
1、请画出文中首尾照应的句子。
2、理解“夜莺的歌声”的含义:
一是小孩叫夜莺,他把敌人带进游击队的埋伏圈,让游击队消灭敌人,夜莺的歌声是胜利的歌声;二是小孩用夜莺的叫声报告有关敌人的情况,夜莺的歌声是传递情报的声音;三是小孩是个爱祖国、恨敌人,机智勇敢的小孩,夜莺的歌声是热爱祖国、勇敢地和敌人斗争的颂歌。
3、这篇课文通过一件什么事反映什么?(通过记叙苏联卫国战争时期一个小男孩帮助游击队歼灭一伙德国侵略者的经过,反映了苏联少年的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。)
4、课文的开头和结尾有什么联系?
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二十一
����
����������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡¢¹ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½õ»ù¡ï¿½ä¾ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
������������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
����������������ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
���������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
�����ë½â±»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
�����������ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê±ï¿½ï¿½
����
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½
������������ò¹ýºï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ³ª¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
��������������ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
��������ò¹ýºï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö´ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½
������ �������ö´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ������ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¡£
��������ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
�����ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ö£ï¿½
�������������� ë¦ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ í¦
�����î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªð´ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ ��î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æ²
��������ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ��è»ï¿½îºü¶à¡£
������ �ô»ï¿½ï¿½ü¶à¡£
������ �����ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
�������������ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·öºï¿½ï¿½ë¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������ �õµï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ����å¡ï¿½
������ ������ë¡ï¿½
������ ��������
����������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªð´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´«ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ �ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
������ �����������ä»ï¿½ï¿½
������ ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò¡¡ï¿½ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ����ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
������ ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
������ �óºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½îµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶¼öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������ ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
������ ð¡ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
������ è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½
������ õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½óµâ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½×¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������飺�õµï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ´ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ú´ëµèºï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½
������ õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý±ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
������ ����ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½:���å¡ï¿½
������ �ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½
������ �ú´ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
������ ���ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò¡¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò¡¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò¡¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ��ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ò»â·ï¿½ïµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ï¿½è£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£©
�������飺���� �â¸ï¿½
������ �ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½øµï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðµä»ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ã·ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½
��������í¬ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������飺
�����ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ó¦×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
��������������
������ ����ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½!����������ëºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ���õ¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡¡ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½þ£ï¿½
������ ����ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½
����������î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä½ä±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½
��������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ã·ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½á£ºð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµøºíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ú¿î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½
������������
���������î¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
���������î£ï¿½
����������ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½â¡£
���������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä´î£ï¿½
��������ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ì¡£
���������������ö®ï¿½ï¿½
���������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������é£ï¿½
����îªê²ã´ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������î£ï¿½
�������������ö®ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
���������î£ï¿½
���������ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������õµï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
���������ü½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµøºíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½îµø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½
����
�����õµï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½
����������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������� ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½
�����������
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二十二
1、认识“屑、拧”等8个生字;会写“削、喂”等14个生字;能正确读写“沉寂、盘问、口哨、埋伏、凝神、鬼子、汉子、烧毁、木屑、蘑菇、呻吟、宛转”等词语。
2、理解课文内容,体会苏联卫国战争中少年儿童的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。
3、理解课文中含义深刻句子的意思。
4、有感情地朗读课文。
了解被称为“夜莺”的孩子是怎样帮助游击队歼灭一伙德国法西斯强盗的。体会夜莺的勇敢和机智。
体会课文中含义深刻的句子。如:大家喊:“野兽来了,野兽来了──就都跑了。”
1、收集有关苏联卫国战争的资料,了解历史背景。
2、多媒体课件。
2课时。
一、出示课件,导入新课
1、播放夜莺的叫声。
2、你们听到了什么?(是鸟在叫,声音很动听,像唱歌一样)
3、这就是夜莺的歌声。(板书课题)
今天我们来学习的课文就是《夜莺的歌声》,你们想知道课文写了一些什么吗?
播放夜莺的叫声,激发学生的学习兴趣,引发学生的阅读期待。
二、初步感知,自学字词
1、自学本课生字词:
⑴ 划出生字词,借助拼音读准字音。
⑵ 不理解的词语查字典。
2、默读课文,看看这篇课文与以前所学的课文有什么不同之处,想想课文写了什么?
对课文进行整体感受知,运用所学过的阅读方法进行阅读。
三、自学情况反馈
1、检查生字:
音:翘舌音 甩 后鼻音 挺
形:“挺”不要写成“扌延” “喂”不要多加一撇
2、默读课文,看看这篇课文与以前所学的课文有什么不同之处:
⑴ 自然段很多。
⑵ 对话很多。
⑶ 课文中出现了空行。
3、作者已经给课文分好了段,我们来看看每个段落分别写了什么?
