无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都尝试过写作吧,借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。
说课稿结束语篇一
1. 教材分析
《风筝》是人教版义务教育课程标准实验教材第五册第三单元的一篇课文,这篇精读课文写了"我"童年时候和伙伴们做风筝、放风筝和找风筝时的情景。文章语言朴实,笔调清新,文章既写了"我们"放风筝时自由自在、无拘无束的快乐,也写了丢失风筝时的伤心,同时还体现了孩子们对幸福和希望的憧憬。文章自始至终,充满了童真童趣,使人如临其境,如见其景。
本文叙述层次清晰,依照做风筝、放风筝和找风筝的次序把事件的过程交代得一清二楚。在细致的心理描写中表现童趣,是这篇课文的突出特色,孩子们心情的变化是随着事件的发展而自然变化的。另外,文章的结尾是开放型的,意味深长,给人留下丰富的想象空间。
根据课文的特点和学生的实际,我对本课的教学目标和重难点制定如下:
1、联系上下文、联系生活经验,理解"憧憬""垂头丧气"等词语在课文中的意思。
2、通过自由读、默读、个人朗读、齐读等多种方式读书,以读促理解,感悟课文情境。
3、体会小伙伴做、放、找风筝时的"幸福";学习小伙伴们在伤心失望时仍然充满希望,不断找"幸福"的信心和勇气。
重点是引导学生体会在做风筝、放风筝、找风筝的过程中,伙伴们的心情起伏变化,并找出描写心情的词语和句子。
难点是在引导理解孩子们的心情变化的同时,体会作者是怎样把孩子们的心情的变 化写具体的。
基于对教材这样的理解,本课我遵循"以学定教、以人为本、以读带讲"的基本思路,主要采用品词析句、朗读感悟、读写结合、整体把握等方法,具体结合教学过程展开阐述。
下面我详细讲解我的教学设想:
首先课前布置学生搜集有关风筝的资料。这一个课前准备很有意义,它可以开阔学生的视野,养成搜集信息的习惯,对课文的学习非常有利,可惜在实际教学中做的往往不够。
上这篇课文,我是这样导入的:同学们,你们也放过风筝,说说你放风筝的经历。交流后出示有关风筝的资料袋,再让学生给同学介绍。这个环节是从学生熟悉的情境引入。我把生活中的体验引入课堂,让学生在不知不觉中感悟,激发学生的积极性。另一个对课外资源的交流,有利于学生养成搜集资料的好习惯。
第二个环节是初读课文,整体感知。我习惯让学生连读两遍课文,实践证明效果比较好,而且学生是有兴趣的。接着才让学生思考:课文围绕风筝,写了哪些内容?此时相信大部分学生都会找出课文主要写做风筝、放风筝、找风筝。教师板书:做、放、找。指着板书说,请同学们选着三部分内容的任一部分,认真朗读,准备读给全班同学听。在学生个别读的时候,相机教学生字词。这个环节就是引导学生反复读课文。我们在一线上课的老师都有个感觉,如果课文朗读不充分,就忙着感悟,往往收不到较好的效果。
第三个环节是细读课文,品味感悟。这是本节课教学的重点地方。首先让学生读课文第一句,问:我们这些孩子,做风筝、放风筝时有哪些快乐呢?学生浏览课文,交流自己的看法。然后教师引导归纳。先说说作者写做风筝时,哪些词语可以让我们体会到一种快乐。主要抓住这几个关键词:如憧憬。依然。幸福鸟,可根据查字典的方法。联系上下文的方法来理解。在学生发表了意见后,引导学生说说为什么给幸福鸟加上引号。"放风筝"这部分的教学,主要是让学生体会作者是如何把这份快乐表现出来的。首先让学生联系自己的生活经验,谈谈放风筝时,看到什么情景最快乐?相信有放过风筝的人,都会说看到风筝飞起来了最快乐。那么课文是如何把这份快乐写出来的呢?学生讨论交流后,教师引导学生归纳出两条方法:一是直接写,通过写孩子们的动作神态;二是间接写——"村里人看见了,说:放得这么高!"
