作为一名专为他人授业解惑的人民教师,就有可能用到教案,编写教案助于积累教学经验,不断提高教学质量。优秀的教案都具备一些什么特点呢?下面是小编为大家带来的优秀教案范文,希望大家可以喜欢。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇一
《题西林壁》这是苏轼游庐山时写在西林寺墙壁上的一首诗。这首诗形象地描绘了庐山雄伟壮观的景象。诗的头两句写所见,概括叙述游览庐山的总体印象。“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同”,强调因从不同的角度看庐山,所以看到的景象都不相同。后两句写所感,讲了从看庐山的经历中所悟出的道理。“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”,要想认识事物的本质,必须客观、全面地把握,冷静地分析,才能不被局部现象所迷惑。《题西林壁》这首诗重在说理,借物喻理,诗中有理。
1.知识能力目标:有感情的朗读、背诵和默写古诗,了解诗句的意思。
2.过程方法目标:学习如何让学生解读诗歌。
3.情感态度价值观目标:培养学生对古诗文的兴趣,热爱古诗文,学会全面看待问题。
通过理解诗意,体会诗中蕴含的深刻的人生道理。
体会诗中描绘的景象。
课件。
一课时。
1、把孩子们分成四组,每组排成一排,每个组员快速出列观察队形。先站在正面看,再站到侧面看。
2、每组派代表交流观察到的结果,并说说为什么会看到这样的现象,由此得出站的角度不同,观察到的结果也就不同的结论。
3、老师顺势导入:今天我们学的古诗也和观察的角度有关系,这会是一首写什么的诗呢?齐读课题。
1、用自己的方式理解课题的意思。老师简介题壁诗。作者在西林寺的墙壁上会题些什么呢?让我们也跟随大诗人一起去浏览一番,领略其中的滋味。
2、选择自己喜欢的部分进行朗读,也可以是全诗。练习后抽读进行指导;师生轮流读;男女生分别读;全班朗读。要求读出自己的感受。
3、交流自己理解的和不懂的地方,解决疑难点。
1、读“诗”百遍,其义自见。相信同学们对这首诗一定有了自己的了解和感受。刚才你们和诗人游的是有“匡庐奇秀甲天下”之美誉的——庐山。还记得另外一个诗人也在浏览庐山之时,情不自禁地写下了一首《望庐山瀑布》。还记得吗?
(齐背)
2、两个诗人一山一水,写出了不同的意境。李白着重写的是瀑布飞流直下的壮观,苏轼从——(引导学生说出横、侧、远、近、高、低)各个角度写了庐山的雄伟壮丽。你想从哪个角度来欣赏这巍峨挺拔的庐山呢?(学生自由选择喜欢的角度,师因势出示相关图片)
3、站在这个角度,你看到的庐山是——(引导学生进行想象,描述自己的所见所想。)播放音乐,带领学生进入情境,闭眼想象,用笔画下脑海中呈现的景象,然后再全班交流。(分别从横、侧、远、近、高、低不同角度想象。)
4、师引导理解说出:横向看到的庐山是一座座连绵起伏的山岭;侧面看到的却是高耸的山峰;(横看到的是庐山的“长”,侧看到的是庐山的“高”。)无论是从远处眺望、近处细看,还是从高处俯瞰,低处仰望,庐山都呈现出它变化多姿的面貌,让人不得不惊叹大自然的鬼斧神工。
1、同是庐山,我们却能看到那么多千姿百态的景象,是因为我们“移步”,让庐山“换形”。我们以前也学过一篇有“移步换形”效果的文章,是——《画杨桃》。背诵“提起杨桃,大家都很熟悉。但是,看的角度不同,杨桃的样子也就不一样,有时候看起来真像个五角星。因此,当我们看见别的人把杨桃画成五角星的时候,不要忙着发笑,要看看人家是从什么角度看的。我们应该相信自己的眼睛,看到是什么样的就画成什么样。”我们这首《题西林壁》,也是要告诉大家—— 站的角度不同,看到的也就不同。但是,我们只看到片面的时候,不要忙着下结论,而是要客观、全面地去观察、去发现,才能真正地认识到事物的全面和根本。这也是诗人在游庐山后的心得,也是他想告诉世人的道理。所以“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”也成了世人传诵的千古名句。我们平时说的“当局者迷,旁观者清”也正是此理。
2、那如果我们要看清庐山的真面目,你们觉得要如何去看,才能完整地看清它的样子呢?
3、其实在我们生活中,也有很多“不识庐山真面目”的时候,不管是看景,还是看物,或是看人,都有自己片面的一面。不知道同学们有没有遇到过这样的情况。带领学生在校园内以不同的角度观察校园,再站到楼顶看全貌,感知“不识学校真面目,只缘身在校园中”。然后再让学生举例,也可老师举例引导。
苏轼由黄州贬赴汝州任团练副使时经过九江,游览庐山。瑰丽的山水触发逸兴壮思,于是写下了若干首庐山记游诗。《题西林壁》是游观庐山后的总结,另外还有四首,同学们可以在课后继续了解学习,相信大家在不同的诗里,还可以看到更多的庐山的美和诗人丰富的感情。
初入庐山国 登庐山怀李十使君渤
青山若无素,偃蹇不相亲。 读书庐山中,作郡庐山下。
要识庐山面,他年是故人。 平湖浸山脚,云峰对虚榭。
自昔怀清赏,神游杳霭间。 红蕖纷欲落,白鸟时来下。
如今不是梦,真个是庐山。 犹思隐居胜,乱石惊湍泻。
芒鞋青竹杖,自挂百钱游。
可怪深山里,无人识故侯。
过庐山下 过圆通诗
乱云欲霾山,势与飘风南。 石耳峰头路接天,梵音堂下月临泉。
群侪相应和,勇往事骖骠。 此生初饮庐山水,他日徒参雪窦禅。
可怜荟蔚中,时出紫翠岚。 袖里宝书犹未出,梦中飞盖已先传。
雁没失东岭,龙腾出西龛。 何人更识嵇中散,野鹤昂藏未见仙。
一时供坐笑,百态变立谈。
暴雨破坱圠,清飚扫浑涵。
廓然归何处,陋矣安足戡。
亭亭紫霄峰,窈窈白石庵。
五老数松雪,双溪落天潭。
虽云默祷应,已有移文惭。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二
����
�����������ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ê±ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½î°×³ï¿½ûµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó¡£¡ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·å£¬ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è¿ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¶¼²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ó¿ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹û¡ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ä¾²ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ó¡£¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1.öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ä¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����2.���ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è¡£
����3.���ì¬ï¿½è¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½
����
����
����1���ñºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³ï¿½ò»ï¿½å£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù³ï¿½ï¿½ð¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ìµ½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµîªê²ã´ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´ëµã³ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ìµ½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����3����ê¦ë³ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ò²ï¿½í¹û²ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½?������⡣
����
����1�����ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½?������ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½;ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;��å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½;è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
����3�������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºí²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£
����
����1������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ö®ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
����(�뱳)
����2������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ò»é½ò»ë®ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½âµï¿½×³ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½à¡¢ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)�����ç¶ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½í¦ï¿½îµï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½?(ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶è£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬)
����3��õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£)�������ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½öµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(�ö±ï¿½óºá¡¢ï¿½à¡¢ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
����4��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿´µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½;���濴����è´ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½;(�ῴ������â®é½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)�����ç´ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ó¸ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î«£ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹¤¡ï¿½
����
����1��í¬ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ë°ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ò²ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½í²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½òªã¦ï¿½å·ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç¶è¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ õ¾ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½òªã¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½í¹û¡ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½û²ì¡¢è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµã£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ëµï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
����3����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ðºü¶à¡°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è¹û²ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������é»ï¿½ï¿½ý±á¸°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë·á¸»ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����
��������â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ ��â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ ����â®é½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����òªê¶â®é½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿¡ï¿½
�������������í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ ��þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����������î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½
����ã¢ð¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ò°ï¿½ç®ï¿½î¡ï¿½
�����é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½êºî¡£
������â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ô²í¨ê«
������������é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èªï¿½ï¿½
����èºù��ó¦ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��������â®é½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������îµï¿½ð£ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½á°¡ï¿½ ���ﱦ����î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ã»ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£ ���ë¸ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
����ò»ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½
���������æˆt�l�����é¨ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½
������è»ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âªï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¬¡ï¿½
����í¤í¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
������������ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ë«ïªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½
��������ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ñ¡ï¿½
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇三
教学目标:
1、通过查字典或有关资料,初步了解诗句的意思,能够大致理解诗句中描述的情景。
2、想象诗句描绘的景象,引导学生理解“身在最高层”和“身在次山中”看峰、认识事物的不同,理解诗句蕴含的站得高才能看得远,当局者迷,旁观者清的道理。
3、有感情地朗读两首诗,并背诵、默写。
教学过程:
登飞来峰
(宋)王安石
飞来峰上千寻塔,闻说鸡鸣见日升。
不畏浮云遮望眼,只缘身在最高层。
一、读诗题,老师作简要提示,理解诗题,简介作者。(飞来峰:杭州西湖灵隐寺附近。)
二、初读古诗,自学检查。
思考:
1、这是一首写什么的诗?
2、诗人看到的是一幅怎样的景象?
三、深入理解诗句。
1、飞来峰上千寻塔,闻说鸡鸣见日升。
理解“寻”、“闻说”。
理解诗意:“我”登上飞来峰顶高高的塔,听说每天黎明鸡叫的时候,在这儿可以看见太阳升起。
2、不畏浮云遮望眼,只缘身在最高层。
理解“缘”。
诗人为什么“不畏浮云遮望眼”?
3、读古诗,说说诗人写这首古诗有什么用意?
四、用自己的话说古诗的大意。
五、指导朗读。
六、练习背诵。
题西林壁
(宋)苏轼
横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。
不识庐山真面目,只缘身在次山中。
一、介绍诗人“苏轼”,回忆学过的苏轼的诗,导入新课。
二、解题:西林壁,即西林寺的墙壁,西林寺在庐山北麓。
三、理解诗意。
1、横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。
诗意:从正面横着看庐山,是连绵起伏的雄伟山岭;从侧面看庐山,是峭拔高峻的山峰。
2、不识庐山真面目,只缘身在次山中。
诗意:看不清,认不准庐山真实的雄伟山势。只因为自己在庐山之中,看来看去,只能看见庐山的一部分,不可能一眼看到庐山的全貌。
3、齐读古诗,指导朗读,评议。
四、思考:
1、哪些诗句写景?哪些诗句说理?
