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广东外语外贸大学 2004 年硕士研究生入学考试英语语言文学及
外国语言学与应用语言学英语写作与翻译试题
Part One Writing (100)
Task 1: Summary Writing (40%)
Directions:
Read carefully the following passage and summarize its contents in 150－200 words. Note
that you must not copy complete sentences directly from the original. Failure to do so would incur
deduction of your scores.
Passage
Plato - who may have understood better what forms the mind of man than do some of our
contemporaries who want their children exposed only to "real" people and everyday events - knew
what intellectual experiences make for tree humanity. He suggested that the future citizens of his
ideal republic begin their literary education with the telling of myths, rather than with mere facts
or so-called rational teachings. Even Aristotle, master of pure reason, said, "The friend of wisdom
is also a friend of myth."
Modem thinkers who have studied myths and fairy tales from a philosophical or
psychological viewpoint arrive at the same conclusion, regardless of their original persuasion.
Mircea Eliade, for one, describes these stories as "models ~for human behavior [that],,:by that
very fact, give .meaning and value to life." Drawing on anthropological parallels, he and others
suggest that myths and fairy tales were derived from, or give symbolic expression to, initiation
rites or rites of passage - such as metaphoric death of an old, inadequate self in order to be reborn
on a higher plane of existence. He feels that this is why these tales meet a strongly felt need and
are carders of such deep meaning.
Other investigators with a depth-psychological orientation emphasize the similarities
between the fantastic events in myths and fairy tales and those in adult dreams and daydreams -
the fulfillment of wishes, the winning out over all competitors, the destruction of enemies - and
conclude that one attraction of this literature is its expression of that which is normally prevented
from coming to awareness.
There are, of course, very significant differences between fairy tales and dreams. For
example, in dreams more often than not the wish fulfillment is disguised, while in fairy tales much
of it is openly expressed. To a considerable degree, dreams are the result of inner pressures which
have found no relief, of problems which beset a person to which he knows no solution and to
which the dream finds none. The fairy tale does the opposite: it projects the relief of all pressures
and not only offers ways to solve problems but promises that a "happy" solution will be found.
We cannot control what goes on in our dreams. Although our inner censorship influences
what we may dream, such control occurs on an unconscious level. The fairy tale, on the other hand,
is very much the result of common conscious and unconscious content having been shaped by the
conscious mind, not of one particular person, but the consensus of many in regard to what they
view as universal human problems, and what they accept as desirable solutions. If all these
elements were not present in a fairy tale, it would not be retold by generation after generation.
Only if a fairy tale met the conscious and unconscious requirements of many people was it
repeatedly retold, listened to with great interest. No dream of a person could arouse such persistent
interest unless it was worked into a myth, as was the story of the pharaoh's dream as interpreted by
Joseph in the Bible.
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