"可是放风筝也有伤心的时候",教师板书:伤心。请大家默读课文第四自然段,说说从哪些词语看出了孩子们的伤心?这部分采用默读,学生自主分析,教师尽量少牵引,体现出从扶到放的教学原则。"放风筝"这部分的教学还可以放入一个练习:用虽然……但是说说放风筝的心情。学生可以说:放风筝虽然很快乐,但是也有伤心的时候。还可以引导学生说说"做风筝"的心情:虽然做出来的风筝,什么也不像,但是我们依然很快活。这个造句练习,既是说话练习,也是对本节课的课文教学内容进行了小结与回顾。
这带着孩子许多欢乐的风筝消失在茫茫的空中了,它到底到哪儿去了呢?这段的学习可以放手让学生自己去感受找不到风筝的失望心情。接着采用多种形式的读来体会这种复杂的心情,有伤心,有"我们"不放弃希望的乐观精神。
第四个环节是引导想象,拓展学生的思维。
"故事的结尾没有说我们能不能找到那失去的风筝,给我们留下了一个‘……’同学们,我们找到‘我们’的‘幸福鸟’ 了吗?我们仅仅是为了寻找一只风筝吗?还在寻找 什么呢?"学生展开想象,小组交流。学生能从讨论交流中明白我们在寻找幸福鸟带给我们的快乐、幸福和憧憬,我们是在寻找我们幸福的寄托!只要我们寻找下去,总有一天,我们会找到我们的"幸福鸟".
爱因斯坦曾说过:"想象力比知识更重要,因为知识是有限的,而想象力概括着世界上的一切,推动着进步,并且是知识的源泉。" 创新离不开想像,想象离不开假设。一个事件可以有多种办法,一个故事可以有多种结局。教师要善于用假设延伸课文内容,来培养学生的想象力。
板书设计:
做风筝 憧憬
风筝 放风筝 快乐 寻找幸福
找风筝 伤心
总之,这篇课文我主要教学"做风筝、放风筝。找风筝"这三部分。通过熟悉内容的引入,激起学生的学习兴趣;通过反复朗读课文,熟悉课文的语言与内容;通过细读品味,学会理解词语的方法,把课内外结合起来。实现了语文教学的人文性与工具性的统一。
说课稿结束语篇二
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说课稿结束语篇三
运算定律与简便算法这一小节是对学过的有关知识进行整理和复习。加法的交换律、结合律,乘法的交换律、结合律和分配律,是小学数学中简便计算的根据,也是学生今后进一步学习的基础。因此,我制定了以下三个方面的教学目标。
1.知识与技能:通过整理和复习,学生形成一定的知识网络,系统掌握运算定律,能按照题目的具体情况选择简便的解答方法。
2.过程与方法:通过整理、交流、合作、探究,体验探究的乐趣,感受数学的价值,培养学生“学数学,用数学”的意识。
3.情感与态度:激发学生对学习简算技能、形成简算意识的积极的情感体验,有意培养学生的简算意识,并最终养成简算习惯。
教学重点:整理运算定律。
教学难点:合理、灵活地运用运算定律进行简算。
根据教材内容、教学目标及学生特点,在学生已有知识经验的基础上,以学生自主探究整理为主线,辅以讨论、交流等方法组织教学,使学生能在一个开放的氛围中完成学习任务。
本节课分四个环节进行教学。
1.激趣导入,复习旧知
兴趣是最好的老师,有了动机、兴趣才能去从事各种活动,从而达到一定的目的。因此,课堂伊始,我就抛出两个问题:①你们想知道老师的年龄吗?②你们想知道老师家的电话号码吗?然后微笑着告诉学生:算完下面的题,你们就会有答案了。
题目如下: 500)=500;" >
有了这样一个外在因素的刺激,同样的计算,学生做起来的积极性就会大不一样。
2.巧设疑问,自主整理
