范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文,欢迎大家分享阅读。
历史教学反思的意义篇一
第一,教学过程中对知识的主次、轻重把握不稳,导致在教学中面面俱到,为争取教学时间讲的过快,给学生思考的时间比较少。我分析了一下个中原因,发现主要还是因为自己在引导学生学习方面的能力非常欠缺,于是为了避免在课堂上出现尴尬的空白,我不断地讲,“成就”了标准的“填鸭式”的教学,这样做的后果是我讲的累,学生听的也累,事倍功半。
第二,还不能做到因材施教。面对不同历史知识水平的教改班和实验班学生,我没能制定出不同的有针对性的教学方案。这样一来,基础好的学生历史知识水平不能得到有效提高,而基础薄弱的学生学习起来又相当吃力,不利于他们的长足进步。
第三,在新的教学理念的指导下,我也尝试着对原来的教学模式进行改革创新,一开始误以为一堂好课就是要把学生调动起来,积极参与课堂教学,而把学生调动起来的标志就是到处是学生的声音,课堂氛围好,气氛活跃。这样做的后果是在课堂教学中我有意无意地走向了庸俗化,片面追求课堂里的热闹,使本来井然有序的课堂变成了一盘散沙,最终的结果是把自己从教学活动的组织者、指导者完完全全变成了课堂纪律的维护者、监管者。在这样的意识指导下必然会冲淡教学的主题,把有组织、有内涵、有目的、探求知识的课堂变成了类似于放牛羊的牧场,盲无目的、放任自流。自己上课时感觉把学生调动得很积极,氛围好,而最终的学习效果却并不是很理想,甚至于导致学生只记得搞笑的地方,对应该掌握的知识一无所知,能够培养的能力一无所有。在不断的摸索过程中,我得到这样的经验教训:课堂活动中需要创造积极的氛围,但是千万不能走极端化,一定要注意活动的本质,即要调动学生的学习兴趣,又要动而有效。
第四,只懂罗列史实,不会深化,突出表现在对课本知识的挖掘程度不够深。我在历史教学中也尝试着使用灵活多样的教学方式,把抽象的内容直观化,使历史课堂丰富多彩。我误以为历史材料越多越好,于是导致有时候课堂上仅仅是一些历史资料的堆砌。没有体系,没有系统,只是一盘散沙,甚至于我忽略了自己点拨指导者的身份,仅仅将大量的事实、材料、图片罗列。学生尽管获得了大量的感性材料,以及自己的一些理性认识,但是至于正确与否却不得而知了。而教师忽略讲解的同时往往容易造成学生自身认知的误区,对自已形成的错误看法没有及时纠正,长此以往就无法正确理解问题、分析问题、解决问题,那么又将从何谈起去解决实际生活中的困难?因此,我认识到,采用灵活多样的教学方式并不意味着教师就要“下岗”,反而对教师本身的素质提出了更高的要求,如何选取典型的材料,如何把握住材料与论点之间的链条,如何挖掘材料内在的灵魂等都成为更高层次教师的必备条件。简单的理念讲解只会空泛,而简单的罗列材料只会使学生变得具体而缺乏深度。所以二者如何结合,比例如何,选取的时机等都成为我日后需要探讨的问题。
以上是我工作以来的一些心得体会,在今后的教学过程中,我要求自己牢记经验教训,多向教学经验丰富的教师学习,同时努力提高自身的综合素质,立志成为一名优秀的历史教师。
历史教学反思的意义篇二
������îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦,���ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,��îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ê±,í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºü¶à²»ï¿½ï¿½.
������ò»,��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµ½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ä½²ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò£¬·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ç·è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä¿õ°×£ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ïµø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾í¡ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê·öªê¶ë®æ½ï¿½ä½ì¸ä°ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·öªê¶ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½àµ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������âµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ô���ä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ä¸ï´´ï¿½â£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ãºã¿î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½î§ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½×»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é¢é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â±ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ñ§ï°ð§ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½çµã¸ï¿½ð¦ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½òµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ô¿î±ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ì¶è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é¢é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ã²¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½öªï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³éµä´ï¿½ï¿½ó¿´·ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½å½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä±ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½²ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½õ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ñ¡è¡ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªì½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
�����������ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î¼ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ä½ï¿½ê¦ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½
历史教学反思的意义篇三
在校科研处、教务处的指导下,经过一两个月的课堂教学改革的尝试,用“五四爱国运动”这堂课来进行全市的教学方法的探讨。谈不上什么经验,只是在转变教师的教及学生学习方式的做法方面谈谈自己的一点感受。
课堂教学模式的改革关键在教师,核心在理念引擎,重心是提高课堂效率,而中心落脚点确是每节课导学提纲和导学案的设计。只有在优质、科学、高效的导学提纲的引领下,才能真正唤醒学生自主、合作、探究的欲望,也才能真正体现自主学习的课堂教学模式。下面我就从如何设计导学提纲和导学案两大板块说一下我的具体做法。
制定切实可行的导学提纲,是上好每一节课的前提和保障,它是一节课教学内容的路线图,是教师对教材的重新加工、处理和提炼,学生了解了学习的路线图,自己就明白每一步去干啥,也就是用以指导学生依纲自学。
导学提纲的设计分为五步:一是学习目标;二是学法指导三是;知识梳理;四是知识理解与运用;五是知识结构的构建;六是达标检测。
每一步的具体要求是:
1.学习目标:认真钻研教材,制定学习目标,使学生在自学前就明确本节课的学习目标。
2.学法指导:根据学生情况、教材内容等,提出学法建议。供学生参考。
3.知识梳理:历史学科的特点是知识琐碎,点小而多,不便于学生把握,
课前把知识框架用填空的方式整理出来印发给学生,以此方式阅读教材从而达到对知识的了解目的。
4.知识的理解与运用:根据教学内容的需要并符合学生的实际能力去创设一些问题,问题要遵循“知识问题化,问题层次化”原则,具体来说
①问题要能启发学生的思维。
②问题不要太多太碎。
③问题应能引导学生阅读并思考。
④问题的叙述应引发学生积极思考、积极参与。
总之,通过“知识问题化,问题层次化”的环环相扣、逐层递进的导学提纲设计,意在激发起学生学习的动机。而要使教师设计的问题有价值,达到导学之目的,我觉得不看书不行,看书不详细也不行,光看书不思考不行,思考不深不透也不行,所以在设计的导学问题必须真正达到让学生从教师设计的问题中找到解决问题的方法,学会看书,学会探究,学会自学,学会合作。
5.知识结构的构建:在学生掌握本节课基础之上,你将如何设计本课的知识结构?培养了学生动脑手的能力。
5.达标检测:注重基础,突出重点。面向全体,关注差异。
以上是我在导学提纲设计过程中的一些做法和想法,那么如何把导学提纲各个环节的任务落到实处,我想导学案的执行就显得尤为重要。接下来谈一下导学案的操作。
导学案的操作我主要是围绕“教师主导,学生主体”指导思想来进行的,根据学生的情况进行操作。具体包括“学一学、用一用、议一议、动一动、做一做”等五个环节。
(一)学一学
依据高一学生的情况,结合教学的具体内容,围绕课标要求,使每一个学生都能完成完成导学提纲中的任务。课堂中将完成不妥当之处讲解。使之明确答案。
(二)用一用
1.让学生围绕知识点,自己学着设计题目。这个环节必须是学生自己独立思考完成,目的在于培养学生的自学能力。
2.课堂上,将学生设计选择代表性问题展示,针对问题设计是否合理,进行评议,营造一个互帮互助、互相交流、合作交流的平台。之后教师根据学生所评点拨正确设计题目的原则、方法。
(三)议一议
教师提前设计的题目,依据历史与现实之间的关系的学科特点,让同学互相讨论、议论,从而达到历史为现实服务的目的。
(四)动一动
在知识学习结束时,组织学生设计知识结构,提升概括能力。通过比较展示同学们的设计,大家评议,教师点拨,从而帮助学生建立完整的知识结构。
(五)做一做
