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浙江师范大学 2010 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题
科目代码: 851 科目名称: 英语写作
适用专业:
050201 英语语言文学、050211 外国语言学及应用语言学、
420108 学科教学（英语）
提示：
1、请将所有答案写于答题纸上，写在试题上的不给分；
2、请填写准考证号后 6 位：____________。
I. Summary writing (40%)
Read the following passage and write a summary of it in around 100 words
For purposes of analysis, culture may be examined at four levels: concrete
behavior, values, assumptions, and generalized cultural forms. The last three are
necessarily derived from observations of behavior but can be usefully treated as a
motivational explanation underlying most human behavior. Viewed at the individual
level they are, in effect, internalized components of personality that are generally
shared with other members of the cultural group
Values are relatively concrete, discrete, and specific; for instance, typical
American values are the sanctity of private property, the desirability of physical
comfort, and the need for tangible measures of success. Values also have a quality of
“oughtness” and are relatively available to individual awareness. A person will often
discuss values when explaining his or her own or others’ feelings or behavior.
Assumptions, on the other hand, are more abstract and more outside of conscious
awareness. They represent the predispositions the individual employs to pattern the
world and are usually felt by the individual to be an aspect of the world itself and not
simply his or her perception of it. Examples of American assumption are a
predisposition to see the self as separate from the world and the usual endorsement of
“doing” as the preferred means of self-expression.
Assumptions provide a person with a sense of reality--which is only one of
several possible realities--and values provide a basis for choice and evaluation.
However, assumptions and values merge into one another. What is an assumption for
one individual, or for one culture, may be a value for another individual or for
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