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每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文书写有哪些要求呢？我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢？以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文，仅供参考，一起来看看吧
即兴演讲的要点及技巧篇一
即兴演讲的误区有哪些你知道吗?你对即兴演讲的误区有哪些了解吗?下面是yjbys小编为大家带来的即兴演讲的误区，欢迎阅读。
通常情况下，即兴演讲是没有时间或仅有极少时间准备的，演讲者即席站起来演讲，和听众进行沟通。即使对于母语是英语的演讲者来说，即兴演讲也是非常有挑战的，更何况对于英语为二语的演讲者。
整体上讲，即兴演讲仍然要遵循前面所陈述过的、好的演讲应该具备的要素，如有价值的主题、坚实的内容支撑、清晰的结构以及台上真诚的沟通等。建议选手们在平时的练习中，需要有意识地将这些原则和要素付诸实施，应用并融入到自己的日常演讲活动中，多多进行训练，使之形成一种习惯。相信长久以往，即使在即兴演讲中你也可以表现得训练有素。
但即兴演讲确实有其自身的、区别于定题演讲的局限和特点，即兴演讲往往更考察选手在短时间内的`思考能力、逻辑能力以及语言组织能力。
在即兴演讲中，由于没有时间准备，往往没有太多思考的时间，选手们所表现出的观点往往显得不那么深入透彻，不那么经得起推敲。但这也正是即兴演讲所要考察选手的一种能力：选手的思考能力。
另外，即兴演讲题目一般都是需要选手在某两种立场或观点中做选择，然而这并不代表选手应该以偏概全。相反选手更应保持开放的心态，向听众呈现自己对某问题的思考，应避免偏激和主观。
记得在一次演讲比赛中，一个选手抽到的即兴演讲题目是“which ones do you prefer, experienced old professors or young teachers?”
小姑娘选择的是年轻教师，这本无可厚非，但问题在于通篇演讲中只谈到了年轻教师是如何好，而没有提及老教师。如此一来，这样的演讲就显得有些偏颇，过于主观和情绪化。所以选手在即兴演讲中更应保持一种开放和沟通的心态，能够认识到自己思考的局限性，并愿意不断地进步和提高。
即兴演讲中，选手应力求保持演讲的结构完整，有头有尾，中间部分是经过支持的主要观点。下面可以给大家一个模板，选手们不妨把正文部分的每个含有主要观点的段落视为给听众烹制的一顿大餐，尝试套用此模板：meal。
m stands for main point.
e stands for examples to support main points.
a refers to analysis and explanation of the point.
l refers to the logical link between the central idea and main point as well as the one between the main point, examples and the analysis.
(这里的meal概念来自james ferris, stephen e. lucas编写的speech composition resources, 7th edition)
下面我们不妨看看steve jobs 2005年斯坦福大学做的毕业演讲的节选。在这篇演讲中他讲了3个关于他自己的故事，其中每一个故事都是一顿“独立的大餐”。
下面是他的第一个故事，我们一起来欣赏一下他是如何为听众“烹制大餐的”。
“the first story is about connecting the dots. i dropped out of reed college after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in for another eighteen months or so before i really quit. so why did i drop out?
it started before i was born. my biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. she felt very strongly that i should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when i popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. so my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "we've got an unexpected baby boy. do you want him?" they said, "of course."my biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. she refused to sign the final adoption papers. she only relented a few months later when my parents promised that i would go to college. this was the start in my life.
and seventeen years later, i did go to college, but i naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. after six months, i couldn't see the value in it. i had no idea what i wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how college was going to help me figure it out, and here i was,spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. so i decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out ok. it was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions i ever made. the minute i dropped out, i could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting. it wasn't all romantic. i didn't have a dorm room, so i slept on the floor in friends' rooms. i returned coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and i would walk the seven miles across town every sunday night to get one good meal a week at the hare krishna temple. i loved it. and much of what i stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. let me give you one example.
reed college at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed. because i had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, i decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. i learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. it was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and i found it fascinating.
none of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. but ten years later when we were designing the first macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the mac. it was the first computer with beautiful typography. if i had never dropped in on that single course in college, the mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since windows just copied the mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. if i had never dropped out, i would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when i was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.
again, you can't connect the dots looking forward. you can only connect them looking backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will some how connect in your future. you have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma,whatever--because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.”
在第一个故事里，他首先向听众直接揭示出他的主题：connecting the dots.接下来，他用自己亲身的经历和例子来支持他的论点，说明他生活的轨迹，他生活的各个片段如何联系起来的。
然后，他进一步解释说明什么是connecting the dots, 以及它的意义所在。
由此看来在第一个故事中，大餐中的所有元素都围绕一个主题有机地、逻辑紧密地联系在一起。
在即兴演讲中，很多选手会马上陷入平时和朋友聊天的节奏，容易语速过快，语言质量不高，过于口语化，有过多的非正常停顿。毕竟即兴演讲仍然是正式的演讲，不是聊天，因此选手要始终保持和听众的沟通，进行有效的眼神交流，保持合适的节奏，保持语言的流畅性和准确度。
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