⑴ 诱敌上钩。
⑵ 巧妙传信。
⑶ 歼灭敌人。
⑷ 接受任务。
4、这篇课文主要写了什么呢?把段意连起来试试看。(小男孩子用夜莺的歌声诱敌上钩,巧妙传信,帮助游击队歼灭德国鬼子)
学习概括课文的主要内容是本学期语文学习的一个训练重点,此处先让学生概括段意,然后串起来,这也是概括课文主要内容的方法之一。
四、品读课文,深入理解
1、夜莺的歌声在文中出现了几次?找出相关的句子画出来:
⑴ 自读课文,思考上述问题。
⑵ 交流,打出字幕:
① 夜莺的歌声打破了夏日的沉寂……唱起来。
② 小孩有时候学夜莺叫,有时候……拾球果。
③ 他伸直了腰,好像有什么鸟叫声……传来。
④ 夜莺的歌声越来越响了。
⑤ 夜莺还是兴致勃勃……意思了。
⑥ 从孩子的嘴里飞出……歌声。
⑶ 读一读上述句子。
每篇课文都有一条主线,教学时紧扣课题,抓住主线展开教学,使教学条理清晰。
2、联系上下文看看夜莺的歌声分别是在什么情况下响起的?从每一次的歌声中你都知道了什么?
⑴ 默读课文,写出自己的感受。
⑵ 小组交流、讨论。
⑶ 全班交流:
第一次:
① 战斗刚结束,一小队德国兵进了村庄……弯着腰。
板书:诱敌上钩(战斗刚打完,会有少量德国兵跟部队失去了联系,所以小男孩在此等候,用歌声引诱敌人上前,以达到给他们带路,消灭他们的目的)
② 战斗给人们带来的是什么?(灾难:房屋被烧,花园被毁……)有感情地朗读第一自然段。
③ 你从哪个词知道的?(从“新的劲头”可以看出唱的人十分有劲,他这么带劲地唱,就是要诱敌上钩)理解:沉寂。
④ 有感情地朗读这句
第二次:
① 在带路的路上,麻痹敌人。
② 你是从哪些词语知道的?(有时候……有时候……有时候……)
③ 从小男孩一路上的动作,你看出了什么?
(小男孩很天真烂漫)(他很聪明,故意装出天真的样子让敌人以前他是只是一个小孩子什么也不懂,就放松警惕)(他很勇敢,在敌人面前表现自如)
板书:机智 勇敢
④ 有感情地朗读这一段话。
引导学生潜心会文,通过自读自悟,抓住重点的词语和句子体会小男的机智和勇敢,在理解的基础上进行朗读训练。在第一段中,有很多地方表现了小男孩的机智和勇敢,你们也可以采用分角色的形式朗读这一段,体会小男孩的机智和勇敢。
3、同座位分角色朗读。
4、评议:
分角色朗读应注意文中的提示语,注意人物的表情、动作以及当时的感情,相机理解:盘问、轻蔑等词语。
5、交流:
⑴ “怎么会就剩下我一个…… 倒是只有我一个!”(故意把人和动物混淆)
⑵ “刚刚一开火……野兽来了……野兽来了……就都跑了。”(骂德国兵是野兽)
⑶ “你说的是一种洋蘑菇吗?”
故意把游机队说成蘑菇,装成什么也不懂的样子,以打消敌人的戒备心理。
6、分角色练读,你喜欢读哪个角色,就练习哪个角色。
7、指名分角色朗读。
利用分角色朗读这一形式,引导学再次深入仔细地品读课文,体会小男孩对侵略者的仇恨以及小男孩的机智、勇敢。
小结:小男孩机智地和敌人周旋,利用夜莺的歌声诱敌上钩,他是怎样巧妙利用夜莺的歌声来报告敌情,帮助游击队员消灭敌人的呢,我们下节课接着学习。
一、回顾上节课内容导入新课
二、交流
第三次、四、五、六次夜莺的歌声是在什么情况下响起的?从每一次歌声中你知道了什么?