2、“只缘身在此山中”诗人所指的只是庐山一座山吗?你对此还有什么理解?
一、自己的话说说古诗的大意,体会诗人写诗的用意。
六、练习背诵。
七、拓展延伸:
1、补充李白的《望庐山瀑布》、王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》,对比地读一读,增加积累。
说说自己登山观景的体会。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇四
������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º
����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ã¡±ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ã¸ß²ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
�����ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯
������������ç§ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ã¡£
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ê«ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������������ê«ï¿½ä¡£
����1����������ç§ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������⡰ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê«ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶¥ï¿½ß¸ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ã¡£
�������⡰ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê«ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµê«ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¿
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�����塢ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
���������ö±ï¿½
�������î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ῴ�����é·å£¬ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½
�����������⣺���ö±ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ç½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ï¿½
������������ê«ï¿½â¡£
����1���ῴ�����é·å£¬ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����ê«ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°é½ï¿½ë£»ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½æ¿´â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°î¸ß¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½å¡£
����2����ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����ê«ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï²ï¿½×¼â®é½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°é½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²ï¿½ï¿½
����3�������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
�����ä¡ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ð©ê«ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê«ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¿
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
�����ߡ���õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£º
����1��������׵ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸â¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±èµø¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����ëµëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇五
1.流利、有感情地朗读和背诵古诗。
2.抓住关键词句,读中感悟,理解诗人表达的思想感情,培养学生热爱大自然的完美思想感情。
3.复习以前学过的古诗。
(一)激趣导入
1.导入
同学们,你们以前学过那些古诗啊,还记得吗?谁来背给大家听听?(学生踊跃背诗)
2.读题
真不错你们会背这么多的古诗。今日我们来学习一首新古诗《题西林壁》(齐读课题)
3.解题
你们明白吗?《题西林壁》中的题是什么意思?你是怎样明白的?那么整个题目的意思你明白吗?(在西林寺的墙壁上题诗)
4.介绍题壁诗
(二)学习古诗
1.过度
是谁在西林寺的墙壁上题诗呢?(苏轼)那我们一齐去欣赏一下苏轼的这首题壁诗。
2.自由读诗
3.读完了这首古诗,你有什么体会啊(自由说说)
4.解读第一句
a.出示句子
b.指明朗读
c.我们伟大是诗人是从那些方面来写庐山的,请找出这句话中表示方位的字词
横:正面;侧:侧面;远、近、高、低
d.从正面看到的庐山是怎样样的?侧面呢?(展示课件)
e.此时你们的心境是什么样的?
f.庐山是如此雄伟、壮丽,你们能用自我的朗读表达出来吗?(自由读指名读)
g.作者从不一样的角度观察,结果却不一样,你们有没有碰到过这种事情啊,举个例子说说。
5.解读第二句
a.你们认为作者看清楚了庐山的真面目吗?为什么?
b.出示第二句,解释缘的意思。
c.你认为怎样才能看清庐山的真面目?
d.是小结:我们看事情也一样,要从不一样的角度去分析,看待事情要看全部,不要片面化。
(三)背诵古诗
1.自由读
2.指明背诵:不会背的能够跟着轻声的读,会背的能够轻声的跟着背。
3.齐背
(四)拓展训练
1.复习:我们以前还学过哪些描述庐山的古诗?
2.课后自我找一找还有那些古诗是描述庐山的?
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇六
����
����1.�������ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2.ץס�ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����3.��ï°ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1.����
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë�����������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ó»ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2.����
�����治�����ç»á±³ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
����3.����
�������������𣿡������ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����4.�������ê«
����������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«
����1.����
������ë�������âµï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2.���é¶ï¿½ê«
����3.���������׹�ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½á°¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½
����4.�����ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����a����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����b��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½
����c������î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´â®é½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ð±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½
�����᣺���棻�ࣺ���棻ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����d.�����濴����â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����e.��ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����f.â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����g.���ߴó²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶è¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½
����5.����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����a.������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����b.��ê¾ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����c.����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����d.��ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ó²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªæ¬ï¿½æ»¯ï¿½ï¿½
�������������ð¹ï¿½ê«
����1.���é¶ï¿½
����2.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á±³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á±³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3.�뱳
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñµï¿½ï¿½
����1.��ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2.�îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇七
《题西林壁》这是苏轼游庐山时写在西林寺墙壁上的一首诗。这首诗形象地描绘了庐山雄伟壮观的景象。诗的头两句写所见,概括叙述游览庐山的总体印象。“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同”,强调因从不同的角度看庐山,所以看到的景象都不相同。后两句写所感,讲了从看庐山的经历中所悟出的道理。“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”,要想认识事物的本质,必须客观、全面地把握,冷静地分析,才能不被局部现象所迷惑。《题西林壁》这首诗重在说理,借物喻理,诗中有理。
1.知识能力目标:有感情的朗读、背诵和默写古诗,了解诗句的意思。
2.过程方法目标:学习如何让学生解读诗歌。
3.情感态度价值观目标:培养学生对古诗文的兴趣,热爱古诗文,学会全面看待问题。
通过理解诗意,体会诗中蕴含的深刻的人生道理。
体会诗中描绘的景象。
课件。
一课时。
(一)导入。
1、把孩子们分成四组,每组排成一排,每个组员快速出列观察队形。先站在正面看,再站到侧面看。
2、每组派代表交流观察到的结果,并说说为什么会看到这样的现象,由此得出站的角度不同,观察到的结果也就不同的结论。
3、老师顺势导入:今天我们学的古诗也和观察的角度有关系,这会是一首写什么的诗呢?齐读课题。
二、熟读古诗,整体感知。
1、用自己的方式理解课题的意思。老师简介题壁诗。作者在西林寺的墙壁上会题些什么呢?让我们也跟随大诗人一起去浏览一番,领略其中的滋味。
2、选择自己喜欢的部分进行朗读,也可以是全诗。练习后抽读进行指导;师生轮流读;男女生分别读;全班朗读。要求读出自己的感受。
3、交流自己理解的和不懂的地方,解决疑难点。
三、启发想象,理解诗意。
1、读“诗”百遍,其义自见。相信同学们对这首诗一定有了自己的了解和感受。刚才你们和诗人游的是有“匡庐奇秀甲天下”之美誉的——庐山。还记得另外一个诗人也在浏览庐山之时,情不自禁地写下了一首《望庐山瀑布》。还记得吗?
(齐背)
2、两个诗人一山一水,写出了不同的意境。李白着重写的是瀑布飞流直下的壮观,苏轼从——(引导学生说出横、侧、远、近、高、低)各个角度写了庐山的雄伟壮丽。你想从哪个角度来欣赏这巍峨挺拔的庐山呢?(学生自由选择喜欢的角度,师因势出示相关图片)
3、站在这个角度,你看到的庐山是——(引导学生进行想象,描述自己的所见所想。)播放音乐,带领学生进入情境,闭眼想象,用笔画下脑海中呈现的景象,然后再全班交流。(分别从横、侧、远、近、高、低不同角度想象。)
4、师引导理解说出:横向看到的庐山是一座座连绵起伏的山岭;侧面看到的却是高耸的山峰;(横看到的是庐山的“长”,侧看到的是庐山的“高”。)无论是从远处眺望、近处细看,还是从高处俯瞰,低处仰望,庐山都呈现出它变化多姿的面貌,让人不得不惊叹大自然的鬼斧神工。
四、产生共鸣,领悟道理。
1、同是庐山,我们却能看到那么多千姿百态的景象,是因为我们“移步”,让庐山“换形”。我们以前也学过一篇有“移步换形”效果的文章,是——《画杨桃》。背诵“提起杨桃,大家都很熟悉。但是,看的角度不同,杨桃的样子也就不一样,有时候看起来真像个五角星。因此,当我们看见别的人把杨桃画成五角星的时候,不要忙着发笑,要看看人家是从什么角度看的。我们应该相信自己的眼睛,看到是什么样的就画成什么样。”我们这首《题西林壁》,也是要告诉大家—— 站的角度不同,看到的也就不同。但是,我们只看到片面的时候,不要忙着下结论,而是要客观、全面地去观察、去发现,才能真正地认识到事物的全面和根本。这也是诗人在游庐山后的心得,也是他想告诉世人的道理。所以“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”也成了世人传诵的千古名句。我们平时说的“当局者迷,旁观者清”也正是此理。
2、那如果我们要看清庐山的真面目,你们觉得要如何去看,才能完整地看清它的样子呢?
3、其实在我们生活中,也有很多“不识庐山真面目”的时候,不管是看景,还是看物,或是看人,都有自己片面的一面。不知道同学们有没有遇到过这样的情况。带领学生在校园内以不同的角度观察校园,再站到楼顶看全貌,感知“不识学校真面目,只缘身在校园中”。然后再让学生举例,也可老师举例引导。
五、课后拓展。
苏轼由黄州贬赴汝州任团练副使时经过九江,游览庐山。瑰丽的山水触发逸兴壮思,于是写下了若干首庐山记游诗。《题西林壁》是游观庐山后的总结,另外还有四首,同学们可以在课后继续了解学习,相信大家在不同的诗里,还可以看到更多的庐山的美和诗人丰富的感情。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇八
����
�����������ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ê±ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½î°×³ï¿½ûµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó¡£¡ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·å£¬ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è¿ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¶¼²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ó¿ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹û¡ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ä¾²ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ó¡£¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ä¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����2.���ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è¡£
����3.���ì¬ï¿½è¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£
���������ñºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³ï¿½ò»ï¿½å£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù³ï¿½ï¿½ð¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½
��������ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ìµ½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµîªê²ã´ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´ëµã³ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ìµ½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����������ê¦ë³ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ò²ï¿½í¹û²ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½
�����������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
�������������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºí²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£
��������������������ê«ï¿½â¡£
������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ö®ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������뱳��
������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ò»é½ò»ë®ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½âµï¿½×³ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½à¡¢ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½í¦ï¿½îµï¿½â®é½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶è£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
��������õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½öµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½óºá¡¢ï¿½à¡¢ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡££ï¿½
��������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿´µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ë£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é½ï¿½å£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ó¸ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î«£ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹¤¡ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������í¬ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ë°ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ò²ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½í²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½òªã¦ï¿½å·ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç¶è¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ õ¾ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½òªã¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½í¹û¡ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½û²ì¡¢è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµã£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ëµï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ðºü¶à¡°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è¹û²ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����塢�îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
���������é»ï¿½ï¿½ý±á¸°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë·á¸»ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇九
新授课
1课时
1、知识与本事目标
学生能搜集相关资料了解诗人苏轼及其作品;学生能结合注释理清诗歌资料,明白蕴含的哲理;有感情地朗读、背诵并默写古诗。
2、过程与方法目标
经过朗读体悟,学生能够感受诗歌的意境美,掌握初步阅读诗歌的方法。
3、情感、态度与价值观目标
培养对古诗文的兴趣,热爱古诗文,学会全面看待问题。
经过理解诗意,体会诗中蕴含的深刻的人生道理。
有感情诵读古诗,领略庐山的神奇秀美。
多媒体课件
一、情境导入,激发兴趣
教师边播放音乐,边ppt滚动展示庐山风光,提问:“欣赏了浙西风景,你们感觉怎样样”学生自由回答,教师总结导入新课“那里山清水秀,云雾弥漫,到处都是鸟语花香,那里的流泉飞瀑,更是吸引了无数文人墨客。
唐代大诗人李白曾留下‘飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天’的佳句,宋代大诗人苏轼来到那里,也写下了千古名篇,我们一齐学习走进诗歌《题西林壁》!”