针对全班同学进行检测,试题要注重基础,突出重点,以便更确切的了解学生掌握知识的具体情况。
总之,设计好导学案是上好课的前提。课堂上教师的机智灵活运用导学案又是上好课的关键。每一个环节中都不能离开教师的点拨疑难问题的解答。
下面我就“导学案”课堂教学模式的尝试谈一些感受,一点思考。
1.进行探究的前提是教师理念的转变,多研究些理论,多借鉴些别人的做法,要找到适合自己和学生的有效方式,而不是机械的模仿形式。每个学科有区别,每个年级有差异,每一课也都不相同。
2.历史一向被学校、学生视为小科。在历史课堂上总有个别学生有写别的学科作业的现象,这一课我在几个班级试讲,这种现象没有了。因为人人有事做,事事需动脑动手。
3.无论是自学还是展示,采取激励和赏识的态度,这样学生的参与度就有了保障。学生能全程参与,就是充分发挥了学生的主体作用。
4.课堂上应该有利于各种学生的培养。思维活跃者生在课堂中的表现更加优秀,平日不愿意发言的人也能感受到了关注、感受到了赏识、感受到了帮助,思维也被带动了。
5.高效的课堂呼唤高标准,严要求的老师,学生要学习,老师要与时俱进,不断提高业务水平,只有老师站得高,才能带学生看得远。
对我来讲这只是新的教学方法的刚起步,还有许多的不足。我会继续认真探索研究!
历史教学反思的意义篇四
������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ´¦µï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ðµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ì¼ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ì¸ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
�������ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ä¸ä¸ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ùºíµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½äµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ùºíµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµäµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô½ì²äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½îªï¿½å²½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ï¿½;����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;����öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;����öªê¶ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;���ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½
����1.ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê¡£
����2.ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3.öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½
������ç°ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ë·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä´ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����4.öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ��öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò£¬¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ
����������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½
���������ⲻòªì«ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½é¡£
����������ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������������ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªê¹ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ö®ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½â¿´ï¿½é²»ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²»í¸ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµäµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½á¿´ï¿½é£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5.öªê¶ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ã½«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½á¹¹?������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5.����⣺ע�ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£
�������������úµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½î°ñµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµ½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ¼ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ò»ï¿½âµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡±ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����(ò»)ñ§ò»ñ§
�������ý¸ï¿½ò»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½î§ï¿½æ¿î±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ê¹ö®ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ð°¸¡ï¿½
����(��)��ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����1.��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2.�����ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬óªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò¡¢·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����(��)��ò»ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê·îªï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����(��)��ò»ï¿½ï¿½
������öªê¶ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½õ¹ê¾í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½
����(��)��ò»ï¿½ï¿½
�������è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºãµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºã¿îµï¿½ç°ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºã¿îµä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½äµã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ò¾í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1.����ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����2.��ê·ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªð¡ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¼¶ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶¯ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����3.��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����4.������ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä±ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬æ½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ô¸ï¿½â·¢ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����5.��ð§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦õ¾ï¿½ã¸ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ð²½£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½!
