作为一名教职工,就不得不需要编写教案,编写教案有利于我们科学、合理地支配课堂时间。教案书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇教案呢?这里我给大家分享一些最新的教案范文,方便大家学习。
汉语拼音教案gkh 汉语拼音教案篇一
掌握拼读方法
第一课时
学会y、w个声母,能读准音、认清形,能在四线格中正确书写,学会yiwuyu3个整体认读音节,能读准它们的四声。
掌握拼读方法。
1、学会整体认读音节,能读准四声。
2、学会拼读音节。
一、复习导入
1、认读声母卡片
认读iu
二、新授
1、学习发音:思考yw与iu的区别练习发音
2、认读字形:想怎样记住yw是怎样写的。
3、指导书写
4、练习书写
听老师读下面字母和音节,听听有什么相同和不同
5、yyiwwuuyu
分清说法
声母y韵母i音节yi
wuwu
6、yuyu
(1)四声练习
(2)练读音节
说说声调的调号怎样标
三、学习儿歌
1、出示儿歌:自己拼读红色声母的音节。
2、说说儿歌的意思
3、指名读儿歌
4、练读
四、作业
1、背儿歌
2、抄写字母
板书
11yw
yi四声
wu四声
yu四声
教学反思:学生拼读音节的兴趣很高,对本课的整体认读音节掌握较好。
第二课时
学会yw与韵母aoouaiei组成的音节,准确拼读雨衣、乌龟的音节。
掌握拼读方法。
一、复习
认读韵母
二、新授
1、练习拼读
y-ao-yao
y-ou-you
w-ai-wai
w-ei-wei
2、出示“雨衣”图,问:这是什么?
出示音节:yuyi
3、怎样拼,指名拼读
出示音节:wugui
怎样拼,指名拼读
生自己练习拼读,指名拼读
三、巩固练习
找出你喜欢的韵母与声母yw相拼
四、作业:抄写课文的音节
把儿歌背诵给家长听
汉语拼音教案gkh 汉语拼音教案篇二
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸y��w���ü¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½yi��wu��yu���ü¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�ü¶ï¿½×¼y��w�븴��ä¸ai��ei��ao��ou��æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤
��������æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½y��w����ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´,ñ§ï¿½ï¿½yiwuyu3�������ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1���ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½æ¬
�����ï¶ï¿½iu
������������
����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½yw��iu��������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡yw������ð´ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´
����4����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´
��������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬
����5��yyiwwuuyu
��������ëµï¿½ï¿½
������ä¸y��ä¸i����yi
����wuwu
����6��yuyu
����(1)������ï°
����(2)��������
����ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ºï¿½ô¼ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����2��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼
����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4������
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ
����1��������
����2����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ä¸
��������
����11yw
����yi����
����wu����
����yu����
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ü¸ß£ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ïºã¡ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½yw����ä¸aoouaiei��éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½×¼è·æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
��������æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°
�����ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸
������������
����1ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°æ´ï¿½ï¿½