二、解诗题,知作者
1、探究诗题,请学生结合注释理解诗题意思。(书写在西林寺墙壁上的诗)
2、了解作者,请学生介绍课前搜集的关于作者生平资料,教师总结补充。(苏轼是中国北宋文学家、书画家。字子瞻,号东坡居士。宋代眉州人。父苏洵、弟苏辙都是著名古文学家,世称“三苏”他一生坎坷,屡遭贬谪。本文是苏轼在被贬途中经过庐山时写下的五首游记诗之一。)
三、读准音,体韵味
1、学生自由朗读古诗,都准字音,读得字正腔圆,教师巡视,并相机指导;
2、同桌直接按互读,互相指正;
3、教师范读,学生感知朗读语调、停顿、轻重音、快慢等;
4、指明学生范读;
5、全班齐读古诗。
四、抓字眼,明诗意
1、提问:这首诗每句话是什么意思
要求:小组合作,学生根据注释,试着解释诗句意思,在学习过程中,试着提出不懂的问题,大家一齐解决,教师巡视,对个小组学习作必要指导。
2、提问:引导学生理解“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不一样”的意思
明确:“横看”正面看,“岭”与“峰”的不一样,想象从远处看、近处看、高处看、低处看还会有什么不一样的景色。
3、提问:引导学生展开联想,在不一样的时间、不一样的人、不一样的心境下看到庐山会是怎样的景象。
明确:观察的角度不一样,结果就会不一样。
4、提问:说说“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”的意思。
明确:我们之所以认不清庐山的真面目,是因为自我身在这庐山之中。
5、提问:结合生活实际,理解诗人为什么身在此山中反而认不清庐山的面目。明确:当局者迷,旁观者清。
五、诵诗歌,悟诗理
提问:作者为什么要描述庐山
(作者喜爱庐山)作者从多个角度,细致地观察了庐山,简洁而生动地描绘了庐山的奇特景象,可见他对庐山的奇丽景色流连忘返。你们说,你们能不能把作者那赞美之情用优美的嗓子朗读出来?好,此刻让我们用自我喜爱的方式朗读这首古诗。
六、巩固小结,延伸认知
教师放配乐朗诵全诗,学生总结自我的收获。
七、布置作业
背诵诗歌。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十
�������ú¿ï¿½
����1��ê±
����
����1��öªê¶ï¿½ë±¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·;ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;�ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ä¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������뷽��ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
���������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����ð¡ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
���������ô¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
������������ê«ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤
������ê¦ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ppt����õ¹ê¾â®é½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ø´ð£¬½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ü½áµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»¨ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä«ï¿½í¡ï¿½
�����æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¯ï¿½ä¼ñ¾ä£¬ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ò²ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ß½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½!��
����������ê«ï¿½â£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½(��ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê«)
����2���ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ü½á²¹ï¿½ä¡£(�������ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ê±ð´ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ê«ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½)
����������׼��������î¶
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½;
����2��í¬ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½;
����3����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;
����4��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;
����5��è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½×¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ã¿ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼
����òªï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·å£¬ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼
������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ë¡°ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ä²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ú²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»á²»ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�����ê£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ö®ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����5�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·:�������ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
�����塢��ê«ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½
����(����ï²ï¿½ï¿½â®é½)���ߴó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¸ï¿½âµø¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¿é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?�ã£ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
������������ð¡ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ê«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½
�����ߡ�������òµ
��������ê«ï¿½è¡£
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十一
教学目标
1.有感情地朗读并背诵、默写古诗。
2.体会诗人在庐山时,观察的地点和角度不同,所看到的景象也不一样。
3.理解诗句的意思,体会诗人的心境,能把读诗的感受与他人交流。
教学重点
1.借助以前学过的读诗方法,理解诗句的意思,体会诗人的心境。
2.引导学生把握好朗读的节奏,掌握抑扬顿挫。
教学难点
体会诗人“当局者迷,旁观者清”的思想,说说自己的感受。
教学课时
1课时
教学准备
1.橡皮泥。
2.学生收集有关苏轼的资料。
教学过程
一、导入
(师吟诵):
横看成岭侧成峰,
远近高低各不同
不识庐山真面目,
只缘身在此山中。
师:你们都知道老师吟诵的是哪首古诗吧?(题西林壁)今天,让我们随着诗人一起,到庐山去领略一下那神奇的自然风光。请全班打开课本第22面,齐读古诗《题西林壁》。
(生读古诗,师板书课题)
师:这首古诗,同学们都会背了,但是你们知道它的含义吗?今天,我们就要用学过的方法,来学习这首古诗。你们还记得我们学习古诗的步骤吗?
解诗题,知作者
抓字眼,明诗意
多诵读,悟诗情
二、学习课文
(一)解诗题,知作者
1.师:请结合课文的注释,理解一下本诗题目的意思。(书写在西林寺墙壁上的诗)
2.师:谁知道苏轼的生平?(生交流苏轼的资料。)
(苏轼,字子瞻,好东坡居士,北宋著名文学家、书画家、是“唐宋八大家”之一,与其父苏洵、其弟苏辙被合称为“三苏”。他一生坎坷,屡遭贬谪。本文是苏轼在被贬途中经过庐山时写下的五首游记诗之一。)
(二)抓字眼,明诗意
1.(师指名读古诗)其他同学一边听一边思考,你们从这首诗中读懂了什么。
2.师:四人小组合作交流,你们从这句诗中读懂了什么?
3.师:谁来说说你从这首诗中读懂了什么?(作者)
横看成岭侧成峰:横着看,庐山是一条山岭,连绵不断;侧着看却仿佛变成了一座山峰。
4.师:你们能用橡皮泥捏出苏轼描绘的这座山吗?
远近高低各(重读)不同:向远处、近处、高处、低处看,看到的庐山景色都不相同。
5.师:从这两句诗中,你知道为什么庐山在苏轼的眼中,会有怎么多种变化吗?
(苏轼站在不同的地方,从不同的角度观察庐山)
6.师:对,我们站在不同的角度,看到的景物是不同的。假如你现在就面对着庐山,你能用我站在___________看到__________说一句话吗?(出示小黑板)不识庐山真(重读)面目:(识:认清)“我”没有认清庐山的真面目(全景)只缘身在此山中:只因为我站在庐山中
7.师:这一句里有一个字很难写,谁知道呢?(“缘”字)让我们一起来疏通一下笔画。
(三)多诵读,悟诗情
多诵读:
1.师:老师有一个问题:作者为什么要描写庐山?(作者喜爱庐山)作者从多个角度,细致地观察了庐山,简洁而生动地描绘了庐山的奇特景象,可见他对庐山的奇丽景色流连忘返。你们说,你们能不能把作者那赞美之情用优美的嗓子朗读出来?好,现在让我们用自己喜爱的方式朗读这首古诗。谁还记得读古诗的方法有几种?(齐诵、轮诵、唱诵、表演读、叠诵......)好,现在就请你们用自己喜爱的方式读这首古诗。
2.四人小组表演
悟诗情
师:刚才同学们非常有感情地朗读了《题西林壁》。但吴老师有一个地方却怎么也不能理解:作者为什么说自己“不识庐山真面目”呢?他不是已经说庐山“横看成岭侧成峰”了吗?(因为他所站的位置不同,横看成岭侧成峰是站在远处看的,而不识庐山真面目则是身在庐山时看的。也就是人们常说的“当局者迷,旁观者清”。所以我们要想对事情有一个全面地了解,就要多听一听其他人的意见。)
三、总结
师:《题西林壁》这首古诗,不仅是对庐山雄奇壮观、千姿百态景象的赞美,更包含了“当局者迷,旁观者清”的人生哲理。
四、作业
1.背诵、默写《题西林壁》。
2.结合生活事例,说说你是怎么理解“不不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”这句的意思。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十二
������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����1���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½äµøµï¿½í½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ñ¶ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½øµï¿½
����1��������ç°ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ì¡£
������ñ§ï¿½ñµï¿½
�������ê«ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ëµëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����1��ê±
������ñ§×¼ï¿½ï¿½
����1����æ¤ï¿½à¡£
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ῴ�����é·å£¬
����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬
������ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð£¬µï¿½â®é½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ª¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½22�棬�����ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½á±³ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê«ï¿½â£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ץ���û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
�������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½×¢ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â±ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ëöªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������������õ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ë´ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¸ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ê±ð´ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ê«ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ץ���û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½
�����ῴ�����é·å£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²»ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½è´ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½å¡£
����4��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½
����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����5��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½
����������õ¾ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è¹û²ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½
����6��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½___________����__________ëµò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ð¡ï¿½ú°å£©ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½æ£¨ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½
����7��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ëöªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ò»ï¿½â±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
�������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ð´â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¸ï¿½âµø¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¿é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ë���çµã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½......���ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ã´ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ëµâ®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·å¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ã²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ëµï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ü½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½û¡ï¿½ç§ï¿½ë°ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ
����1�����ð¡ï¿½ä¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���������������ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十三
1、借助字典弄请词句的意思;
2、在明白古诗意思的基础上理解诗中所含的哲理:观察角度不同,观察效果不同;
3、培养学生互助学习的能力;
4、通过学习古诗教给学生学习古诗的方法。
理解诗中所含哲理,培养学生互助学习的能力。
一课时
风景画、录像、实物投影仪、实物:三棱柱
在教室里悬挂以山为主题的国画,同时包括风景画。
1、引入新课
师:我们的祖国地大物博,山清水秀,风景优美。同学们都知道哪些风景名胜,说说看。
生说风景(目的:激发学生学习兴趣,培养热爱祖国的思想)
师:同学们说了不少,我也向大家介绍一处风景。(放映庐山录像)(目的:让学生对庐山有初步认识,吸引学生注意力)
师:看了以后,你觉得庐山怎么样?