第三次:
1、从远处传来。
2、引起游击队员的注意。
3、有感情地朗读。
第四次:
1、越来越响。
2、报告敌情之后。
3、有感情地朗读。
4、质疑:
为什么游击队员能听明白歌声的意思?(小男孩经常用这种方法帮助游击队消灭敌人,他们之间已经形成了默契)
第五次:
报告完敌情之后,为了不引起敌人怀疑,因为已经完成了任务很高兴。有感情地朗读第三段。
第六次:
1、第二天,接受新任务。
2、诱敌上钩。
3、这一段和文章开头两个自然段有什么联系?(首尾呼应)
三、总结全文
小男孩机智勇敢地和敌人作斗争,巧妙地利用夜莺的歌声一次又一次地帮助游击队消灭敌人,保卫了自己的祖国。
四、写生字(略)
诱敌上钩
13、夜莺的歌声 保卫祖国 小男孩(机智、勇敢)
报告敌情
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二十三
�����â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½â·í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡â·ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹á´©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ò¶¨£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»û»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò»ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áº¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½óµäºï¿½ï¿½å¡£
�������꼶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä½×¶î£ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é¿ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����1����ê¶11�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´16���ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ù¡ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·é¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����2������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
����3����������ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����4���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����ץס�����ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����������æ£ï¿½
���������ä¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä³ì¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½í½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ø´ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµ¼ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������⣬í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������ô¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½å¼ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ô¤ï°
����1������ô¤ï°ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����2���ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����3���ã¼òµ¥µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ç°ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������æ·ï¿½ï¿½
����������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ð´ð´ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµä¾ï¿½ï¿½óºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½
������1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
������2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´êµï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����ì¶èºí²ï¿½ï¿½øµã²»í¬ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½
������3��ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½
������1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
������2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½
������1���ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
������2���ë½ï¿½ï¿½þ´ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
������3������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
������4����å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí¶ôµï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬îªï¿½â½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµæ¡£ï¿½ï¿½
����4��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½
������1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
������2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·â·ð¿´µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
������3��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ãºí»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½
����5����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����7��ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ç»ûºíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ᡰð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
����8���ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½×¥ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬æ·î¶ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ê¹ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������飬�ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ê½ï¿½î¾¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðº³£ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����塢��õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºîªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ûµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½òªï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二十四
《夜莺的歌声》(人教版四年级下册)一课讲述了苏联卫国战争时期,一个被游击队员称作小夜莺的孩子,巧妙同敌人周旋,用口哨学鸟鸣,为游击队传递信息,协助游击队歼灭德国法西斯强盗的故事。课文充分表现了“小夜莺”的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。
学生生活在社会主义的新中国,生活在和平年代,对于战争年代发生的事了解甚少,对于战争给人类带来的苦难更是不曾体会。因此对学生进行珍爱和平的教育很有必要。况且学生已经具备了一定的理解、分析能力,本节课的学习就是要让学生理解、分析含义深刻的句子,体会人物品质,心灵受到一次震撼,经受一次洗礼。从而懂得热爱自己的祖国,珍爱和平、追求和平。
新的阅读教学理念强调学生联系自己的生活体验,入情入境地读课文,把自己的感情纳入到课文的人物和情节中去,了解人物的命运和喜怒哀乐,进而体会课文表达的思想感情。本文的学习,学生将采取读、思、析、悟相结合,抓住含义深刻的句子,体会文中主人公的人物品质,受到一定的思想教育。
1、认识8个生字,会写14个生字,能正确读写“沉寂、盘问、口哨、埋伏、凝神、鬼子、汉子、烧毁、木屑、蘑菇、呻吟、宛转”等词语。
2、理解课文内容,学习苏联卫国战争中少年儿童的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。激发学生热爱和平的情感。
3、理解课文中含义深刻的句子,认识人物品质。
4、有感情地朗读课文。
抓住课文中含义深刻的句子,体会“小夜莺”机智勇敢的品质。
1、布置学生通过上网、翻阅书籍、请教大人等方式收集有关苏联卫国战争的资料。(历史背景、有关故事。)
2、没见过“夜莺”的同学,通过查资料,了解一下夜莺这种鸟。
3、回顾自己熟悉的小英雄的故事。
一、谈话激趣,导入新课
1、同学们,你们了解“夜莺”吗?谁来描述一下。
2、夜莺体态小巧玲珑,叫声清脆宛转,每当月上高楼,它就会放开歌喉,纵情歌唱。今天,就让我们一起去聆听一只勇敢的小夜莺的歌声。
3、出示课题,齐读。读了课题,你想知道些什么?
⑴ 文章是不是在写夜莺这种鸟的叫声?为什么要说是“歌声”呢?
⑵ “夜莺的歌声”有什么特殊的意义吗?……)
二、初读课文,整体感知
1、读文:
⑴ 请大家自由读全文,要求读准字音,自学生字词,读顺句子。对于自己感兴趣的内容,可以多读几遍,遇到自己读不明白的词语和句子,在书上做上记号。
⑵ 指名分部分朗读,注意正音。重点朗读难懂的句子。
2、读了课文后,你明白了什么问题?交流读后收获:
⑴ 本文讲了一个叫夜莺的小男孩的故事。
⑵ 故事发生在苏联卫国战争时期。(第二次世界大战期间)
⑶ 小男孩学夜莺叫,叫的太像了,像唱歌一样,所以叫夜莺的歌声。
⑷ 小男孩用夜莺的叫声向游击队员传递信息,游击队员消灭了这批德国鬼子。这是一曲胜利的赞歌,所以课题叫夜莺的歌声。
⑸ 我觉得文中的小夜莺很机智、很勇敢、很爱国。……
3、对于学生初步感知的内容,教师可以适当补充,比如:苏联的卫国战争。也可由学生介绍收集的资料。
三、析读领悟,体会品质
1、过渡:
同学们读得很仔细,而且还能弄明白故事发生的时代背景,现在你们面前一定浮现出了一个机智、勇敢的小夜莺。那么,你是从课文中哪些具体的语句中捕捉到小夜莺的机智、勇敢的呢?