历史教学反思的意义篇五
“一个教师写一辈子教案不一定成为名师,如果一个教师写三年反思有可能成为名师”。新课改的路程还很漫长,唯有经过实践、积累、反思、总结,我们才能在新课改中站稳脚跟,立于不败之地。
在课堂教学过程中,学生是学习的主体,学生总会有"创新的火花"在闪烁,教师应当充分肯定学生在课堂上提出的一些独特的见解,这样不仅使学生的好方法、好思路得以推广,而且对学生也是一种赞赏和激励。同时,这些难能可贵的见解也是对课堂教学的补充与完善,可以拓宽教师的教学思路,提高教学水平。
在教学前,我们要对学生细细的琢磨反思,然后才能因材施教,培养出人才。在历史教学中,特别是高一历史,由于在体系上和学习方法上与初中历史有较大的差别,一开始高一新生普遍感到历史特别难,如果教师不加以及时的引导,经过一段时间困难学习后,许多学生都感到学习历史的希望没有了,放弃了。经常听老师抱怨:“我讲的已经很简单了,但学生还是不懂”这怪不得学生,是老师没有及时去反思学生的心理障碍。
在教学方法上,我们应抛弃原先那种“一张嘴、一本书、一支粉笔”的怪圈。采用多样的教学方法和教学手段,可以提高学生学历史的兴趣,培养动手能力。在现代历史教学中,学生喜爱的教学手段是 多媒体 cai动画、录像等。如多媒体教学,可以增加教学内容和教学信息,使抽象的问题简单化、使静态的理论动态化,从而化难为易。
教学,不仅仅是一种告诉,更重要的是如何引导学生在情境中去经历、去体验、去感悟、去创造。教学过程中,学生常常会于不经意间产生出“奇思妙想”、生发出创新火花,教师不仅应在课堂上及时将这些细微之处流露出来的信息捕捉、加以重组整合,并借机引发学生开展讨论,给课堂带来一份精彩,给学生带来几分自信。更应利用课后反思去捕捉、提炼,既为教研积累了第一手素材,又可拓宽教师的教学思路,提高教学水平。
“授人以鱼,只供一饭之需;授人以渔,则受益终生!”把解题的钥匙交给学生,让学生学会自学。面对新课程、新教材,我们应积极应对,以促使学生学习方法的转变。
历史教学反思的意义篇六
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ð´ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·´ë¼ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸äµï¿½â·ï¿½ì»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¨ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½è½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
����
�����ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä»ð»¨£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¹ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íºí¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿é¹ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç¶ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú½ï¿½ñ§ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¥ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ïºï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ð½ï´ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ã»ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ê±è¥ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�����ö¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ò»ö§ï¿½û±ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ã½ï¿½ï¿½ cai������â¼ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºí½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½×¡ï¿½
����
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ð»¨£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¸î¢ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý¾ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îºï¿½ë¼è¥ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������㣬ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½è£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì¡ï¿½ï¿½â½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ä¡£
历史教学反思的意义篇七
教学反思毕竟是以教学水平的提高为其归宿的,这种循环往复的反思过程带来教师自身反思水平的提高,也对教师的教学水平的提高有所裨益。让教师自觉承担起学习和能力提高的责任,具有学习的主动性和自主权。教师在自我进修、自主学习的基础上,以自己的教育教学活动为思考对象,来对自己所做出的行为、决策及由此产生的结果进行审视和分析,用教育科学研究的方式,主动地获取知识,应用知识解决教学实际问题,提高参与者的自我觉察水平,促进自身能力的发展。
在实际教学工作中我们只有运用头脑真正地反思,才会有我们教师自身的发展,才会有学生的发展。通过我这段时间的历史教学实践,结合教学反思,使我真正的体会到反思对一个教师成长的重要性,下面我就来谈一谈“反思”给我带来的益处。
(1)赏识的目光象阳光,照到哪里哪里亮:
教师在上每节课时,都会有自己的感受,或愉悦、或平淡、或痛苦、或气愤,在这不同的情绪中,往往蕴藏着宝贵的经验教训。有一次,我在上完历史课后,感觉非常惬意与喜悦,因为平时上课不听讲、很爱说话的两位同学居然在那节课上从始至终保持积极状态,后来,我仔细回忆每个细节,不禁豁然开朗:课前,我走进教室,对学生说:“哪位同学帮老师把图片准备好?” 徐世慧和马蕊琪就不约而同主动去做了,我在课上对她们热爱劳动和乐于助人进行了表扬,学生报以鼓励的掌声。徐世慧和马蕊琪脸上洋溢着被肯定的自豪感,那堂课上的表现与以往也就大相径庭了:潜心贯注的'听讲,争先恐后的发言,面红耳赤的讨论。针对他们的变化课堂上共响起5次掌声,它缓解课堂的紧张气氛,就象润滑剂一样,使枯燥的知识变得有趣,使学生感觉象做游戏一样,在愉快中获得了知识。寻找闪光点真诚赞美、赏识激励,这一条作为宝贵的工作经验被我收入行囊,并在以后的工作中运用,成效很大。
(2)尊重和理解象明灯,指引教育迈向成功:
由于历史学科的特点,要求识记的知识很多,在日常教学中,为了很好的巩固所学的知识,我采取的措施是,每节课在讲新授课前,总是进行小测验,不合格的同学要受到一定的惩罚。记得有一次测验时,有一名同学早做了“准备”,当她小心翼翼惴惴不安地“行动”时,我悄悄的走到她的身边,轻轻的在她的桌上点了三下,这三下既有对她行为的提醒,又有对她行为的“包庇”,公布于众与尊重暗示中我选择了后者。她当时不好意思的低下了头。从这件小事之后,楼道中擦肩而过中多了一双真诚而感激的眼睛,她在以后的测验中没有再发生过作弊现象,而且每次都考得非常好。我在教学反思中写下:“即便学生有错,也要给学生留面子,也要丝毫不怀疑他们自省和改正错误的能力,尊重学生、理解学生,关注学生的内心世界,是教育成功的秘诀。”
有一次,在课上,我有意识地贯彻新课标,上了一节以“讨论”和“学生编演课本剧”为主线的历史课。课前,由于我做了充分的备课和精心的课堂设计,所以我满怀信心地走进了课堂,谁知那堂课上得乱七八糟,课堂秩序混乱不堪,课本剧的节目还没上演就草草收场……从讲台上我灰头土脸地下来之后,在反思记录上我这样写到:“这节课我耗费的精力最多,但却上得最失败,究竟是为什么呢?”我百思不得其解,不得不请教几位同学,他们告诉我说:“老师,分组讨论可有学问了。首先,你得选一个有威信、有震撼力的组长;其次,不能自由结组,平时混得不错的哥们儿姐们儿坐在一起,可不就只剩下谈天说地了!”我恍然大悟,此后,在课堂组织的问题上,我更加注意细节问题,把课堂上可能出现的问题尽可能想周全……我想,我的这一进步,不得不归功于课堂反思的驱动力。
通过课堂实践,我真真切切体会到了反思对课堂教学的反馈指导,对教师成长至关重要。经验+反思=成长。积极参与教学科研,在工作中勇于探索创新,在行动和研究中不断提高自己的反思水平,做一个“反思型”“研究型”的教师。大浪淘沙,回顾反思我不再一味重复昨天的故事,而是在今天的尝试中变化、改进。你想跑得更快吗?你想从众多的竞争者之中脱颖而出吗?那么,在每天繁忙的工作之余,请抽出一点点宝贵的时间来“反思”吧!
历史教学反思的意义篇八
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ�������ä·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ã½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯îªë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½é´ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