生谈感想(目的:使学生对庐山的感性认识进行梳理,同时巩固认识。)
师:著名的北宋诗人苏轼在观赏了庐山后,写下至今仍为人们称颂的诗篇《题西林壁》。今天我们就要来学习这首古诗(板书诗题)
2、初读古诗,认识生字。
师:请同学们自读古诗,并把不认识的字勾出来。
3、齐读古诗,纠正读音。
师:我知道班上的同学朗诵的能力非常出色的,能不能为老师朗诵一次。
生读古诗,对出现的问题加以纠正。(重点:卷舌音、平舌音)
4、范读古诗,讲读法。
师:同学们朗诵得不错,如果能注意一下停顿就更好了。可别小看停顿,在古诗中是很有讲究的。一般来说,一句诗中每两个字一停顿,最后三个字连着读。大家愿意听老师按照这个规则朗诵一遍吗?
师配乐朗诵古诗
现在请同学们在每句诗的停顿处用/作上标记
师:请同学们再来朗诵一遍,注意停顿。
生齐读古诗(配乐)
5、明确学习任务,组织自学。
师:在这堂课中我们要完成以下的学习任务(出示学习任务),请读一遍。同学们有没有信心完成学习任务?(激励学生)好,现在就请同学们以小组为单位先完成前四项学习任务。如果遇到了难题可以向老师,同学求助。(合作学习)(课堂预计:自学过程中,学生在解释诗时会不知道如何下手;解决办法:讲学法,我们在解释古诗时,通常要使用拆分法,所谓拆分法,就是将一句诗分成若干个部分分别加以解释,然后将这些解释联系起来。同时你还必须联系整首诗的内容来解释,举例说明。)
生自学,教师根据实际情况出示相关资料(资料:苏轼个人情况。西林寺。)播放庐山风景。
6、组织学生交流学习成果。
师:你们的任务完成了吗?
生汇报。
师:那还有什么不懂的地方。(并对学生出现的问题加以纠正。)
生提问,师组织互助解疑。
7、巩固
师:我们再来领略一下庐山的风光。我希望同学们边看就边想我们学的这首诗的内容,找一找片子中的峰、岭。
生观看录像。
师:在看过了美丽的庐山后,我想请一位同学来判断一下黑板上的图形哪一个是山岭,哪一个是山峰,现在请同学来朗诵这首诗。(引发感情:在朗诵这首诗时你可以想象一下庐山的面貌;成片的云雾遮挡着连绵起伏而又挺拔陡峭的庐山,庐山时隐时现,看到如此美丽的风景,你非常的高兴,于是就朗诵出这首广为流传的《题西林壁》)
8、分析古诗结构,引导学生体会古诗所说的道理。
师:看得出许多同学都想来朗诵,那就请同学们一起朗诵。但在朗诵这首诗时,请同学们思考一个问题。一般来说,古诗可分为两部分所见和所感。同学们在朗诵时看看这首诗中哪一部分是写诗人看到的?哪一部分是写作者的感受的。(学生朗诵时出示课件)(前两句是写诗人看到的,后两句写感受。)诗人向大家描述了他眼中的庐山,可是诗人眼中的庐山却有不同的样子,这是为什么呢?对此诗人是怎样解释的?(只缘身在此山中)为什么处于山中就看不清庐山的全貌呢?(提示:诗人站在庐山的正面,只能看到它的正面,而山是不是只有一个面呢?所以无论诗人从什么角度看庐山,都只能看到庐山的一个部分)
9、背诵
师:下面请同学们背诵这首古诗。
生背诵古诗(出示课件)
师检查背诵情况
10、总结
师:这首诗通过写诗人在庐山因为观察的角度不同,看到的庐山也不相同,告诉我们一个道理,观察事物时,从不同的角度看到的样子会不同。现在,我要给同学们讲一个故事,大家在听故事时要想一想故事中的人物错在那里。
师讲故事《盲人摸象》
师:请同学们说说这四位盲人他们错在那里?
11、结束
师:请大家对照学习任务自己检查一下是不是都完成了。(出示学习要求)生检查。诗人苏轼通过观赏庐山明白了一个道理要想了解一个事物就必须全面的进行观察,不能只看一面。其实,许多道理就存在于我们的生活、学习中,希望同学们也做个有心人,从生活、学习中找道理,学道理。好吗?
题西林壁
北宋苏轼
横看/成岭/侧成峰,
观察的
远近/高低/各不同。
实写
角度不
不识/庐山/真面目,
同,观
只缘/身在/此山中。
明理
效果察
不同。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十四
����1�������öµï¿½åªï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������׹�ê«ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±
�����羰����â¼ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ç¡ï¿½êµï¿½ï£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�������â¿ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï²©ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ëµï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£©
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³â®é½â¼ï¿½ñ£©£ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¨ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ê«æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£©
����2��������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù¾í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»í£ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«
����������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½/���ï±ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù¡ï¿½
�����������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����5����è·ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¨³ï¿½ê¾ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£©£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡£í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ê±ï¿½á²»öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ê«ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½òªê¹ï¿½ã²ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½
����6����ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������㱨��
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ê£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
����7������
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä·ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç±ß¿ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·å¡¢ï¿½ë¡£
�������û¿ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½âºú°ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¦ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����8��������ê«ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½é·ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê«ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¸ï¿½ï¿½üµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê«ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½â®é½è´ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¾í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ö»ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë´ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç¶è¿ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����9������
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
���������ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½é±³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����10���ü½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«í¨ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½û²ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»á²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ã¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿
����11������
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ñ§ï°òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ñ§ï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ö±ï¿½
������������
�����ῴ/����/��é·å£¬
�����û²ï¿½ï¿½
����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½/�ߵ�/����í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����êµð´
�����ç¶è²ï¿½
������ê¶/â®é½/����ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ö»ôµ/����/��é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
��������
����ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������í¬ï¿½ï¿½
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十五
1、认识3个生字。
2、有感情地朗读并背诵《题西林壁》古诗。
3、理解古诗的意思,体会诗人的心境,能把读的感受与他人交流。
4、体会观察的地点和角度不同,所看到的景象也不一样。
1、借助以前学过的读诗方法,理解诗句的意思,体会诗人的心境。
2、引导学生把握好朗读的节奏,掌握抑扬顿挫。
体会诗人“当局者迷,旁观者清”的思想,说说自己的感受。
学生收集有关苏轼的资料。
师:我们的祖国山清水秀、风景优美。由古至今,许多文人墨客都留下了大量的赞颂祖国大好河山的佳作,你们都积累了那些有关这方面的古诗呢?
师:著名的北宋诗人苏轼在观赏了庐山后,写下至今仍为人们称颂的诗篇——《题西林壁》。今天我们就要来学习这首古诗(板书诗题)
师:请同学们自读古诗,把不认识的自勾出来。
指名读。正音
再来读一遍,注意停顿。
师:这首古诗,同学们都读熟了,但是你们知道它的含义吗?今天,我们就要用学过的方法,来学习这首古诗。你们还记得我们学习古诗的步骤吗?
师生共同概括:
(一)、解诗题,知作者
说一说这首诗题目的意思吗?
说说关于苏轼的了解
(二)、抓字眼,明诗意
指名读古诗。从这首诗中读懂了什么。
师:谁来说说你从这首诗中读懂了什么?
师:庐山只有一座,怎么在苏轼的眼中会呈现出这么多种形态呢?
师:你们真是爱思考的好孩子。对,我们站在不同的角度,看到的景物是不同的。假如你现在就面对着庐山……
完成填空:从左向右看,庐山是_________;从上往下看,庐山是____________;从远处看庐山,像_____________;从近处看庐山,像____________;从高处(山顶)看庐山,像____________;从低处(山脚)看庐山,像___________。
师:作者浏览了庐山,不只是看,而是细心观察庐山的特点:横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同,还用心去思考,你从哪看出来的
不识庐山真(重读)面目:“我”没有认清庐山的真面目(全景)
只缘身在此山中:只因为我站在庐山中
想象一下,怎样才能看清庐山的“真面目”呢?
(三)、多诵读,悟诗情
师:作者为什么要描写庐山?
师:作者从多个角度,细致地观察了庐山,简洁而生动地描绘了庐山的奇特景象,可见他对庐山的奇丽景色流连忘返。表达了他对庐山那赞美之情。你能不能用优美的语调把你对庐山的情感朗读出来?
生:用各种方法诵读古诗提供背景音乐:
师:刚才同学们非常有感情地朗读了《题西林壁》。但有一个地方却很难让人理解:苏轼为什么说自己“不识庐山真面目”呢?他不是已经说庐山“横看成岭侧成峰”了吗?
师:学习了这首诗你有什么收获?从中悟出了一个什么道理?