2、学生边读边画出相关句子。
3、研读重点句子:
⑴ 要求:
读句子,联系上下文想一想,小夜莺为什么要这样说、这样做,他心里是怎么想的。德国官兵看见他这样说、这样做会怎么想。
⑵ 形式:
先自读自想,再与同桌交流。
4、出示以下句子,重点交流、讨论:
⑴ 夜莺的歌声打破了夏日的沉寂。这歌声停了一会儿,接着又用一种新的劲头唱起来。
⑵ 孩子从嘴里掏出一个小玩意儿,递给他,用快活的蓝眼睛望着他。
⑶ 怎么会就剩下我一个?这里有麻雀、乌鸦、猫头鹰,多着呢。夜莺倒是只有我一个……刚刚一开火,村子就着火了,大家都喊:“野兽来了,野兽来了……”就都跑了。
⑷ 小孩有时候学夜莺唱,有时候学杜鹃叫,胳膊一甩一甩地打着路旁的树枝,有时候弯下腰去拾球果,还用脚把球果踢起来。他好像把身边的军官完全忘了。
⑸ 你说的是一种蘑菇吗?没有,我们这里没有这种蘑菇。这里只有红蘑菇、白蘑菇,还有洋蘑菇。
⑹ 第二天,在被烧毁的村子的围墙旁边,在那小路分岔的地方,孩子又穿着那件绿上衣,坐在原来那河岸边削什么东西,并且不时回过头去,望望那通向村子的几条道路,好像在等谁似的。
5、交流时,先由一名学生谈自己的理解,重点是自己想象到的内容,其他同学听后补充。
6、交流第⑹句时,引导学生认识这句话和文章开头三个自然段的联系是首尾呼应,同时还告诉我们文中叙述的故事并不是一次偶然的巧遇。小夜莺在村口放哨是他的职责,以夜莺的歌声传递信息是他和敌人进行斗争的特殊方式。
7、指导朗读:
学生带着自己的理解来读这些句子,通过读来反映自己的理解,朗读时可将前后对话连起来读,也可边读边做动作。
四、角色朗读,情感升华
1、刚才,我们一起讨论了几个句子,通过讨论,你又有什么新的感受?
2、过渡:
同学们越来越觉得小夜莺机智、勇敢,而敌人是那么的狡猾、阴险。请同学们带着这种感受分成小组,分角色读读全文。
3、组织全班性的分角色朗读或表演对话片断,情感进一步升华。
吸引敌人
夜莺的歌声 迷惑敌人 (机智、勇敢、爱国)
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二十五
新课标在教学建议中指出:阅读是学生的个性化行为,不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践。应让学生在主动积极的思维和情感活动中,加深理解和体验,有所感悟和思考,受到情感熏陶,获得思想启迪,享受审美乐趣。要珍视学生独特的感受、体验和理解。阅读教学的重点是培养学生具有感受、理解、欣赏和评价的能力。
《夜莺的歌声》是义务教育课程标准实验教科书语文四年级上册第五组的一篇精读课文。文章讲述了苏联卫国战争时期,一个被游击队员称作“小夜莺”的孩子,巧妙同敌人周旋,用口哨伴鸟鸣,为游击队传递信息,打击敌人的故事,充分表现了“小夜莺”的机智勇敢。这篇课文以夜莺的歌声为线索进行记叙,以空行为标志,写了四部分内容:先写“小夜莺”以歌声引诱敌人上钩,接着写“小夜莺”在为敌人带路途中以歌声为游击队员传递敌情,再写在“小夜莺”的帮助下游击队员成功歼灭敌人,最后写战斗结束后“小夜莺”在村边小路旁继续吹奏着宛转的歌声。“小夜莺”的歌声自始至终贯穿着整篇课文,危险中充满勇敢镇定,紧急中充满智慧机警,一个勇敢机智的小英雄形象活脱脱地出现在读者面前。教学中一是体会“小夜莺”机智勇敢的品质,接受热爱祖国、仇恨法西斯的教育;二是学习运用联系上下文等方法体会含义深刻句子的含义。
四年级学生在处于向高年级过渡的阶段,应该逐步掌握阅读方法,形成自主的学习能力,同时四年级学生有了一定的认知能力和语言表达能力,易形成开放而又有活力的语文课堂,这些对学习本课都是十分有利的。
1、认识11个生字,会写16个字。正确读写“沉寂、盘问、口哨、埋伏、凝神、烧毁、蘑菇、呻吟、宛转、垂头丧气、以防万一、兴致勃勃”等词语。
2、理解课文内容,体会苏联卫国战争中少年儿童的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。
3、理解课文中含义深刻句子的意思。
4、有感情地朗读课文。
抓住课文中含义深刻的句子,体会“小夜莺”机智勇敢的品质。
评价设计:
《语文课程标准》指出:语文课程评价的目的不仅是为了考察学生达到学习目标的程度,更是为了检验和改进学生的语文学习和教师的教学,改善课程设计,完善教学过程,从而有效地促进学生的发展。
一、揭题导入
1、齐读课题,通过本组课文的导读语了解故事发生的背景。
2、交流对“夜莺”和“夜莺的歌声”的理解。
【设计意图:导入开门见山,简洁明快,利于学生质疑破题,直奔课文重点,着眼于提高学生认识能力的思维训练,让他们对所学内容做到心中有数,并能全面深入地了解课文内容。】
二、检查预习
1、交流预习中的发现,提出不懂的问题。
2、用简练的词语概括文章写了哪几件事。
3、用简单的语言概括“小夜莺”是个怎样的孩子。
【设计意图:“凡事预则立,不预则废”,学习也是如此。有效的课前预习可让学生的学习更轻松,更高效。而通过对预习情况的检查,教师进一步了解学情,及时调整学案和教案,做到以学定教。】
三、精读品悟
过渡语:在课文的字里行间,处处都能捕捉到“小夜莺”的机智勇敢。请同学们自读课文,划出表现“小夜莺”机智勇敢的句子,在旁边写写体会。
学生依次交流表现“小夜莺”机智勇敢的句子和读书体会。
1、通过环境描写和动作描写体会“小夜莺”的机智勇敢。
(1)通过理解“沉寂”,感受战争给人们带来的伤害,总结读书方法——联系上下文。
(2)通过“寂静”、“宁静”、“沉寂”的互换,感悟三个词语在表达“静”的意境上各有不同,体会作者用词的准确,总结读书方法——换词。
【设计意图:把“宁静、寂静、沉寂”三个意思相近 ,但程度和侧重点不同的词语放在同一个句子中朗读感悟,深化了学生对沉寂的理解。】
(3)选择恰当的词语填空,检查学生对三个词语的把握。
2、通过神态描写体会“小夜莺”的沉着冷静、机智勇敢。
(1)学生交流读书体会。
(2)学生朗读,全体齐读。
3、通过双关语体会“小夜莺”的机智勇敢。
(1)朗读带有双关语的句子,交流读书体会。
(2)了解修辞手法——双关语。
(3)快速浏览课文,找出其他带有双关语的句子。
(4)男女生分读三个句子,体会小夜莺的机智勇敢和对敌人的憎恨之情。
【设计意图:阅读是个性化的主体行为,教师无法替代。此处设计在于让学生主动地学习文章语言,加深对句子的体会、理解,为下节课的深入交流作铺垫。】
4、通过连续地动作描写体会“小夜莺”的机智勇敢。
(1)学生交流体会。
(2)通过这些动作,我们仿佛看到了一个什么样的孩子?
(3)通过朗读再现“小夜莺”的活泼和机智勇敢。
5、读写结合训练:通过动作描写,扩写小夜莺发现敌人的过程。
【设计意图:学会对连续的动作进行描写,可以使文章更清晰、更有条理。而且“模仿是儿童的天性”,借助课文指导学生学会使用连贯的动词进行描写,从一定程度上来激发学生的写作兴趣。】
6、通过“好像”体会“小夜莺”的机智勇敢,总结读书方法——抓关键词。
7、思考:是什么让一个和同学们年纪相仿的小男孩有如此的智慧和胆量? 体会“小夜莺”的爱国主义精神。
8、总结课文的写作手法——首尾呼应。
【设计意图:紧扣小夜莺的机智勇敢,抓重点段落,品味重点语句,使小夜莺机智勇敢形象更加丰满,给学生留下深刻的印象,赞美之情油然而生。】
四、总结全文、升华主题
看板书,再读课题,升华主题。
【设计意图:回环式深究课题,层层推进、层层深入,学生情感产生共鸣,从而实现心灵的震撼,达到高潮!】
五、拓展延伸
抗击法西斯侵略的战争中,还有许多人凭着自己的聪明才智与敌人斗智斗勇,还有更多的小夜莺为保护自己的祖国勇敢战斗着。让我们通过课外阅读,了解更多少年英雄的故事!
【设计意图:语文学习的外延与生活的外延相等,要把课内与课外紧密结合起来,充分利用一切可以利用的渠道,利用一切可以利用的机会,发展学生的语言,提高学生的语文能力。这一环节,除了帮助学生感悟文本外,更重要的是向学生传达大语文观的理念,并产生大语文学习的意识。】