������êµï¿½ê½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ò»ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´¦ï¿½ï¿½
������1����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½îºó£¬¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªæ½ê±ï¿½ï¿î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ïµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½à¾¶í¥ï¿½ë£ï¿½ç±ï¿½ä¹ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½'���������è¿öºï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5����������������ãµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»¬¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ü´ï¿½
������2�����øºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ê·ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬òªï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½çµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ü¶à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½îªï¿½ëºüºãµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½è¡ï¿½ä´ï¿½ê©ï¿½ç£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§òªï¿½üµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ò²òªë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ø¹á³¹ï¿½â¿î±ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ç¡±îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½öµä±ï¿½ï¿½îºí¾ï¿½ï¿½äµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ëöªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß°ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¾í²ý²ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½òºä·ñµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¼ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð£¬¿é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ê£ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬´ëºï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½é¹¦ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½+��ë¼=�é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ë¼ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ë·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î¶ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ì·±ã¦ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ã±¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½
历史教学反思的意义篇九
今天,我在组内出了一堂公开课《八年级历史第三单元复习课》,以下是主要教学过程:
(一)、选择题部分:
1、学生阅读试卷进行自我分析。
2、提出较难题的题号,以便师生共同分析讨论。
(二)、组合列举部分:由班级后三分之一学生完成。(为避免错字,学生到前面板书)
(三)、材料解析题部分:
1、小组讨论
(学生四人小组继续活动,完成材料解析题的讨论,讨论内容主要为近代化到现代化探索感悟等)教师巡视。
2、小组汇报:四人小组中一人汇报,其余同学可作必要补充。
教师指导答题方法。(题号15、17)
(四)、综合探究题部分:师生共同完成。
学生归纳全卷知识点并与教材相结合。
学生个人整理卷中错题,并改在错题本上(如有疑问可继续与教师、同学交流)。
课后教研组教师提出了宝贵意见尤其是孟主任,以下是我的教学反思:
1.选择题部分,学生查找错误原因,进行自我分析并探讨共性问题,效果较好。组合列举部分:为避免错字,学生到前面板书,并由班级后三分之一学生完成,关注了学困生。
2采取小组合作方式,学生主体参与意识强,体现了合作意识。
学生基础知识把握较好。
3初三毕业班小组互助时间分配上把控问题,还需多思,四十五分钟,时间有限。如何提高复习效率?进行怎样的复习学生能力才能提高?面对开卷考试,学生的记忆知识还要不要?这一切都需要去摸索、去分析、去尝试。
4、在教学手段上,要注重学生参与。因为是复习,所以学生应该能将学过的知识回忆出来,老师只要呈现、引导。充分发挥老师的主导地位和学生的主体作用。
5、在教学步骤上,分析材料是本堂课的难点,教师不仅让学生知道答案是什么,而且还要知道为什么这样答?答题思路和技巧是什么?如何让学生从多个角度去尝试运用所学知识,这些都是教学中攻克的主要目标。
根据以上分析,我将本单元的复习流程调整如下:
1、课前考查知识点。采取方式:竞赛、口答等。
2、出示学习目标,老师指出本单元的重要性,激发学生的学习热情。
3、基础训练:通过学生独立完成练习,再进行小组合作答疑,巩固考点知识。通过老师点拨,自己解决疑问,并用考点知识完成相关练习题目。
4、学法指导和激发信心。
5、提高训练:针对中考,做一些难度稍大的练习,加深对考点的理解。
历史教学反思的意义篇十
�������죬�������ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��������������å£ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����������������ð¾ù²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½é°à¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©
���������������ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����1��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªîªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó¡ï¿½
����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë»ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£
������ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½15��17��
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ã²¢ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½â±¾ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¿é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����1.ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ö£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò£¬½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ù²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°à¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��è¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ïºã¡ï¿½