师:总结,对于比较复杂的事物,如果不能客观地、冷静地进行分析就可能被局部的现象所迷惑,不能全面地正确认识这个事物。
也就是人们常说的“当局者迷,旁观者清”(板书)。所以我们要想对事情有一个全面地了解,就要多听一听其他人的意见。
1、观看成语故事片《盲人摸象》。
2、说说观后的感受。
3、举出生活中的例子说明这个道理。
《题西林壁》这是苏轼在1084年游庐山时题在西林寺墙壁上的一首诗。庐山景色秀美,山中奇花异木险峰怪穴,流泉飞瀑山亭云阁,气象万千,不可胜数。前两行诗写诗人在庐山漫游,觉得峰回路转,目不暇接。庐山究竟美在哪里?是雄奇、是壮丽、是险峻、还是幽秀?诗人说自己没有认清庐山的真正面目,为什么呢?在三四行中解释道:我不认识庐山的真面目,只因为我身在庐山中,视野太狭窄,只能看到局部,要是身在庐山之外,从高处看,就能认识庐山的全貌了。
课前,我布置学生查阅相关的资料,有关于题壁诗的,有关于苏轼生平的,还有苏轼的其他著作等,相信课前预习的资料查阅,让他们更全面地了解了诗歌的背景、相关的内容,更有助于诗歌学习。在学习这首诗时,我先让学生回想我们学古诗的方法:
1、解诗题,知作者。
2、初读诗,正字音。
3、再读诗,清节奏。
4、抓字眼,明诗意。
5、多诵读,悟诗情。
然后安排学生先自主学习,借助有关资料和书上的注释,自己去读,去理解诗所表达的意思。接着在全班交流,走进庐山,感受那里的高山峻峰,想象诗人当年在庐山写下这首诗时的情景。在指导学生朗读古诗时,可以是齐诵、轮诵、唱诵或表演读,形式多样,重在读出理解,读出感受。
有了这些奠定后,我们就要直奔本课的重难点,即引导学生理解“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。”这句诗的内在含义。经师生讨论,大家明白了一个道理:“要想认识事物的本质,必须全面客观地把握、冷静地分析,才能不被局部现象所迷惑。”也就是我们常说的'一句俗语:当局者迷,旁观者清”。
在理解含义的基础上,我设计了一个问题:在现实生活中,你还发现了哪些站在不同的角度会看见不同的事物的例子,让学生结合生活实际来讨论。学生谈及如人的立场不一样,所以评定一个人是好是坏的结果也不一样;犯错误时,自己往往不能发现,总是当别人指出后方才醒悟等等。
当然,还有很多不足之处:
1、由于学生感悟很多,所以预设的拓展的内容没有出示;虽然力求关注每位学生,设计了多样化评价、解说式评价、引导性评价等评价方式,但真正到了课堂上,还是觉得不尽完美。
2、在处理教学难点时,有点急于求成。在前两句诗歌的学习中,学生已经基本明白“看不清庐山的本来面目,只因为自己身在庐山之中,看来看去,只能看到庐山的一部分”。但要他们谈谈学习古诗后有什么启发时,学生思维转不过来,于是我直接点拨,没有给学生思考、讨论、交流的机会(心里担心着时间所剩无几了)。其实,应该给学生充分思考、讨论的时间,最后的拓展阅读完不成的话,可以放到课后。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十六
����
����1����ê¶3�����ö¡ï¿½
����2���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����3�������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�����û²ï¿½äµøµï¿½í½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��������ç°ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ì¡£
����
�������ê«ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ëµëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����
����
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä«ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½é½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ê«æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£©
����
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½é£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù¡ï¿½
����
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½
������������ץ���û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºãºï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½_________���������â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½____________����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½_____________���ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½____________���ó¸ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½____________���óµí´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½___________��
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£ºï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·å£¬ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¶â®é½ï¿½æ£¨ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
���������������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ð´â®é½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¸ï¿½âµø¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¿é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ëµâ®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·å¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½õ»ñ£¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±è½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿í¹ûµø¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¾²ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ó£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ëµï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1���û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡·¡ï¿½
����2��ëµëµï¿½ûºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
����3���ù³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����
�����������ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1084����â®é½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»¨ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½õ·ï¿½ï¿½ñ¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½í¤ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ð´ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½â·×ªï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ó¡ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¿ê«ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ì«ï¿½ï¿½õ��ö»ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ó¸ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ç°ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê«ï¿½â£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����2������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ù¶ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����4��ץ���û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â¡£
����5�����ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½é¡£
����è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½×¢ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
����������ð©ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½òªö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¹ûµø°ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¾²ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ó¡£¡ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½'ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ï¿½
���������⺬��ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©õ¾ï¿½ú²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è»á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó·½²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµè¡ï¿½
������è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶à²»ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ã¿î»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ñµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµã¼±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ì¸ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½óµã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½þ¼ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ê²»ï¿½éµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·åµï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十七
教学设计思路
1)培养学生自主探索、合作交流的精神,在数学教学中发挥网络环境下的交互特征培养学生思维的灵活性和创造性。
2)按照网络教学模式图和教学流程图:情景导入→ 自主探索 → 引导探究 → 归纳小结→ 反馈评价→ 升华提高。
3)当学生打开网页课件时,主页上显示与本课有关的知识庐山和题壁诗,然后在老师的引导下,打开“教学资源”网页中“欣赏庐山”“古诗理解”“古诗新唱” “悟出道理”等数学课堂环节。
媒体设计思路:
1)根据课程学习的需要,选择并确定主题小组分工等 2)组织网络合作学习小组;
3)教师提供与学习主题相关的资源、网址和途径并指导学生浏览相关网 页;
4)根据需要组织有关协作学习内容。
5)形成作品,要求学生以在网上找到的资料为基础,做一个与主题有关的网页,并向全体学生展示;
6)教师组织学生通过在网上评价作品,形成观点意见,达到意义建构的目的。
整堂课步骤设计如下:
一、打开网页,主页显示了与本课有关的知识,学生自行阅读,借此引发学生的学习动机。
二、在网络环境下,由教师创设问题情景,打开“教学资源”。
三、学生进行点击学习。
四、点击“古诗欣赏”按钮,然后结合课本进行“理解古诗”。
五、在学习课本的基础上进行知识拓展。 六、小组协商解决“讨论探究”。
七、当堂练习,点击“拓展练习”进行练习。
八、升华提高,学生充分活动之后,基本解决问题。进行讨论。 九、通过网页展示教材分析。是学生更一步理解知识。
十、学生通过不同的知识点进行学习,有利于学生的知识延伸。
教材简析:
《题西林壁》这是苏轼游庐山时写在西林寺墙壁上的一首诗。这首诗形象地描绘了庐山雄伟壮观的景象。作者通过写观察庐山的各种不同感受,提示出一个带有哲理性的问题。尤其是后两句诗历来为人们赞赏。
因为作者在人们十分熟悉、司空见惯的事物中,巧妙地说出了一个“旁观者清,当局者迷”的道理。特别是这个道理一经作者用诗的形象语言说出,就给人们留下了不可磨灭的印象。是训练学生欣赏美,感悟美,以及培养学生想象能力、观察能力的好教材。《题西林壁》这首诗重在说理,借物喻理,诗中有理。 设计理念:
新课程标准指出:“阅读是学生的个性化行为,不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践,应让学生在主动积极的思维和情感活动中,加深理解和体验,有所感悟和思考,受到情感熏陶,获得思想启迪,享受审美乐趣。”这就要求教师在教学方式上有根本性的突破,教学中注重引导学生自读自悟,讨论交流,鼓励学生发表自己的见解,变课本为学本,使学生成为学习的主体。基于以上认识,本节课设计上,我力求突出以下几点:
1、主体观。把语文课当作学生学习、发展语言的实践活动,强调学生主动性、独立性、创造性的发挥。
2、本体观。坚持以人的发展为本,强调兴趣、需要、习惯等非智力因素的作用。
3、开放观。语文课的形式、内容、过程不拘一格,推崇“教材无非是个例子”的观点,强调课内阅读向课外的延伸。
课前准备:
(1)师生收集有关这首诗的资料。
(2)网页制作,图片、音乐、多媒体课件。 教学目标:
1.知识能力目标会本课生字,理解“识”,“缘”,“真面目”等词语在诗中的意思。能正确流利地朗读、背诵、默写本诗。
2、.过程方法目标:学习如何让学生解读诗歌。
3.情感态度价值观目标:1培养学生的想象能力,形象思维能力,以及正确看待问题的能力。
2、通过对诗句的理解,培养学生热爱大自然的思想感情以及审美情操。
教学重点:
学习古诗的内容,想象诗中所描写的情景。 教学难点:感悟品味诗中所蕴含的哲理。 教具准备:网页课件 教学课时:1课时。
教学过程:
(一)激情导入。
同学们,我们伟大的祖国。有着五千年的悠久历史和灿烂的文化。其中诗歌就是我国文化宝库中一颗璀璨的明珠。诗这种体裁,语言精炼,所表达的情感却十分丰富。今天我们一起学习苏轼的《题西林壁》。
(二)学生介绍苏轼
1、有关苏轼的自然情况及写作风格。
2、这首诗的写作背景及庐山的有关情况。
[通过交流,达到了学习资源优化组合。同时课内外有机结合,拓展了学生的知识面激发了学生探索的欲望,体现了大语文观下的语文教学。]分丰富,读起来还琅琅上口,所以深受大家的喜爱。
(三)初读课文,感知美
师:通过汇报资料,相信你们对作者苏轼又有了进一步的了解。那么他写的这首《题西林壁》,距今已有920年了,为什么仍被历代的人们所喜爱呢?这就是我们这节课所要研究的。
1、学生自由反复读古诗。说说诗中的庐山给你留下了怎样的印象?
2、学生读后谈感受,初步感知庐山的美。
[给学生足够的时间读书,让学生在反复感受语言文字的基础上走近庐山,感知庐山的美。]
(四)分组自学,理解美
1、根据我们以前学习古诗的经验,大家说说我们该怎样学习这首诗呢?(学生说出学习方法,课件出示:读诗句—解诗意—悟诗情—入诗境)
2、分组合作,引导学生选择自己喜欢有学习方式细读古诗,遇到问题自己想办法解决。
[让学生选择适合自己的学习方式,尊重学生的自主选择,既把学生放在主体位置上,又培养了学生自主学习的能力。]
(五)汇报交流,感悟美
(1)交流第一、二行诗句
1、学生汇报对这两句诗的理解。
2、结合“横看”和“侧看”的不同感受,让学生发挥想象并用自己的语言去描绘庐山的“岭”和“峰”是什么样子的,抓住“岭”、“峰”的不同概念体会庐山景象的多变,感悟庐山的美。
3、指导有感情朗读(读出庐山的变幻莫测)
板书:横 岭 侧 峰)
(2)交流第三、四行诗句。
1、学生自由表达对这两句诗的理解。
2、针对学生理解上遇到的困难,结合辞海中的义项,帮助学生选择“只”“缘”在诗中的正确意思。
3、指导朗读,要求读出作者感慨的语气。
(根据学生的感知特点,形象认识能较快帮助他们区分理解。)
师:为什么同是庐山有时看到的是岭有时看到的又是峰呢?为何身在庐山,却不识庐山真面目呢? (生沉默)
师:诗人从横 侧 远 近 高 低去看庐山
生:诗人站的位置不同,所以看到的庐山也不一样。 师:多么善于思考的孩子。同学们给他鼓鼓掌。
诗人从不同的位置来看庐山,看到了不同的庐山,还可以按什么的不同来看庐山?