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二十六
����
������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²á£©ò»ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ð���î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°®ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðº³£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ñ¡£´ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°®ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����âµï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾³ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï²å���ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡¢¹ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½õ»ù¡ï¿½ä¾ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
������������������ý£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ñ¡£¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����������������ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
���������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����ץס�����ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì´ï¿½ï¿½ëµè·ï¿½ê½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ûµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½
��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â¡°ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë������ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½
��������ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ì¬ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è³ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������ �����ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´òªëµï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
������ ��ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª
�����������ä£ï¿½
������ �������é¶ï¿½è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼çºå¡ï¿½
������ ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
�����������ë¿ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½
������ ���ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
������ ���â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ú¼ä£©
������ ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ñ³ª¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ð¡ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¸è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ �ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
�������������������æ·ï¿½ï¿½
�����������é£ï¿½
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
���������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
������ òªï¿½ï¿½
���������ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ð¡ò¹ýºîªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ù±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë¡£
������ ��ê½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½øµã½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½
������ ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ���ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ ��ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
������ ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ì²²ò»ë¦ò»ë¦ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½å°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
������ ��ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ðºï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ �ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½õ»ùµä´ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½î§ç½ï¿½ô±ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡â·ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô���çºó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ê±ï¿½ø¹ï¿½í·è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ë�æµä¡ï¿½
������������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµ½µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²¹³ä¡£
�������������ú¢ê¾ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½å¼è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ú´ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ê±ï¿½é½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½é±ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������õ²å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½âµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½
�����������é£ï¿½
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ä½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ü·ö³ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����������ö¯è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä·ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ô»ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������������
����ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二十七
《夜莺的歌声》是一篇讲读课文。课文讲述了苏联卫国战争时期,一个被游击队员称作小夜莺的孩子,巧妙同敌人周旋,用口哨学鸟鸣,为游击队传递信息,协助游击队歼灭德国法西斯强盗的故事。课文充分表现了“小夜莺”的机智勇敢和爱国主义精神。课文以夜莺的歌声为线索进行记叙,以空行为标志,写了三部分内容:先写“小夜莺”以歌声引诱敌人上钩;再写“小夜莺”在为敌人带路途中以歌声为游击队员传递敌情;最后写战斗结束后“小夜莺”在村边小路旁继续吹奏着宛转的歌声。“小夜莺”的歌声自始至终贯穿着整篇课文,危险中充满勇敢镇定,紧急中充满智慧机警,一个勇敢机智的小英雄形象活脱脱地出现在读者面前。
经过四年的学习和训练,学生掌握了一些阅读方法,有一定的概括分析能力,能抓住文章重点词句感悟语言、欣赏语言并具有了一定的自学能力。但是由于学生的年龄所制,对于战争与和平了解得并不多,战争的场面能从电影、电视中的镜头见到过一些,也可能从电视新闻中看到一些发生在遥远的国家中的战争。对于战争给人类带来的危害感受不会很深刻。因此学习本组课文时,要从学生现有的经验出发,师生共同广泛地搜集资料,给学生比较广阔的视野,比较翔实、感性的资料。让学生更多地了解战争,了解战争中孩子的生活,了解战争给每个人带来的灾难,只有学生有了深刻的内心感受,才会痛恨战争,呼唤和平,也才能达到本组教材的教学主旨“了解战争,呼吁和平,为世界和平做点事情”。
语文课堂提倡指导学生进行研究性阅读,也就是根据课文的中心找专题做小课题研读,指导学生用研究探索的方式来自主地阅读课文,从而获取和运用知识。这篇课文层次清楚,段落分明,语言生动,对话较多。教学时,我以“夜莺的歌声”做切入点,以学生的思维为中心,从课文的各个专题入手,让学生在主动积极的思维和情感活动中与文本对话,以读促讲,以读悟情。让学生沉浸到作品中,抓住重点词句潜心会文,另外,我还充分挖掘文本的人文素养,引导学生正确认识“战争与和平”,从而树立“热爱祖国,热爱和平,珍惜今天的幸福生活”思想。
1.有初步的独立识字能力,养成主动识字的习惯,能规范、端正、整洁地书写正楷字。
2.能对课文中不理解的地方提出疑问,体会课文中关键词句在表情达意方面的作用,初步把握文章的主要内容,体会文章表达的思想感情,能复述叙事性作品的大意,与他人交流自己的阅读感受,积累课文中的优美词语、精彩句段,在诵读过程中体验情感、领悟内容。
3.能不拘形式地写下见闻、感受和想象,注意表现自己觉得新奇有趣的或印象最深的、最受感动的内容,愿意将自己的习作读给别人听,与他人分享习作的快乐,尝试在习作中运用自己平时积累的语言材料,学会修改习作中有明显错误的词句。
4.在交谈中认真倾听,能把握主要内容并简要转述;能清楚明白地讲述见闻,具体生动地讲述故事。
5.能提出学习和生活中的问题,结合语文学习,观察自然和社会,运用书面和口头结合的方式表达自己的观察所得;在趣味语文活动中学习语文、学会合作,尝试运用语文知识和能力解决简单问题。
1.认识27个生字,会写28个生字;能会写会运用30个词语;会读会认24个词语。
2.正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。
3.理解含义较深的句子含义,体会文章表达的真挚情感,从中受到熏陶感染。
4.树立热爱和平、维护和平的信念。
1.认识8个生字;会写14个生字;能正确读写“沉寂、盘问、口哨、埋伏、凝神、鬼子、汉子、烧毁、木屑、蘑菇、呻吟、宛转”等词语。
2.能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。
3.读懂课文,懂得“夜莺的歌声”的真正含义,体会文章所表现出的小夜莺的机智勇敢以及与敌人斗争到底的爱国精神。
4.巩固“前后照应,首尾连贯”的训练要点。
重点:正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,理解课文主要内容,体会小夜莺的机智勇敢。了解课文1-3自然段和最后2个自然段的相互照应。
难点:懂得“夜莺的歌声”真正含义,领会文中重点句子的含义。
多媒体教学课件。
1.收看有关战争题材的电影、电视。
2.搜集战争给人类带来灾难的有关材料。
3.了解目前世界上有哪些地方还弥漫着战争硝烟,那里的人们生活情况是怎样的。
1.同学们,你们知道夜莺吗?你们听过它们的歌声吗?(板书:夜莺。)
2.播放夜莺歌唱的录音。
3.过渡语:夜莺体态小巧玲珑,叫声清脆宛转。每当月上高楼,它就会放开歌喉纵情歌唱。今天,就让我们穿过时光隧道,一起走进1941年的苏联卫国战争,走近一只勇敢的夜莺,去聆听他神奇、机智的歌声吧!