����3������òµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é»¥ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï°ð§ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï°ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªè¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����4���ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����5���ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îµï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½òªöªï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªä¿ï¿½ê¡£
�����������ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
����1����ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����2����ê¾ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����3������ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����5�����ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
历史教学反思的意义篇十一
曾记《学记》中有这样一句话“学然后知不足,教然后知困,知不足,然后能自反困,然后能自强也,故曰:教学相长”。教育学家波斯纳也提出了“经验+反思=成长”的公式,明确强调了反思的作用。
教师教完一堂课,定有自己的感受感悟、感想感叹,若能对此进行简要的归纳整理,撰写“教学反思”,则能帮我们接受课堂所反馈的信息,克服教学中的干扰因素则有助于找出教学过程中的成功和不足之处为教学提供可靠依据,也有助于加深对教材的理解和教学改革的力度。能促进我们教师自己的教学能力、教学水平的提高。
诚然,教学反思的作用人人皆知----它是教师再次备课的必要补充、是教师积累教学经验的好办法、是教师提高教学水平的有效途径,更主要的是:教学反思的内容有哪些呢?怎样撰写教学反思、提高教学能力呢?本人认为主要在教师的“教”和学生的“学”两个方面,以教促学,以学促教,二者相互促进、提高授课的时间内容安排得当
要使学生感知历史,首先就要狠抓基础知识,正确处理识记与理解、分析、综合等历史思维能力的关系。
其次,在教学中要重视古今中外历史的纵横联系。历史所反映的是整个人类社会发展的过程,在这一过程中,纷繁复杂的历史人物、历史事件、历史现象等等之间彼此并不是孤立的,都有着某种必然的联系。因此,在教学中只有纵向贯通、横向联系,揭示历史现象之间的内外在关系,方能认识历史发展的本质及总趋
陶冶学生情操历史情境教学就是教师运用或渗透情感并利用各种教学手段,通过对图片、录像、电视、多媒体课件的展示,学生表演等方法,渲染出形象、生动、感人、逼真的教学环境和氛围,多方面、多层次、多角度地唤起学生的注意,使学生身临其境,并在这种环境和氛围中去感知和探究历史。如在教学《太平天国运动》一
课的天朝田亩制度中,教师可以针对教学内容布置学生课下查找资料,编写活动剧本——三个农民谈《天朝田亩制度》,把农民获得土地的喜悦、上交剩余产品的无奈用活动剧的形式展示出来,揭示制度的革命性、空想性、落后性,其直观感受远远超过了教师的平铺直述。
“智者千虑,必有一失“,一堂课中,无论设计多完善,也会有疏漏,无论教学多么成功,也难免有失误之举。如果每节课后,教师都能对自己或别人的课认真进行反思、探究和剖析,并研究解决问题的方法,采用多种形式进行补救,取长补短,以避免在以后的教学中重蹈覆辙。四、以学生为主体,培养学生的创新意识
创新是民族进步的灵魂,是国家发展的不竭动力。培养学生的创新意识首先要使学生具有创造性人格。在课堂上,教师应尊重、信赖每一个学生,鼓励学生积极思考、质疑问难、大胆发表。
总之,不进行教学反思,以后再叫这部分就只能是老方法的简单重复。教师教学水平就会永远停留在原来基础之上,实践证明:反思教学中的得、失、,疑能使我们以后的教学扬长避短,常教常新,不断进步,积累教学经验,提高教学水平,提高教学质量。
历史教学反思的意义篇十二
�������ç¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§è»ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½à³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ò²ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½+��ë¼=�é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ò¡¢¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ô´ë½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½òªï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×«ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½á¹©ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ì²äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ü´ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
������è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½öª----���ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ù´î±ï¿½ï¿½îµä±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½?����׫ð´ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?������îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ô½ì´ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ù½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý°ï¿½ï¿½åµãµï¿½
����
����òªê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
������î£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¹å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á·¢õ¹ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ë´ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ö±ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ò±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ñ¡¢µï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·½ï¿½æ¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶èµø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½â£¬ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì«æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»
�����îµï¿½ï¿½ì³¯ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì³¯ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½æ¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï²ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½æ¶èµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����������ç§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ú¿îºó£¬½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶
���������������������꣬�ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô������ö®ï¿½ï£ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµäµã¡ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï³¤ï¿½ü¶ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì³ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
历史教学反思的意义篇十三
教师的自我反思是“教学创新”的动力。教师需要聚焦课堂,反思自身的教学。
教师能否把握好课堂教学,很大程度上决定于教师能否把自我作为意识的对象,以及在教学过程中,将教学活动本身作为意识的对象,不断地对自我教学进行积极主动的计划、检查、评价、反馈、控制和调节,亦即教师的自我监控。因为在教学活动中无论是教学目标的确定与修改,教学内容的安排与组织,教学策略的选择与变换,教学活动的检查以及教学信息的反馈评估等,都需要教师综合各方面信息进行分析与判断,做出相应的决策,并付之于教学过程中。在课堂教学中,教学监控具体表现为教师自我检查、自我校正、自我强化,而这一过程具体又通过了“问题——尝试——反思——新问题——调整——反思”得以展开和实现的,贯穿始终的是教师的“反思”。所以,我认为教师教学监控的核心是“反思性思维”,教师的监控能力体现在课堂教学中的“反思性教学”的有效运用中。