生:不同的季节,春、夏、秋、冬。 生:不同的时间,早、中、晚。
生:不同的天气,晴天、雨天。
生:不同的心情,高兴、伤心。
师:从不同的时间、季节、心情、天气、心情来看庐山,所看到的庐山都不一样。所以作者写下.不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。
师:同一事物,从不同的角度来看结果会怎样呢? 生:不相同
师:同一事物观察的角度不同,观察的结果也不相同真是:当局者迷,旁观者清。
(3)学生根据诗意绘画,通过展示内化诗意。
讨论探究:那么,怎样才看得清庐山真面目?集体交流。
说一说:联系实际并结合诗中所表达的哲理,说说在生活中我们该怎样看人、看事、看问题呢?、朗读第三、四行诗句。
[这样理论联系实际,既深化了对古诗的理解,又提高了认识水平,同时培养了学生运用语言的能力。]
(六)个性诵读,表达美
1、教师语言激励,引导学生进入情境:假如你就是苏轼,看到庐山峰峦奇丽,云雾缭绕,山中溪水潺潺,鸟语花香,宛如仙境一般,你的心情怎样?怎样读才
能表达出自己的情感呢?
2、学生自由练习朗读,组内交流体会。
3、引导学生谈感受,结合感受进行个性化朗读。
4、教师示范读
5、学生再读,读出诗的韵味。最后齐声吟诵。
[阅读是个性化的行为,阅读要有自己的情感体验,学生入情入境地吟诵,使理解更上一层楼。
(七)聆听歌曲,欣赏美
师:有的时候古人根据自己的兴致,把诗词配上曲子唱出来,更能表达自己的情感和心境,想听听吗?(课件播放歌曲《题西林壁》)
[古代的诗歌往往被谱成曲子广为传唱,现代人也愿意运用古诗填词作曲这又为我们学习古诗提供了一个有趣的渠道。学生们陶醉在优美的音乐中达到激情引趣的目的。学生在潜移默化中已经将诗意了然于胸。]
(八)总结全文,升华美
师:(看板书总结)这是一首写景诗,又是一首哲理诗。前两句写作者看到的景色,(板书:看景)
后两句是作者由景所悟出的道理。(板书:悟理)作者借欣赏庐山的感受,告诉我们无论看人、看事、看问题都要多角度,多侧面地去观察、去体会,这样才能得出一个比较全面、公正的评价。
[通过总结,使学生由表性认识上升到理性认识,从而加深对课文内容的理解。]
(九)拓展延伸,积累运用
1、古往今来,多少文人墨客游览过庐山、赞美过庐山,除了这首诗之外,你还知道哪些诗人写过庐山。
生:我知道李白写过《望庐山瀑布》
2、对比阅读《登飞来峰》
[在课堂教学中适当补充与课文内容相关联的素材,既利于学生更好地学习,也有利于丰富学生的语言积累。同时课内向课外延伸,让每个学生在生活中学语文,用语文,感受学习语文的乐趣。]
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十八
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·
����1������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����2�����������ñ§ä£ê½í¼ï¿½í½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����ì½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����ì½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �������û¡ï¿½ ������ߡ�
����3����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½î¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ë±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹øµï¿½öªê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ý¿î³ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 2����ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð¡ï¿½é£»
����3����ê¦ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ò³ï¿½ï¿½
����4��������òªï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ð��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
����5���î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
����6����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
�������ã¿î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹øµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������绷���â£ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¥ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����塢��ñ§ï°ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ ����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ð�ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ߡ�������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
�����ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»î¶¯ö®ï¿½ó£¬»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ �å¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³õ¹ê¾ï¿½ì²ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����ê®ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£
�����ì²ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ê±ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½î°×³ï¿½ûµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½û²ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½
������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������
�����â¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½í»ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ã£º
����1������û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä·ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����2������û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä·ï¿½õ¹îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ßµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����3�����å¹û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ç¡°ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ûµã£¬ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£
������ç°×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
������2����ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º
����1��öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½á±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2��.���ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è¡£
����3.���ì¬ï¿½è¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£º1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½øµã£º
����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ ��ñ§ï¿½ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·î¶ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �ì¾ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½î¼ï¿½ ��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½1��ê±ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ¼ï¿½ë¡£
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ê®ï¿½ö·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1���ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����[í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½æ¼¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½]�ö·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½òµï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½920���ë£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµê«ï¿½ðµï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªâ®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����[��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªâ®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½]
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1������������ç°ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä¡ªï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½é¡ªï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����[��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ñ£¬¼è°ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½]
�������壩�㱨������������
������1��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����2����ï¡ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½à¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä£ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½äªï¿½â£©
�������飺�� �� �� �壩
������2����������������ê«ï¿½ä¡£
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����2�����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´çºï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½öªï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ü½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´í¬ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ø£ï¿½ ������ä¬ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë´óºï¿½ �� ô¶ �� �� ��è¥ï¿½ï¿½â®é½
��������ê«ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ã²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����ê«ï¿½ë´ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½?
����������í¬ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£
����������í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½.��ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ ��������í¬
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
������3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ú»ï¿½ê«ï¿½â¡£
��������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµêµï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä¡£
����[����������ïµêµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ë¶ô¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½]
���������������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ïªë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»¨ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4����ê¦ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����[�ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½
�������ߣ�����������������
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����[�å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½]
�������ë£ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������������é¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¼òªï¿½ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½û²ì¡¢è¥ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµã³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����[í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£]
�������å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������������������ä«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ã»¹öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê«ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½
����������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���ô±ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡·
����[�ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·á¸»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½]
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇十九
明白古诗意思的基础上理解诗中所含的哲理:观察角度不同,观察效果不同。
有感情地朗读并背诵《题西林壁》。
理解诗句的意思,体会诗人的心境。
重点:有感情地朗读并背诵《题西林壁》。
难点:明白古诗意思的基础上理解诗中所含的哲理:观察角度不同,观察效果不同;理解诗句的意思,体会诗人的心境。
课前准备:小黑板一块。
实施教学的主要方法:师生交流互动。
(一)、激趣谈话,揭示课题:
1、回顾上个单元我们学习了哪些课文?(观潮、雅鲁藏布大峡谷、鸟的天堂、火烧云)
2、江湖,峡谷,榕树,鸟儿,美丽的晚霞等等这些美好的景物就像一幅幅图画,使人回味无穷!
3、我们的祖国地大物博,山清水秀,风景优美,同学还去过哪些风景名胜,看到过哪些美好景物呢?(……)
4、同学们说了不少,今天我也向大家介绍一处风景。(庐山)看看我们的伟大的北宋诗人苏轼他是怎么来写庐山的!板书课题:题西林壁
(二)、初读古诗,凭借拼音读准生字字音,并对不理解的词语,句子作上记号。
(三)齐读古诗,纠正读音。
(四)、范读古诗,讲读法。
同学们朗诵得不错,如果能注意一下停顿就更好了,可别小看停顿,在古诗中是很有讲究的,一般来说,一句诗中每两个字一停顿,最后三个字连着读,大家愿意听老师按照这个规则朗诵一遍吗?现在请同学们在每句诗的停顿处用“/”作上记号。
小黑板出示:题西林壁 宋·苏轼
横看/成岭/侧成峰,
远近/高低/各不同。
不识/庐山/真面目,
只缘/身在/此山中。
(五)朗诵分析古诗并背诵:
1、师:看得出许多同学都想来朗诵,那就请同学们一起朗诵。但在朗诵这首诗时,请同学们思考一个问题。一般来说,古诗可分为两部分——所见和所感。同学们在朗诵时看看这首诗中哪一部分是写诗人看到的?哪一部分是写作者的感受的。(前两句是写诗人看到的,后两句写感受。)诗人向大家描述了他眼中的庐山,可是诗人眼中的庐山却有不同的样子,这是为什么呢?对此诗人是怎样解释的?(只缘身在此山中)为什么处于山中就看不清庐山的全貌呢?(提示:诗人站在庐山的正面,只能看到它的正面,而山是不是只有一个面呢?所以无论诗人从什么角度看庐山,都只能看到庐山的一个——部分)2、师:下面请同学们背诵这首古诗。 生背诵古诗
师检查背诵情况3、总结:师:这首诗通过写诗人在庐山因为观察的角度不同,看到的庐山也不相同,告诉我们一个道理,观察事物时,从不同的角度看到的样子会不同。
八、板书设计:题西林壁 宋·苏轼
横看/成岭/侧成峰,(观察的角度不同)所见
远近/高低/各不同。
不识/庐山/真面目,(观察的效果不同)所感
只缘/身在/此山中。
临时得到通知,要来听我的课,即使课前备过课了,心里也难免紧张。那么多资深老师来听课,感觉压力好大。但是该来的总是要来的,只要能够勇敢地去面对,相信自己一定会有所成长,有所得到的。
接下来说一说,自己对该课的反思。作为一个刚走出校园迈入另外一个不同校园的新老师,总觉得要学习的东西太多了,吃透教材上,总在刹那间会觉得比较迷茫,所以,总是千方百计的找一些资料拼命的借鉴人家好的地方,但在上课之后总是会觉得其实另外一种形式的教法也许会更好一点。课前想象了很多种学生情况,但在上课时还是会出现让我措手不及的地方。例如,今天在分析讲解“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”时,叫了好几个学生说“不识”什么意思,这几个学生都说是不知道的意思,我在备课时希望学生说是看不清楚的意思,然后绕了好大一圈,才得出自己想要的答案。课后觉得,其实有些知识上只要学生能说出自己的想法并且是合理的,能够解释清楚的,不应该拘泥于形式。
其次,在该课上,要感谢我的学生,他们让我觉得很惊讶。作为新老师兼班主任,对他们很多地方的了解还有些欠缺。例如,我让学生试着解释一下该诗的大致意思的时候,蔡冲真的让我很吃惊,他反问我:“老师,我可不可以把自己当作苏轼,然后再解释呢?”我立即说:“当然可以。”他的回答果然真的很精彩,其他同学都不由自主的把掌声送给了他,我想假如叫我来解释,也最多只能在字面上做些文章而已。这让我更加深刻的认识到,做好优秀的学生的老师,要付出更多的辛苦才行。以后,在上课之前,所要做的准备其实还可以更加丰富。
最后,在下面这个教学环节中:如果能注意一下停顿就更好了,可别小看停顿,在古诗中是很有讲究的,一般来说,一句诗中每两个字一停顿,最后三个字连着读,大家愿意听老师按照这个规则朗诵一遍吗?现在请同学们在每句诗的停顿处用“/”作上记号。
小黑板出示:题西林壁 宋·苏轼
横看/成岭/侧成峰,
远近/高低/各不同。
不识/庐山/真面目,
只缘/身在/此山中。
其实,我可以把主动权还给学生,不是自己说出来,让他们划出来。而是可以让他们在小组合作的讨论之后的汇报中得到划分的依据。让他们自己得出结果比我告诉他们答案会更加好。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二十