����y-ao-yao
����y-ou-you
����w-ai-wai
����w-ei-wei
����2����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½yuyi
����3������æ´ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½wugui
��������æ´ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½
�������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ï°
�����ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸yw��æ´
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½è±³ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
汉语拼音教案gkh 汉语拼音教案篇三
1、学会j、q、x 3个声母,读准音,认清形,正确书写。
2、初步掌握ü上两点省写规则。
3、学会j、q、x与单韵母拼读音节及带调拼读音节,准确拼读j、q、x开头的三拼音节。 4、认识5个字,会读儿歌。
第一部分是三个声母j、q、x,每个声母配有一幅图画。第一幅图是一只鸡抬头望着蝴蝶,“鸡”提示j的音,鸡和蝴蝶构成的形状提示j的形。第二幅图是七只汽球,“七”“汽”提示q的音,左边那只单独的汽球提示q的形。第三幅图是一个切开的西瓜,西瓜的“西”提示x的音,西瓜上的刀印提示x的形。第二部分是拼音练习,包括j、q、x与ü相拼时ü上两点省写规则的教学内容,以及三拼音练习。第三部分是j、q、x的书写格式和笔画笔顺。第四部分是读词语认字,配有图画。图上画的是傍晚时候,院落里有的下棋,有的搭积木,有的喂小鸡,有的洗衣服。第五部分是一首儿歌,配有图画。
j、q、x的发音及与韵母的拼读是本课教学的重点,j、q、x与ü相拼时ü上两点省写规则是难点。
1、配合学习j、q、x发音的录音带;j、q、x的字母卡片;拉动式拼音卡片;画有四线格的小黑板。
2、本课生字、词语卡片。五、课时安排:3课时。
你们到拼音王国中认识了哪些韵母家族的朋友:(a、o、e、i、u、ü)。认识了哪些声母家族的朋友。(b、p、m、f、d、t、n、l、g、k、h、y、w)今天我们一起再认识3个声母朋友"j、q、x",你们愿意吗?(贴卡片)。
(一)学习"j"的音形
1.出示"j"的图:你能根据图画的内容试着读读这个字母吗?(1)教师范读,纠正学生的错误发音。(2)学生练习读。
2.学生"j"的形(1)你有什么好办法记住"j"的形?(2)编小儿歌:竖弯加点j、j、j。 3.书写字母"j" (1)怎样写好字母"j"呢?请大家看看书,"j"是几笔写成的?先写哪笔?再写哪笔?占什么格? (2)学生边说教师边在四线三格中板书。(3)学生抄写字母"j"。教师巡视,个别辅导。(二)学习字母"q" 1.出示"q"图(1)问:这是什么呀! (2)自己试着读读这个字母? (3)教师范读,发现问题及时纠正。 (4)开火车读字母"q"。 2.学习"q"的形(1)同桌同学说说怎么记q的形?(2)小儿歌:左上半圆q、q、q或9字q。(3)区别"b p d q"的音形。 3.书写字母"q" (1)看看书上的字母"q"是怎样写的?(2)教师在四线三格中写范字 (3)自己试着在本上练习写1-2个。教师巡视,个别辅导,纠正学生的写姿及执笔方法。(三)学习"x"的音形 1.出示"x"的图(1)你能根据图画内容试着读读这个字母吗?(2)指名读(3)开火车读 2.学习"x"的形(1)你们看看图中哪儿像x的形呀!?)读记忆小儿歌:一个叉子x、x、x 3.书写字母"x" (1)认识"﹨"右斜、"∕"左斜。(2)左斜、右斜先写哪一笔呢?看看书上的字母笔顺? (3)教师强调先写右斜,再写左斜。(4)教师范写先在第三条线上点二个点,然后在第二条线上点两个点,注意与上边两点对齐,先右斜,再左斜。(5)学生在本上练习写1-2个。教师行间巡视,个别辅导。表扬写姿和执笔正确的同学并发奖票,纠正学生不正确的书写姿势。
汉语拼音教案gkh 汉语拼音教案篇四
教学过程:
第一课时
一、复习检查。
1、认读已学过的声母。
2、卡片认读音节:yi、wu、yu,它们叫什么音节?(整体认读音节)
二、提出教学目标。
(出示小朋友、小刺猬、蚕宝宝)小朋友们,今天这节课中来了3位客人,他们是冬冬、小刺猬和蚕宝宝,他们来和我们一块儿学习,我们欢迎不欢迎?
三、教学声母z c s的读音和字形。
1、教学声母z。
(1)看图说话引出z:图上画着谁在干什么?(冬冬在黑板上写字。)
“字”读得轻短一些,就是声母“z”,板书z。
(2)教学z的发音。
示范发音。注意发音时牙齿不能舌尖咬住。(指名读,开火车读,齐读)
(3)顺口溜记形:冬冬写字z z z,像个2字z z z。
2、教学声母c。
(1)看图说话引出c:图上画着什么?(一只蜷着身子的小刺猬。)
刺猬的“刺”字读得轻短一些就是声母“c”,板书c。
(2)教学c的发音。
示范发音z和c,说说有什么不同?(z要用力,要送气。)指名读,开火车读,齐读。
(3)顺口溜记形:小小刺猬c c c,半个圆圈c c c。
3、教学声母s。
(1)看图说话引出s:图上画着什么?(一只蚕宝宝正在吐丝。)
吐丝的“丝”字读得轻短一些就是声母“s”,板书s。
(2)教学s的发音。(教师领读,学生模仿。)
(3)顺口溜记形:蚕儿吐丝s s s,半个8字s s s。
四、教学zi ci si三个整体认读音节。
1、出示:zi ci si,找一找这三个音节在字形上的规律。(z c s后面都跟着i)告诉学生:zi ci si是整体认读音节,这里的i不能念i,不是z c s与i相拼。声母z c s要读得轻短些,整体认读音节zi ci si要读得响亮些,长些。
2、出示:z—zi c—ci s—si,对比读。
3、练习整体认读音节的四声。
4、游戏:“比谁反应快”,教师任意点。
五、巩固练习。
第二课时
一、复习检查。
1、卡片:zi ci si这三个叫什么?