尝试改进是在反思教学的问题所在和教师对自己教学中存在的问题所进行的主动寻求原因并尝试改进、纠正和调节的过程。这一过程主要表现在老师对教学各环节的用心体会沟通,根据发现的问题寻求问题出现的原因,并据此有针对性地及时调整自己的教学活动,尝试使用新教学方法或补救措施,使课堂教学达到最佳效果。
善于发现问题,是实现“反思性教学”的首要任务。语文教学中的问题,往往具体表现在教学设计的合理性,以及课堂的组织与管理,即在课堂上密切注视学生的反映,努力调动学生的学习积极性和学生在课堂教学活动中的参与性。这个过程是教师课堂教学的核心。在这一过程中,教师应对自己的教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、学生的参与和反应等方面随时保持有意识的反思,发现问题并及时地调整自己的教学活动,使之达到最佳效果。
课堂教学中的“反思性教学”有效运用,还要求教师勤于调整反思,即观察、反思新的教学方法或补助措施的实际效果。可以说,调整反思是尝试改进的延续。在这个过程中,教师首先要研究原有的问题是否已经较好解决,如果已解,教师则应针对尝试改进的成功方法,主动寻求进一步强化的方式和手段,以巩固自己已经形成的好的教学行为,防止原有问题再次出现。如发现又出现新问题,谨慎地追问新问题的实质,针对新问题再次尝试另外的教学方法或其它的改进措施。例如:在学习文言文词法句法时,我常常发现有的学生缺乏知识迁移能力。某个词在此文中的意义与用法均掌握了,但一旦在另外的语言环境中出现,就缺乏联想能力和应变能力。不断强化学生的认识,让学生的感性认识上升到理性认识,只有勤于调整反思。
历史教学反思的意义篇十四
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºã¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ïµø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºíµï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½à¼´ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¸ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ûºï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½öµä£ï¿½ï¿½á´©ê¼ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½øµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����
�������ô¸ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºí½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò²¢³ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½úµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹µí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ô�ò£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµø¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²¹¾è´ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ðµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¢ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ö®ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð¾ï¿½ô�ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ïºã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½î³éµäºãµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ô�������ù´î³ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ç·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ê·ï¿½ï¿½ä·¨ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ç¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
历史教学反思的意义篇十五
当前,基础教育课程改革在新课程的功能、结构、内容、实施、评价等各方面都进行了较大的创新和突破。新课程要求教师从单纯的知识传递者走向研究者、反思者,即,不仅专业学识要较为丰富,而且还要善于对教学问题进行研究和反思。美国著名学者波斯纳提出教师成长的公式:成长=经验+反思。还有学者指出:“如果一个教师仅仅满足于获得经验而不对经验进行深入的思考,那么,即使有“20年的教学经验,也许只是一年工作的20次重复;除非善于从经验反思中吸取教益,否则就不能有什么改进”。那么,什么是教学反思?历史教师如何进行教学反思,本文作一些简单叙述。
何谓教学反思?简言之,教学反思就是教师在教学实践过程中发现问题、思考问题、解决问题的一种行为,是教师对教学行为和教学活动进行批判的、有意识的分析与再认知的过程。教学反思中教师经常的、贯穿始终的对教学活动中各种现象进行检查、分析、反馈、调节,使整个教学活动、教学行为日趋最优化。这无疑会促进教师关注自己的教学行为,深入地开展教学研究活动。
第一,理论和专业基础方面。历史教师要进行教学反思,固然依赖于自身在教学实践中不断积累起来的经验,但是仅仅停留在经验的认识上是远远不够的,因为教学是一种复杂的社会活动,对教学行为的反思需要以一定的历史教学理论和历史专业学识为基础。1.要转变历史教学理念。教学理念是教师教学行为的理论支点,对教学有重要影响。新课程背景下,历史教师应该经常反思自己或他人的教学行为,及时更新教学理念。因此,在历史教学中,除了引导学生掌握重要的史实之外,适当传达一些历史学的概念和方法也非常必要。而且,历史教学的核心应当是发展学生对于历史问题的思考能力和学习方法。要转变教学理念,历史教师就要了解历史教学研究的动态,加强对历史教学理论的研习。2.丰富历史专业学识。学科专业知识对于新课程的实施以及开展教学反思,至关重要。历史教师如何提高专业修养、丰富专业学识呢?我认为,关键是多研读史学名著和史家学术论文,如顾颉刚、陈垣、陈寅恪、傅斯年、钱穆、郭沫若、翦伯赞、周一良等人传世的学术著作,精选若干研读。阅读这些具有较高学术价值的史学名著,不但可以提高专业素养,了解学科研究前沿,而且从中可以学到提出问题、分析史料、推理证明以及论断评价等研究方法。
第二,教学基本策略方面。在一定的教学理论和学科专业知识基础上,历史教师主要应以课堂为中心进行教学反思。1.案例研究。案例研究就是把教学过程中发生的这样或那样的事件用案例的形式表现出来,并对此进行分析、探讨。案例研究的素材主要来自三个方面:一是研究自己的课堂,并从自己大量的教学实践中积累一定的案例;二是研究别人的课堂,从中捕捉案例。通过听课后的相互切磋和批判性对话有助于提高教学水平,特别听课教师与授课教师及时的交流、分析,有助于推动教学策略的改进,这在无形中会促进历史教师教学反思能力的提升;在反思他人教学经验、教训的同时,提高自己的教育教学水平。三是在平时注意搜集书面材料中的案例。除了反思自己的教学案例之外,研究他人的案例,特别是一些中学优秀历史教师的典型案例也很重要。如发表在报刊上的优秀教学案例,应及时研读,从中受到启迪,丰富的教学经验。教学案例是教学理论、教学实践取之不竭的源泉。而观摩听课、座谈讨论、专家讲学等多种形式,也是对教学案例进行总结、反思和探讨的好时机。2.课后小结。课后小结,就是把教学过程中的一些感触、思考或困惑及时记录下来,以便重新审视自己的教学行为。过去,人们往往重视课前的备课,对于课后的小结与反思,则较少关注。以历史学科来说,其实,平常历史教学中需要教师课后小结、反思的地方太多了。像这样的课后小结积累多了,也就成为一个个生动鲜活的历史教学案例,对之分析研究,相信一定有利于历史教师提高自身的教学反思水平。
总之,关于历史教师教学反思的研究,目前还是个新课题。作为历史教师,其教学反思究竟有哪些具体表现?在教学中反思达到什么程度才是理想的状态?都需要我们进一步深入探索。不过,可以肯定的是,发展教学反思是提高历史教学质量的新的尝试,也是历史教师成长为研究型、复合型教师的有效途径。
历史教学反思的意义篇十六
������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ìµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµè¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï´ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½âºï¿½í»ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨òµñ§ê¶òªï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ß²ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£«ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ð¡ï¿½20��ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¹¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20���ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ó¾ï¿½ï¿½é·´ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������î½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½í½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ð½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½á´©ê¼ï¿½õµä¶ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½×¨òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ä·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·×¨òµñ§ê¶îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1.òª×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªó°ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½â¿î³ì±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê·êµö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ê·ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½2.�ḻ��ê·×¨òµñ§ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¨òµöªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ìµï¿½êµê©ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»×¨òµñ§ê¶ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ê·ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ê¡¢ç®ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä�����岮�þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ê·ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ç°ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½û¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¨òµöªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªó¦ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½1.�����ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ë½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ºò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¸ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½è¡ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ô´èªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½×¨ï¿½ò½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç¶ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½öµäºï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2.�îºï¿½ð¡ï¿½á¡£ï¿½îºï¿½ð¡ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îºï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·´ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¹ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½îºï¿½ð¡ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿îºï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò²ï¿½í³ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ïµ½ê²ã´ï¿½ì¶è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä³ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½é³ï¿½îªï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
历史教学反思的意义篇十七
回顾上学期的教学情况,总的感觉是匆匆忙忙,每天的脚步都是来去匆匆的,每天的身影都是忙忙碌碌的,虽匆匆,但无悔,虽忙碌,但实在。我省全面实施新课程,新课标,高中历史教学能否实施新课程的理念、精神?如何评价?如何实施?作为历史教师,这是我一直在思考的问题。相信在下学期,我的工作任务更重,挑战更多。正值学期之初,总结经验和教训,找出不足之处,寻求新学期的对策及今后的努力方向是我目前最重要的事情之一。
针对综合高中学生的认知特点,首先将教材内容的问题化。要把学习知识的过程变成分析和解决问题的过程,就需要将教材问题化。我准备从以下几个方面进行操作:把教材内容变成问题的“链接”;引导学生凭借自己的努力一个个地进行问题求解;在解决问题的过程中激起学生的问题意识,并生成更多、更深层的问题。其次将教材内容结构化。我要尽可能地引导学生掌握知识的结构,而不能“见树不见林”。学生的认识结构是有良好的知识结构转化而来的,因此在教某部分知识时,要注意“瞻前顾后”和“左顾右盼”。要实现教材结构化,我既可以提出教材内容的“纲要信号”,也可以利用“先行组织者”,还可以指导学生自己结合相关知识构建知识系统框架。
过去两年半以来,教学时,我注意利用一个简单的道理,或者一个知识点引出一个知识串,形成一个知识网,让学生能够举一反三、触类旁通,这就需要在教学中正确处理内容与形式的关系。首先,我要选取那些最实用,具有说服力和感染力的典型事例,选择的典型材料、事例真实可信,能够逐步展开并深化和升华主题,增强表达效果。其次,采取生动活泼,学生可以接受的学习方法和形式,调动学生的积极因素,使他们乐学爱听。
在学科教学、师生交往中有很多“困惑”。如“我反复讲了好几遍他为什么还不会?”、“为什么学习不好的学生学习习惯都差?”、“为什么学生对涉及理论联系实际的问题普遍感到困难?”等等,面对这些“困惑”我们只是说说议议,很少去深入地探究这些困惑背后的真实原因,也就是说我们缺少问题意识。我准备在新学期将问题细化,注重平时积累,着手解决,具体成文。
在教学中,我往往做到一切从实际出发,针对学生的实际能力,将课本知识重新组织,整合,使学生思路清晰,通俗易懂,收到了良好的教学效果。教材是死的,人是活的,最好的教学就是适应于自己,又适合学生的教学,它既有利于学生素质提高,又有利于学生分数提高的教学。
总之,社会在发展变化,教师也应改变教学观念,充分认识新课改的重要性,努力设计好教学内容,培养出更多、更优秀的创新人才,以适应社会的需要。
历史教学反思的意义篇十八
���������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö±õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½!ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������ç·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ûµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½òªï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð±¸£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¹øºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½120%�ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªïµí³öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ì¤êµï¿½ä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ßºã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì©é½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ö¹ï¿½ú´ï¿½!