�������׹�ê«ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
�����ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����øµã£ºï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ç°×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú°ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡£
����êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£º
����1���ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½
����2��������ï¿ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½èµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ë»ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¡
����3�����çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï²©ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ð´â®é½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½
������������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼çºå¡ï¿½
���������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù¾í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»í£ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½/�����ï¼çºå¡ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ �î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ῴ/����/��é·å£¬
����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½/�ߵ�/����í¬ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¶/â®é½/����ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����ö»ôµ/����/��é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
�������壩���ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½
����1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½é·ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê«ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¸ï¿½ï¿½üµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê«ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½â®é½è´ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¾í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ö»ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ë´ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç¶è¿ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½2��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ �����ð¹ï¿½ê«
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½é±³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3���ü½á£ºê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«í¨ï¿½ï¿½ð´ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½û²ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»á²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½
�����ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ �î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ῴ/����/��é·å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ä½ç¶è²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½/�ߵ�/����í¬ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¶/â®é½/����ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ö»ôµ/����/��é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
������ê±ï¿½ãµï¿½í¨öªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ó¡£µï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����������ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ã¿îµä·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï°ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼òºãµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä½ì·ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ç²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºã´ï¿½ò»è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµã³ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä´ð°¸¡ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ð©öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ö»òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½
������î£ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½òµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ãºü¾ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºü¶ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â»¹ï¿½ï¿½ð©ç·è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¸ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ì³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºü³ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½äºü¾ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ó·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½
������������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù¾í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»í£ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½/�����ï¼çºå¡ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ �î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ῴ/����/��é·å£¬
����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½/�ߵ�/����í¬ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¶/â®é½/����ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����ö»ôµ/����/��é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä»ã±¨ï¿½ðµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ð°¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºã¡ï¿½
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二十一
本节课教学内容属于义务教育课程标准试验教科书小学语文第七册第二组课文《古诗两首》中的第一首。本组教材围绕“观察与发现”这一专题编排,教学内容都是关于观察大自然景物和发现大自然奥秘的。
《题西林壁》这首古诗是苏轼在1084年游庐山时题在西林寺墙壁上的一首诗。全诗不仅是对庐山雄奇壮观、千姿百态景象的赞美,而且还蕴含着人生的哲理,内涵深刻,耐人寻味。要想对某个事物有全面的、符合实际的认识,就必须站在客观的立场上,正如俗语所说:“当局者迷,旁观者清”。
1. 有感情地朗读、背诵古诗。
2. 理解诗句的意思,体会诗句的意境,明白古诗阐述的道理。
3. 学会观察的方法,乐于把观察所得表达出来。
一.导入课题,了解诗人和写作背景。
1. 复习《望庐山瀑布》,观赏庐山图片,引出本诗。
2. 学生阅读阅读资料(一):课文学习。了解本诗的作者和写作背景。
二.借助注释,理解诗意。
1. 读诗题,解释题目的意思。
2. 指明读古诗,要求读正确,读流利。
3. 小组交流,借助注释解释古诗的意思。
4. 学生汇报。
三.质疑解疑,体会诗义。
学生质疑。例:为什么作者说“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。”?
1. 作者身在庐山之中,看到的是什么样的景象呢?这景象是庐山的真面目吗?
2. 作者要怎么样才能看到庐山的真面目呢?
3. 你从这句话中懂得了什么道理?
4. 观察事物,如果只看一个方面,会有什么后果呢?学生阅读资料(二):明理篇(《盲人摸象的故事》《公鸡和猫头鹰的争论》《一次考试》《一则寓言的启示》)
5. 学生交流阅读后的感受,深化观察事物要多角度、全面地观察的道理。
6. 讨论:如果你能去庐山,你还会从哪些别的角度去观察?
四.指导朗诵、背诵古诗。
1. 推荐两种朗读方法:突出观察角度的词语和突出观察结果不同的词语的读法,学生练习。
2. 配乐朗读。
3. 背诵比赛。
五. 拓展阅读,体会多角度观察事物的精彩,学习观察和写作的方法,
1. 学生阅读阅读资料(三):佳作欣赏。
2. 从观察和习作的角度谈谈阅读的收获。
六.小练笔:我爱观察。(多角度地观察一样事物,写具体,写生动)
七.总结。
板书:
题西林壁
角度不同
观察 多角度、全面
结果不同
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二十二
�������ú¿î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ðµäµï¿½ò»ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½î§ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ë·¢ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¡ï¿½
�����������ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1084����â®é½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½è«ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½û¡ï¿½ç§ï¿½ë°ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°î¶ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ú¿í¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ï¿½
����1�� �ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2�� ����ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�� ñ§ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ñ¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ëºï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�� ��ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2�� ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â±¾ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ע�í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â¡£
����1�� ��ê«ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����2�� ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�� ð¡ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����4�� ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
�����������é½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½å¡£
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�� ��������â®é½ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½â¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����2�� ����òªï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����3�� �����仰�ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�� �û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¨í·ó¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ô¢ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5�� ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ç¶è¡ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ø¹û²ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6�� ���û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½è¥ï¿½û²ì£¿
�����ä£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����1�� �æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ç¶èµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����2�� �����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�� ���ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����壮 ��õ¹ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶è¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�� ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½
����2�� �ó¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½ì¸ì¸ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½
��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶èµø¹û²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ߣ��ü½á¡£
�������飺
���������ö±ï¿½
�����ç¶è²ï¿½í¬
�����û²ï¿½ ��ç¶è¡ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½
���������í¬
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二十三
1、会正确书写“缘”,理解“题、横看、缘”等词语在诗中的意思。能正确流利地朗读、背诵古诗。
2、培养学生的想象能力,形象思维能力,以及正确看待问题的能力。
3、通过对诗句的理解,培养学生热爱大自然的思想感情以及审美情操。
学习古诗的内容,想象诗中所描写的情景。
感悟品味诗中所蕴含的哲理。
1、师:同学们,我们以前见过面吗?(生:没有)
师:自我介绍。初次见面,要是以后同学们在街上碰到我,你们能认出我吗?为什么?
师:为了避免大家忘记我,请同学们认认真真、含情脉脉地看我一分钟。(师从正面、侧面、反面各转一圈)
师:现在不会认错了吧?刚才,同学们已经认识了老师,现在让我也来认识认识你们吧!(生自我介绍)
2、同学们喜欢爬山吗?你爬过哪些山?它给你留下了怎样的印象?用一个词语概括一下。
3、(课件出示描写山的词语)现在我们来一个记忆力大考验,老师这里有一些描写山的词语,看谁在最短的时间内记住最多的词?(指名读、齐读一遍)
4、交流学生记词情况。
1、你对庐山有哪些了解?生介绍课前搜集的庐山的资料。
2、想不想亲眼目睹庐山的风采,让我们跟随摄像机的镜头一起走进美丽的庐山。(课件播放庐山图片)刚才我们的庐山之行给你留下了怎样的印象?
2、庐山是历史文化名胜,以其美丽壮观的景色吸引了无数的文人墨客,为庐山留下了一首首壮美的诗篇。900多年前宋朝大诗人苏轼花了十多天的时间游览了庐山,但对庐山的认识还不够全面,他感受颇深,在庐山西林寺的墙壁上写下了这样一首诗。请看大屏幕。(出示课件:西林寺墙壁上的诗)
3、哪位细心的同学知道了这首诗的名字?
师指导学生朗读题目。(生跟老师一起朗读课题)
4、理解题目的意思:
题:书写(书写在西林寺墙壁上的诗)
带着你对题目的理解再读古诗题目。
5、这首诗的作者是——苏轼,关于苏轼你了解多少?(课件出示简介)
苏轼,字子瞻,号东坡居士,北宋著名文学家、书画家。他的诗、文、书、画都很专精,是“唐宋八大家”之一。他在诗、词散文的创作上都有很大的成就,对词的发展作出了贡献,著有《东坡全集》。
6、现在让我们一起来欣赏这首诗。
7、课件出示古诗范读
师:读得怎么样?老师相信同学们一定也能读得这么美。
(1)生自由读。请同学们仔仔细细读上4遍,前两遍读的时候,注意读准字音,要把诗念得字正腔圆;读后两遍的时候,要注意把它念通顺,注意诗的停顿。
(2)指名读,其他同学认真倾听,一会你们来评价评价。
(3)师生合作读。读古诗不仅要读的准确,还要读的有节奏,要读的有板有眼。生读前四个字,师读后三个字。
师:诗写得美同学们读得更美。但是仅仅会读还不行,还要会理解。同学们平时是怎样理解古诗的?
生:交流理解方法。(查字典、结合诗后注释、查工具书、上网查资料等)
师:俗话说书读百遍,其义自见。自读古诗,请同学们用你平时学习古诗的方法自学古诗。
生自学,师巡回指导
师:学好了吗?谁能说一说,通过自学古诗的前两句,你都知道了什么?
师:(出示岭峰的图片)岭和峰有什么不同?用一个词语来形容一下。(岭:连绵不断;峰:高耸入云、高高挺立)
(生:作者还从远处、近处、高处、低处看,看到的景色都不一样。从“各”字看出都不一样。)
师:你能想象一下作者从不同的角度会看到庐山怎样的景色?(师创设情境)
(远:重峦叠嶂近:危崖险岩从高处俯瞰:深沟幽壑从山下仰望:遮天蔽日)
师:怎样读出不一样的感觉?读出气势,有强弱对比,如远近高低都是重音,要读出起伏,远强一些,近弱一些,高强一些,低弱一些。自由练读(指名读前两句诗)
师:为什么看到的庐山的景色不一样?答案就在诗中,快读读吧!谁知道原因了?