4.板书课题──夜莺的歌声。(补充)
【设计意图】引起学生的阅读兴趣是一堂课成功的开始。语文课上听鸟鸣声,既是调动气氛,又切合文章主题。
1.检测预学情况,这个故事发生在苏联的卫国战争时期,关于卫国战争你了解多少?
2.自由读课文,出示朗读提示。
(1)读准字音,读通句子。
(2)想想课文围绕“夜莺的歌声”主要讲了一件什么事?课文是按什么顺序记叙的?
(3)这篇课文在结构上有什么与以往课文不同的地方吗?全完共有几部分?四个部分分别讲什么?能不能分别用几个词语概括下作为小标题?
3.交流归纳。
(1)战争期间,“小夜莺”巧妙地和敌人周旋,利用夜莺的歌声传送情报,帮助游击队消灭敌人。课文是按事情发展的顺序记叙的。
(2)这篇课文每个部分以空行隔开。
全文共有四部分。
第一部分:唱歌巧周旋。
第二部分:歌声传情报。
第三部分:森林灭敌人。
第四部分:唱歌站岗哨。
【设计意图】本篇课文篇幅较长,适宜学生交流研读,这样才能在最短的时间内更快地抓住主要内容,理清脉络。
1.这个故事很精彩,请大家分小组学习,组内同学一起合作分角色读课文,把自己认为写得精彩的句子画下来。
2.各组就课文的四部分,分别进行自学,画精彩句子。
3.交流精彩句子,读句子,各小组简单说说自己的理解。
重点句子:
(1)夜莺的歌声打破了夏日的沉寂。这歌声停了一会儿,接着又用一股新的劲头唱起来。
(2)有时候学夜莺 ,有时候学杜鹃叫。胳膊一甩一甩地打着路旁的树枝,有时候弯下腰去拾球果,还用脚把球果踢起来。
(3)夜莺的歌声越来越响了。
从孩子的嘴里飞出宛转的夜莺的歌声。这歌声,即使是听惯了鸟叫的人也觉察不出跟真夜莺的有什么两样。
【设计意图】阅读是个性化的主体行为,教师无法替代。此处设计在于让学生主动地学习文章语言,对句子的体会、理解是浅表的。教师应随机予以点拨指导,重在保护阅读积极性,为下节课的深入交流做铺垫。
1.摘录文中含义深刻的句子。
2.推荐阅读:《红红的雨花石》。
【设计意图】加强课内外联系,沟通课内外阅读,适度拓展和延伸。
1.听写生词,检测改错。
沉寂 盘问 口哨 埋伏 凝神 鬼子 汉子 烧毁 木屑 蘑菇 呻吟 宛转
2.板书课题:夜莺的歌声。
“夜莺的歌声”在本课中有什么特殊的含义吗?(小孩利用夜莺的歌声来传递情报。)
3.质疑过渡。
小“夜莺”是怎样与敌人巧妙周旋、为游击队传递情报的呢?这节课我们一起来深入读课文。
1.课文中几次写到了夜莺的歌声?找出文中相关句子,多读几遍,看看你明白了什么?
2.分别出示三处写夜莺歌声的段落,随机指导感悟。
出示第2自然段:“夜莺的歌声打破了夏日的沉寂。这歌声停了一会儿,接着又用一股新的劲头唱起来。”
(1)这段话描述了什么情景?
(2)联系第1、3自然段,想想:你读明白了什么?
引导学生抓住“士兵们和军官注意听着”“他光着头,穿一件颜色跟树叶差不多的绿上衣”等词句,体会小孩唱得起劲是为了引起敌人的注意,才好把敌人带进埋伏圈,表现出勇敢。
(3)仔细读小孩和军官的对话,你从哪些地方能看出小孩在和敌人巧妙周旋?指名两学生分角色读这段对话,再交流体会。
抓住“孩子赶紧把小刀放到衣袋里”“快活的蓝眼睛”“学杜鹃叫”“夜莺倒是只有我一个”“不慌不忙地回答”“野兽来了”“很有信心地回答”等词句,引导学生在交流讨论中体会孩子与敌人巧妙地周旋:表面装傻,实际言语讽刺敌人、迷惑敌人相信他。
(4)这部分还有哪些地方表现了小孩的机智,在与军官巧妙地周旋?
同以上方法,引导学生抓住第一部分最后5个自然段品味词句,体会意思。
3.第二部分第5、6自然段:“夜莺的歌声越来越响了,……一边用手打着拍子。”
(1)这里描述的“夜莺的歌声”写的是什么情景?(传递情报。)
(2)自读这部分课文,具体说说小孩是怎样传递情报的?