����
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³â³ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½õ¹òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä»ï¿½ï¿½ûºí¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½î³éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµø·ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ß¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©×¨ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¿ï¿½ô½;�é¼ï¿½ï¿½ðµèµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ï¿½;���ú³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½éµèµè£ï¿½ï¿½â¶¼ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ä´ð°¸£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
历史教学反思的意义篇十九
�����ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ç´ò´ï¿½ã¦ã¦ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ä½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ò´òµä£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¦ã¦âµâµï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ»ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¦âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡è«ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½â¿î³ì£ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ü·ï¿½êµê©ï¿½â¿î³ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½,�òµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½öµñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¾ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµä¶ô²ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������ûºï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»¯ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°öªê¶ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì±ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£»ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½á¹¹×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ê±ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½â¡°õ°ç°ï¿½ëºó¡±ºí¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªêµï¿½ö½ì²ä½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼è¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½åºå¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
����
������è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ¡è¡ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ñ§ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶à¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡±¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡°ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½î£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµêµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±³ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµô��ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����
�����ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð´ï¿½êµï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò²ó¦ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½â¿î¸äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô£ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½
历史教学反思的意义篇二十
回想高三这半个学期来是那样的紧张、又是那样的充实。对于教学,我一直战斗在教学第一线,它是热烈的、紧张的、充满希望的!前沿又给了我一个展示的最好平台,让我把以前积累的知识厚积而薄发。
高三是非常累的,高三备课,要新课、复习课一起备,所以疲惫不堪是很常见,但责任心让我非常明确,教师努力的一切关乎学生的未来,一定要用120%的精力与耐心去备课、备学生,这样才可以说得上对得起学生、对得起身为教师的这颗心。高三从时间上来看两头适应难,容易出现波动,中间过程需要稳中有升,作为老师,在学习上必须对学生进行指导。因为高二的相对宽松使得学生上了高三有些不适应,这时要利用一切可利用的机会对学生进行心情与学情的调节,既要系统知识体系,也要不断渗透方法,用一颗充满责任感的心去与学生交流,那么学生会以一种重视但心中很踏实的感觉走好高三这一年。这是给教师本人和学生创设一个良好的学习与生活的氛围,这很大程度上源于教师的责任心,责任重于泰山,实际上何止于此!
教师这个行业决定着这是一个不断学习的行业,但随着时间的累积可能人们更重视经验的积累,但实际上经验一定要与学习相结合这样二者才能真正焕发魅力。备课、互相讨论,这让我在复习课中进步很快,逐渐认识到复习课要符合考试说明、计划得当、体系清晰、主线明确、基础扎实、详略适宜、训练到位、巩固时间合理、推陈出新。同时自我的不断学习极其重要,通过网络媒体和同科老师的交流,结合教学实际,不断发展要求自己要有自己的见解,所以自我的积累和感悟更是自己教学特色形成的重要部分,半个学期来我认真钻研这几年的全国和地方的高考题,又不断作大量习题,看《中学历史教学参考》、考试报这样的书报杂志,一些专家的评议和分析出题走向,加上自我分析来形成自己的思想,这一点现在想来非常重要。
学生是学习的主体,了解他们的需要。成绩好的学生需要在难度、能力上有更高的跨越;成绩中等的学生系统知识,化解过去遗留的难点和盲点;对于成绩较差的学生要强化基础提高应试技巧等等,这都需要区别对待,而这与学生的主动交流分不开,要认真分析给学生更多的问法和更准确的答案,同时有些问题用一种开放的心态与空间让学生和老师交流起来课堂活跃,学生自主学习气氛很强,老师和学生都会进步。
历史教学反思的意义篇二十一
������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä°ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½9��10�î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î´ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ï¿½
������î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ó¶ï¿½ï¿½âµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü¾ã£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½é¼¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶à±¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð£ï¿½
����1.è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±è½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð³ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½
����2.ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä°²ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����3.���ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±è½ï½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ðµ½´ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
��������ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü¶ï¿½ï¿½åµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ¡¢ï¸ï¿½âµä½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½îµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ûµï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ô¡ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½êºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ë´î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½
历史教学反思的意义篇二十二
日前,我在初一四班展示了一堂初一历史公开课。根据教学进度,内容是七年级历史下册第9、10课。课型是复习课。公开课虽然结束了,自己认为本堂课存在的一些问题,很有必要认真思考,分析原因,查找缺陷,以便在今后的教学中更上一层楼。
这次公开课从定题到设计再到多媒体设计我准备了很久,也得到了历史教研组老师们的大力帮助。上完后,全组集中认真研讨、分析这节公开课,各位老师畅所欲言,无私地指出整堂课的不足与缺陷,提出很多宝贵的意见和建议。主要有:
1.缺乏互动。师生配合上比较平淡,没有充分调动学生整体积极性,或者由于学生有点紧张,整堂课的气氛不够活跃。
2.时间控制。整节课在时间把握上不是太理想,由于内容多,担心复习课无法完成,所以讲解语速、学生互动等环节上时间安排没有处理好,有待改善。
3.语言不精炼。可能是由于比较紧张,导致语速较快,语言有点拖泥带水,不够精炼。语言缺乏艺术,没有给课堂起到一个深化的作用,没有在课堂中对学生的展示起到促进作用。
除此之外,各位老师也提出了很多优点:带领学生全面、细致的将知识内容进行了复习巩固和有效练习,完成了复习课的目标。充分利用多媒体教学的方式,将课本内容形象直观地展示在学生面前,容量扩大、形式灵活,做到了生动形象、讲解细致,并通过充分的练习让学生牢牢掌握了基础知识,培养了答题能力,不仅坚持了课堂的知识性、趣味性,而且提高了课堂教学的效率和学生的学习兴趣。
通过这次公开课,我获益良多。在今后的教学中,针对此次公开课中暴露出来的问题,认真进行反思总结,汲取教训,加强学习锻炼,改进教学方式、方法,努力提高教学水平。

一键复制