生:只缘身在此山中。
出示诗的后两句,指名读。在这一句里有一个字很难写,谁知道是哪个字?(缘)
指导书写,理解“缘、不识”的意思。(因为)
谁读懂了这两句诗的意思?
你能用上什么关联词吗?
(生:我们之所以看不清庐山的真面目,是因为自己身在这庐山之中)
师:谁能反过来说一说?
(生:因为我人在这座山中,所以认不清庐山的真面目。)
师:为什么诗人身在此山中反而认不清庐山的真面目呢?
生:因为诗人站在庐山之中,视野受到限制,只能看到庐山的局部,而非庐山的全貌;作者从不同的角度观察,结果就不同)
师:谁能举一个类似的例子?(生举例)盲人摸象、下棋等。教师可结合具体的物品,如橘子、苹果等让学生理解从不同的角度看,结果不同。
师:结合我们今天学得这首古诗让我们知道,要了解一个事物必须怎样做?
生答:客观全面的了解事物。
师:明白了这一道理后,想一想,我们应该怎样正确的评价我们周围的同学呢?是看他的优点呢还是看缺点呢?
生答:优缺点全面看。
师:看待别人是这样,评价自己也是如此,谁愿意试着客观全面地评价一下自己?
学生自由发言。
让别的同学去评价他。
这就是——当局者迷,旁观者清。
师:只有客观全面的看待自己和别人,才能取长补短,使自己变得越来越优秀。
《题西林壁》这首诗,前两句让我们感受到了庐山的雄奇壮观、千姿百态,后两句告诉我们“当局者迷,旁观者清”的人生哲理。作者为什么要描写庐山呢?(喜爱)我们应该带着怎样的感情读呢?(喜爱、赞美)下面我们就再一次齐声朗诵这首古诗
师生齐诵。
师:描写庐山美景的古诗很多,我从网上查阅到自东晋以来,歌咏庐山的诗词歌赋就有4000多首,除了这首诗之外,你还知道哪些诗人写过庐山?
生:我知道李白写过《望庐山瀑布》
今天老师也带来了几首描写庐山的古诗请大家一起欣赏。出示课件《望庐山五老峰》、《为李进同志题所摄庐山仙人洞照》
望庐山五老峰
李白
庐山东南五老峰,
青天削出金芙蓉。
九江秀色可揽结,
吾将此地巢云松。
《为李进同志题所摄庐山仙人洞照》
暮色苍茫看劲松,
乱云飞渡仍从容。
天生一个仙人洞,
无限风光在险峰。
明代诗人王世懋冒雪上庐山写下了一首咏雪诗《庐山雪》:
朝日照积雪,庐山白如云。
始知灵境杳,不与众山群。
树色空中断,泉声天半闻。
千崖冰玉里,何处着匡君
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二十四
1、理解诗意,想象诗中所描述的景象。
2、感悟诗中蕴含的深刻哲理。
3、有感情地朗读古诗,背诵古诗。
理解诗意,体会诗中蕴含的哲理。
多媒体课件
我们以往学过唐代大诗人李白描述庐山的诗,《望庐山瀑布》谁愿意给大家背一背,师指名背诵。这节课我们一齐来学习另一首描述庐山的诗《题西林壁》师板书课题
谁来说一说题目的意思?题:书写,壁:墙壁(石壁)
谁介绍一下庐山的资料,课件出示
诗简单介绍作者苏轼
1、师范读
2、学生练读
3、诗纠正读音
4、借助工具书理解重点词语
横看:从正面看
不识:看不清
真面目:全貌
缘:因为
5、逐句理解诗意学生分组自学
6、师指名学生说诗意,(全班交流)
启发讨论1、为什么不识庐山真面目呢?
2、怎样才能看到庐山的全貌呢?
3、从这首诗中,你懂得了什么道理?
全班讨论交流汇报
1、练习背诵古诗
2、默写古诗
读诗句——说诗意——悟意境——吟诵诗
背诵古诗和诗句的意思
题西林壁
(宋)苏轼
横——岭侧——岭
远近高低——各不一样
不识——真面目
只缘——此山中
当局者迷,旁观者清。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二十五
����
����1���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������������������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£
����â®é½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»¨ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½õ·ï¿½ï¿½ñ¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½é½í¤ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä«ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½öªê«ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
������������ê«ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ê«ï¿½â¡£
����1����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����2������î§í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½
����3��ë��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
�������ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??��ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ë£¿ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½å£¿
����í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����4����������â®é½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ó£¬·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¸ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ã¡ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����������ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½
����������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½é¡£
����â®é½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²»ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½à¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶¸ï¿½í£ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½î¹µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½
�����õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ð¿´µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»³ï¿½ø£ï¿½
�����������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������壩��������
������������취���������ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
�������ç²ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����1����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����2����ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二十六
1、有感情地朗读古诗。
2、理解诗句的意思,体会诗人的心境,把读诗的感受与他人交流。
理解苏轼富有哲理的话“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”,并联系生活从中获得启示。
一、导入。
庐山景色秀美,山中奇花异木险峰怪穴,流泉飞瀑,山亭云阁。吸引了无数的文人墨客,唐代大诗人李白来到这里写下了《望庐山瀑布》宋代大诗人苏轼来到这里写下了我们今天要学的古诗《题西林壁》(板书)
二、回忆学法。
还记得我们以前学习古诗的方法吗?
三、学习古诗。
(一)知诗人。
(二)解诗题。(并介绍“题壁诗”)
(三)明诗意。
1、请同学们反复朗读,一边读一边思考:你们从这首诗中读懂了什么?
2、与周围同学交流一下你的收获。
3、谁来说说你从这首诗中读懂了什么?
你能告诉我们横着怎么看吗??那什么是山岭?什么是山峰?
同学们的描述不够形象,有哪位同学能用简笔画表达出来?
你能根据你的理解读一读这两名诗吗?
4、苏轼看过庐山不同的姿态后,发出了由衷的感慨……
你能用“之所以……是因为……”说说这两句诗的意思。
反过来说一说。
根据你的理解读一读这两名诗。
(四)悟诗情。
庐山的确很美。横看,山峦起伏,连绵不断;侧看,奇峰陡峭;远看,隐天蔽日;近看,危崖险岩;在高处俯视,深沟幽壑;在山下仰望,重峦叠障。可庐山究竟美在哪里?是雄奇,是壮丽,还是险峻?正如苏轼笔下的《题西林壁》。
听了同学们的朗读,我也想读一读,请你闭上眼睛,让我们随苏轼一起去游庐山。
刚才那一瞬间你仿佛看到了什么?
当在诗人苏轼面对如此美景时,内心又是怎样一种情怀呢?
你能用朗读表达出作者内心的情感吗?
(五)明哲理。
你能想个办法,怎样才能看清庐山的真面目?
还记不记得学过的《画杨桃》一课,揭示了什么道理?
在生活中,你遇到或听说过这样的情况吗?
其实它还可以用在学习上,与别人交往中。像评价我们周围的同学呢?是看他的优点呢?还是看缺点呢?看待别人是这样,评价自己也是如此。只有全面客观地认识了自己,才能取长补短,使自己变得越来越优秀。
四、总结全文。
1、想一想苏轼怎样才写出这首古诗的?
2、这节课你学会了什么?
3、有感情地朗读、背诵这首古诗。
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二十七
����
����1������ê«ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������ê«ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½
����
����
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ú¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ë��ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼?�⣺��ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½(ê¯ï¿½ï¿½)
����ë����ò»ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾
����ê«ï¿½òµ¥½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�����������������øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ῴ�������濴
������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²
����ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª
����5���������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§
����6��ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµê«ï¿½â£¬(è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½)
����
������������1��îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê¶â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½?
����2���������ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²ï¿½ï¿½?
����3��������ê«ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ã¶®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
����è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨
����
����1����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«
����2��ä¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê«
����
������ê«ï¿½ä¡ªï¿½ï¿½ëµê«ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«
����
�������ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼
����
���������ö±ï¿½
����(��)����
�����ᡪ����ࡪ����
����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿
����ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
《题西林壁》教学设计教案篇二十八
����
����1������è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������æ·î¶ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªò»è¦ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ë°é£ï¿½ï¿½õ²å£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½
����2��í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����3�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ð´é½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ð´é½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ë����ìµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£©
����4������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1�����â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ë½â£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����2���벻������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä·ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½í·ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½â®é½ö®ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½
����2��â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ûµä¾ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä«ï¿½í£ï¿½îªâ®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«æªï¿½ï¿½900����ç°ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����3����î»ï¸ï¿½äµï¿½í¬ñ§öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
����4��������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
�����⣺��ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
�������������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����5������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½é£©
��������������õ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ë´ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½äµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ðºü´ï¿½ä³é¾í£ï¿½ï¿½ô´êµä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����7���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1�������é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4�飬ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ë³ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ù¡ï¿½
������2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
������3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê«ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä£ï¿½
���������������ⷽ���������öµä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½é¹¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµè£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë��ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ã¶¼öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²»ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½å£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½í¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������߻���ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è»á¿´ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½
������ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ó¸ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î«£ï¿½ï¿½î¹µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ç¿ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°¸¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ëöªï¿½ï¿½ô���ë£ï¿½
��������ö»ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
������ê¾ê«ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ëöªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½
����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½
����ë������������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
������������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë�ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½
������������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½é½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½?
����������îªê«ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ä¾ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½è«ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë�ü¾ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç¶è¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������𣺿í¹ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����������è±ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ¿´ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ëô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿í¹ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
�����ã±ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð¿í¹ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£
�����������ö±ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½û¡ï¿½ç§ï¿½ë°ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ð´â®é½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ü¶à£¬ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ê¸è¸³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4000���ף���������ê«ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ã»¹öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê«ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½
����������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ê¦ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´â®é½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·å¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����
������â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½
�������
����â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·å£¬
��������������ü½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
�����å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á½«ï¿½ëµø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����äºé«ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½
�������æ·é¶ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ·å¡£
��������ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ñ©ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ó½ñ©ê«ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������õ»ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½â®é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����ê¼öªï¿½é¾³ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½èºï¿½ï¿½
������é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï£ï¿½èªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½
����ç§ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½

一键复制