整理运算定律是本课的教学重点。在复习的过程中。学生会感觉到学过的运算定律有很多,需要对它进行整理。那怎样进行整理呢?学生思考后交流,结合学生的交流结果,我设计了几个问题引导学生自主合作进行整理:①你能说出我们学过的所有运算定律吗?②你能把它进行分类整理吗?③你能用什么方式表示呢?④你能将整理结果制成学习卡片吗?在问题的引导下,学生积极思考、主动探究、合作交流,将整理结果制成一张张学习卡片。通过比较、欣赏、评价这些学习卡,学生可以得出按运算方式将运算定律分成两类或按运算定律的意义将其分成三类,并总结出用字母表示运算定律是最好的整理方法,既简洁又清晰,便于理解和记忆。这样一个自主活动的过程,能让学生切实体会到分类整理是一种很好的学习方法,在以后的知识整理中还可以借鉴这种方法。
3.层层深入,发展能力
在数学课堂上,我们常常会听到这样的提问:老师,这道题目要不要用简便方法计算?这说明学生的简算意识还很差。那么,在复习课上,怎样培养学生的简算意识和习惯,提高学生的简算能力呢?我主要从以下几个方面入手。
(1)读一读——会审题
学生计算时往往带有盲目性和随意性,不看清题目就急于进行计算。因此,我首先设计了“读一读”,让学生仔细阅读每一道题。题目如下: 500)=500;" > 500)=500;" >
能简算的题有:( )。
然后学生交流:你刚才是怎么读题的?都思考了些什么呢?通过这样的环节,学生知道正确运用运算定律的前提是学会审题。同时在计算中,要善于观察题中的数字特点和运算符号,并思考如何合理运用运算定律,使计算简便。这样既避免了计算的盲目性,又培养了良好的审题习惯。
(2)议一议——会反思
反思是发现的源泉,是训练思维、优化思维品质、促进知识同化和迁移的极好途径。因此,我有意识地设计了学生易错易混淆的题。题目如下: 500)=500;" >
学生同桌之间讨论这样的计算是否合理,再反思:看了刚才这些题,你能从中得到什么启示吗?或者你想提醒自己注意些什么?从而让学生发现自己的不足,并查找根源,寻求对策,以免再犯,进一步提高自己的计算能力。
(3)做一做——会计算
复习课上题目的具体设计是值得教师认真思考的问题。本节课练习题的设计,我力求少而精,对学生有一定的挑战性。题目如下: 500)=500;" >
这些题,学生只有边做边审题,运用整体思维观察算式,寻找特点,并综合各法,才能算得又对又快又合理,进而形成娴熟的运算技能。
(4)编一编——会运用
为了培养学生的发散思维,我把出题权交给学生,让他们当小老师,设计一道可以简便计算的题。题目如下: 500)=500;" >
要求:任选几个数,只添上“+”、“-”、“×”、“÷”号,拼成一道可以简便计算的题,考考你的同桌。
4.总结提升,学会学习
课堂不仅是学生学会知识的主阵地,更是学生学会学习的主阵地。因此,在这节课即将结束时,我让学生自由地谈收获和体会,使学生的认知水平得到提高,为今后的学习奠定基础。
纵观全课设计,我以学生自主探究、合作交流贯穿始终,精心设计各个教学环节,让学生主动积极地学习,体会到整理知识的好处,感受到简算的优越性,使本节课既达到了整理复习的目的,又提高了学生合理、灵活地运用简便算法的能力。
说课稿结束语篇四
本节内容包括了动能 势能 机械能三大知识点,其中动能,重力势能,弹性势能八年级已经接触过一些实例,现在是全面的认识它们.能又是与功紧密联系的一个物理量,所以本节具有承上的'作用.又由于它为认识内能打下了基础,故它同时也有启下的作用.