(3)同桌一起读第二部分课文。
4.第四部分最后两个自然段。
(1)你读懂了什么?从最后一句话你看出了什么?(小孩学夜莺唱歌以假乱真,才能更好地迷惑敌人。)
(2)这两段话和前面哪部分课文相似?分男女生对比读前三段和这两段,之间有什么联系?(首尾呼应,小孩唱歌实际是在放哨。)
【设计意图】课文重点在于对“夜莺的歌声”的理解,因此教学时不需要逐段分析,只需以课题为切入点,抓住三处“夜莺的歌声”作发散点,以点带面,即可引导学生联系上下文,挖掘文字内在,体会人物品质。
文章以浓重的笔墨谱写小夜莺引诱敌人进入游击队的伏击圈,而对游击队员的描写则着墨极少。
语感训练:“战斗胜利了,几个游击队员围着小夜莺……”
【设计意图】抓住这一语言“空白”,引导学生走进课文所描绘的语言情境之中,去朗读,去感受,去想象,贴近书中的人物,与他们一同分享胜利的喜悦,产生心灵上的共鸣。在语感训练中提高学生的表达能力。
1.学完课文后,小夜莺给你留下了怎样的印象?
2.面对凶恶的敌人,小夜莺为什么能够如此沉着、机智、勇敢呢?用以下词语,说一段话来回答这个问题。(憎恨敌人 临危不惧 热爱祖国 应变自如 毫无惧色 坦然自若)
【设计意图】抓住关键词,再次总结、体会“小夜莺”机智勇敢的品质,水到渠成地称赞小夜莺。
1.阅读、搜集小英雄故事,选择观看《小兵张嘎》《鸡毛信》《铁蹄下的村庄》等小英雄影片。
2.你想对文中的“小夜莺”说点什么吗?动笔写一写。
【设计意图】加强课内外联系,沟通课内外阅读。语文的外延和生活的外延相等,让学生搜集故事可以培养学生动手动脑能力,与文中主人公对话可以联系生活实际,实现课堂与生活的完美结合。
夜莺的歌声(宛转)
巧周旋
传情报 机智
灭敌人 勇敢
站岗哨 热爱祖国
夜莺的歌声第二课时教学设计 夜莺的歌声课件篇二十八
����
������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ð���î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òºí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ñ¡£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½â·í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½é£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡â·ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹á´©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ò¶¨£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»û»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò»ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´óµï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¾ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ô¶ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ã·ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ë½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²äµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡±ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á³«ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¶à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½äµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ð£ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½øµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ç±ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡±ë¼ï¿½ë¡£
����
����1���ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½öµï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ü¹æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����2���ü¶ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
����3���ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ä»ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ô¸ï¿½â½«ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ê¾ä¡£
����4���ú½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����5�������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ïµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
����1����ê¶27�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´28�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½30������������24�����
����2����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����3�����⺬�����ä¾ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õ¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½
����4�������è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����
����1����ê¶8�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´14�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡¢¹ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½õ»ù¡ï¿½ä¾ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����2������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����3���������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�����ì¡ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡±ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ã¡£
����
�����øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��3��è»ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����è»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½
�����ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµäºï¿½ï¿½å¡£
����
����
������ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1���õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµäµï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����2���ñ¼ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����3���ë½ï¿½ä¿ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
����
����
����1��í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ò¹ýºï¿½è³ªï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�������ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ì¬ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è³ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½1941�����������õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½
����4��������⩤��ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£©
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¿î³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
����1�����ô¤ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½
����2�����é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
������1����׼��������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
������2���������î§ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ê²ã´ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
������3����æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ê¹²ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ö±ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ü·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¿
����3���������é¡ï¿½
������1��õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
������2����æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����è«ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ö£ï¿½é������ë¡ï¿½
�������ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£
����
����1��������âºü¾ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªð´ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½êµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������í¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����3���������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�����øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
������1��ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýº ����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ì²²ò»ë¦ò»ë¦ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½å°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3��ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
�����óºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµã²¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½îªï¿½â½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµæ¡£
����
����1��õªâ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����2���æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»¨ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£
����
����
����1����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� �õ»ï¿½ ä¾ð¼ ä¢ï¿½ï¿½ ���� ��ת
����2��������⣺ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����é¹ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
����1�������ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����2���ö±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½2��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1����î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½
������2����ïµï¿½ï¿½1��3��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºí¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½î²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½è´ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½×¢ï¿½â£¬ï¿½åºã°ñµï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò¡ï¿½
������3����ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ùµä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
����ץס�����ó¸ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½å¾ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ã¦ï¿½ø»ø´ð¡±¡ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø»ø´ð¡±µè´ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áº¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°éµï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������4���ⲿ�ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5����è»ï¿½ï¿½æ·î¶ï¿½ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½5��6��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1�����������ä¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2���ô¶ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ä£ï¿½
������3��í¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����4�����ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
������1���������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2�������î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±è¶ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ô¡ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����
����������å¨ï¿½øµä±ï¿½ä«ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½óµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½
�������ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±î§ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½õ°×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½è¥ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½
����2������׶�äµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºîªê²ã´ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ëµò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���þ¾ï¿½é« ì¹è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½á¡°ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½
����
����1���ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½û¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã«ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä´ï¿½×¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ó°æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
����2����������ðµä¡ï¿½ð¡ò¹ýºï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ð£¿¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»ð´ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½êµï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����
����ò¹ýºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½
����������
�������鱨 ����
��������� �â¸ï¿½
����õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

一键复制