1.知识与技能:
(1)知道动能 势能 机械能的概念,知道动能 势能与哪些因素有关。
(2)知道动能和势能能是可以相互转换的。
2.方法与过程:
(1)体验物理知识的探究过程和研究方法(如控制变量法和转换法)
(3)体验用类比方法,加深对物理概念理解的过程,学会迁移学习。
3.情感、态度、价值观:
(1)通过演示实验 实例分析激发学生对科学的求知欲,提高学习物理的兴趣,增强学科学用科学的意识。
(2)引导学生分析 讨论在实验的过程中出现的新问题,培养学生实事求是,敢于质疑的科学素养和合作交流的人文素养。
(3)学会自己查找资料,培养自学的能力。
重点:决定动能 弹性势能 重力势能的因素
难点:解释有关动能 弹性势能 重力势能之间相互转化的物理现象.
电子白板,多媒体课件,斜面,力学小车,砝码,斜槽,钢球,木块,橡皮筋,压缩弹簧,单摆,滚摆等。
通过一年的物理学习,已经具备了一定的实验探究能力和空间想象能力,形象思维和抽象思维都有了不同程度的发展,分析问题、解决问题的能力也更加进步。但是初三的学生往往是不爱发言,不主动表现自我,课堂气氛比起初二的学生沉闷。需要教师的积极、灵活的调动。他们不喜欢枯燥的理论分析和教条式的计算,但乐于参与动手实验、观察现象、了解与物理规律有关的图片。在玩中学更能激发学生的情感。动能 重力势能 弹性势能在初二学生已经接触过,可以按通过实验自己探索动能 势能的决定因素,并用所学知识解释有关的生活现象、科学事件。这样才更能激发和培养他们的创造性。
本节课以学为本,因学论教.在教学中创设情景,引导启发,分析讨论,归纳结论.运用的方法有提问法,谈话法,讨论法,观察比较法,探究法等.
以自主探究为主,,学生在学习的过程中分析事例发现问题 动手实验 分析归纳 巩固练习.运用了讨论法,类比法,控制变量法.
:
(一).创设情景 引入新课
当一个力作用在物体上,物体在这个力的作用下,沿力的方向上通过了一段距离,这个力的作用有了成效,就说这个力做了功。
出示斜槽,并演示钢球从斜槽上滚下,在水平桌面上撞击木块,使木块移动了一段距离。让学生分析碰撞过程中,做没做功?
利用学生分析的结果“钢球对木块做了功”引入能量的概念:一个物体能够做功,我们就说它具有能量。可见物理学中,能量和功有着密切的联系,能量反映了物体做功的本领。
不同的物体做功的本领也不同。一个物体能够做的功越多,表示这个物体的能量越大。
(二).合作学习 进行新课
物体具有能量的形式是多种多样的,以后我们将逐步认识各种形式的能量。刚才的实验中钢球撞击木块能够做功,但若将钢球停靠在木块一侧(边讲边演示),这时的钢球并不能推动木块做功。只有运动的钢球才能推动木块做功。
1.动能:物体由于运动而能够做功,它们具有的能量叫做动能。
引导学生广泛地列举事例,说明运动的空气、水和各种物体都能够做功,而具有动能。概括出“一切运动的物体都具有动能。”
列举事例说明:运动的物体具有的动能多少不尽相同。如狂风能吹倒大树,而微风只能使树枝摇动。进而通过演示实验,概括出决定物体动能大小的因素。 演示课本图1-1实验,实验可分三步:
①将同一个钢球,从斜面不同高度滚下,让学生观察钢球将木块推动的距离。木块被推动的距离不同,说明钢球对木块做的功不同。木块被推动得越远,表明钢球的动能越大。实验说明:从不同高度滚下的钢球,具有不同的动能。
②上面的实验表明钢球从较高处滚下时具有的动能大。那么钢球从不同的高度滚下时有什么不同呢?我们可通过观察实验来得到结论。将质量相同的两个钢球,同时从斜槽的最高点和接近斜槽底部的位置释放。从最高点滚下的钢球能在水平槽上追上从接近底部滚下的钢球。实验表明从高处滚下的钢球速度大。从而得到结论:物体的动能与速度有关,速度越大,物体的动能越大。
③换用不同质量的钢球,从同一高度让其滚下,让学生观察钢球推动木块的距离。从而得出结论:运动物体的质量越大,动能就越大。
演示实验之后,总结实验结果:运动物体的速度越大,质量越大,动能就越大。
2.势能:物体由于运动的原因而具有动能,物体还可能由于其他的原因而具有能量。例如,同学们都玩过用橡皮筋弹射纸弹的游戏,拉长的橡皮筋能给纸弹一个力,并推动纸弹移动一段距离,从而对纸弹做了功。同样拉弯的弓,压缩的弹簧也能够做功,它们都具有能量,这种能量叫做弹性势能,它是由于物体发生弹性形变而具有的能量。
解释弹性形变:物体受到外力作用而发生的形状变化,叫做形变。如果外力撤消,物体能够恢复原状,这种形变叫做弹性形变。列举事例说明物体的弹性形变。如:拉长的弹簧,压扁的皮球,弯曲的钢锯条,上紧的钟表发条等。
利用课本图1-4的实验,阐明物体的弹性形变越大,它具有的弹性势能就越大。为节省课堂时间,课前将两个性质相同弹簧,按照课本图1-4压缩到不同的
长度。先后将拉紧弹簧的绳烧断,两次砝码被弹起的高度不同。弹簧压得越紧,放松时它做的功越多,表示它的弹性势能越大。
被举高的重物,也能够做功。例如:举高的铅球,落地时能将地面砸个坑;举高的夯落下时能把木桩打入地里。举高的物体具有的能量叫重力势能。
列举事例说明:物体的质量越大,举得越高,它具有的重力势能越大。如:举起同样高度的铅球和乒乓球,铅球落下时做的功多,具有的重力势能大。铅球举得越高,具有的重力势能就越大。
引导学生讨论树上结的苹果是否具有重力势能?通过讨论使学生理解“一个物体能够做功”的含义。能够做功只是说物体具有了做功的“本领”,但不一定做了功。树上结的苹果虽然没有做功,但只要它从树上掉下来就能做功,所以我们说它具有重力势能。
3.机械能:让学生分析静止在桌面上的钢球是否具有能量?(具有重力势能)继而让学生分析在桌面上滚动的钢球具有什么能?通过分析得知滚动的钢球既有动能,又有势能。
动能和势能统称为机械能。一个物体既有动能,又有势能,那么动能和势能的和就是它的总机械能。
4.能量的单位:从前面的讨论,我们可以认识到能量是跟做功有密切联系的概念,能量反映了物体具有做功的本领,能量的大小可以用能够做功的多少来衡量。因此,动能、势能和机械能的单位跟功的单位相同,也是焦耳。
5.动能与势能的关系 可以相互转化
通过做单摆和滚摆实验来学习,并具通过多媒体课件再加强
(四)内化提高 实际应用
通过以下问题的讨论,进一步帮助学生理解能量、动能、势能、机械能等概念及机械能的单位。
(1)高山上有一块大石头,稳稳地待在那里,它有没有能量?有什么能量?
(2)列举几个物体具有动能、重力势能、弹性势能的事例。
(3)在空中飞行的球,它具有的重力势能是5焦,具有的动能是4焦,这只球具有的总机械能是多少?
(4)在同一高度铅球和棒球具有的重力势能不相等,若使它们的重力势能相等,可采取哪些方法?
(5)从斜槽上端滚下的小球,它有没有重力势能?在它下滚的过程中重力势能的大小有没有变化?为什么?在滚下的过程中有没有动能?它的动能有没有变化?为什么?
(五).课堂小结 感悟收获
12.1动能 势能 机械能
1.动能
定义:物体由于运动而具有的能
一切物体都具有动能
决定因素:物体的质量与速度
2.势能 动能与势能的总称
(1)重力势能
定义:物体由于被举高而具有的能
一切在被举高的物体都具有重力势能
决定因素:物体的质量和物体被举的高度
(2)弹性势能
定义:物体由于发生弹性形变而具有的能
一切发生弹性形变的物体都具有弹性势能
决定因素:弹性形变的大小,物体的弹性形变越大,弹性势能越大 机械能的单位:j
3.动能与势能的关系 动能与势能可以相互转化
说课稿结束语篇五
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