2、快速读:zì sì cí sǐ zǐ zī sī sì cī cǐ sí
3、卡片认读已学过的声母、韵母和整体认读音节。
二、教学z c s与单韵母的拼音。
1、出示书上的音节:ze zu zuo ce cu cuo se su suo,请学生自由拼读。(指名读,开火车,齐读)
2、能给这些音节加上声调,并且组词。
三、看图拼读音节。
1、看插图,说说图上画着什么?
2、拼读图上的音节。(自由读、指名读、齐读)
3、出示带拼音的词语:拖地、擦玻璃、做贺卡,根据拼音读一读。
四、拼读儿歌。
1、出示儿歌《过桥》,请学生自己试着拼读。
2、你会拼读哪些音节,做做小老师带着大家读一读。
3、教师带读红色的音节。(范读、指名读、开小火车、齐读)
你
4、在老师的指导下试读儿歌。
五、认生字。
1、卡片抽读认过的生字。
2、出示生字:做、过、了、不、乐。这些生字你认识吗?你是怎么知道的?不认识的,你有什么好办法能把它们记住?
3、扩词练习。
六、巩固练习。
1、读一读,比一比。
z------zi c------ci s------si
zi------za ci------cu si------se
2、拼读音节。
zǔ zì xì zì sī yā zi wū zi zǔ guó
3、跟录音读课文,试着背诵儿歌。
七、小结。
8 zh ch sh r
教学目标:
1、学会zh ch sh r四个声母,读准音,记清形,正确书写。
2、能准确拼读zh ch sh r和带调韵母拼成的音节。
3、学会zhi chi shi ri四个整体认读音节。
4、认识7个生字,会读儿歌。
教学重点:
使学生能够掌握zh ch sh r四个声母,以及四个整体认读音节。
汉语拼音教案gkh 汉语拼音教案篇五
����ñ§ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����󲿷�ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ç°ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"����îªï¿½ï¿½"��ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½
�����ñµã£ºn��l�ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½n��l����ä¸ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����é«ï¿½ï¿½
��������ï·ï¿½í»î¶¯îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½
����1��d��t��n��l����ä¸ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ¥ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
����2��æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ä¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"õªæ»ï¿½ï¿½"��ï·ï¿½ä¹ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½à¡¢ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§òªï¿½ï¿½
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½d��t��n��l4����ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½d��t��n��lï¿½ëµ¥ï¿½ï¿½ä¸æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½b��p��m��f����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ba��fo��ma��po
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ¶ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½'��ñ§
����1��æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ò»ð©æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ë���ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¸d��t��n��l��ö±ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦×·ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½n��l�����ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°êµï¿½êºí²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä·ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ä¸ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§
����1����ä»ï¿½ïµï¿½í¼ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½×¡d��t��n��l�����ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½âµä·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ºï¿½ó¹ä¹ä´ï¿½ddd;�������ttt;ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½nnn;ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½lll.��
����2�����ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ddd������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½d����״��ð¡é¡ï¿½ï¿½ttt�������õ¹ï¿½ttt��t��"��"�ñ£»¶ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½nnn;l����״������1�����ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ì±þ¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ç¦ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½æ¹ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������d��b��p;n��u��m;t��f;l��i��
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ð»¨²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½îµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½è½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½èºï¿½ð³ï¿½ä·ï¿½î§ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ì¬ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ëµ¥ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§
����1�������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½n��l�뵥��ä¸ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����2����ä»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½da��di��tu��nu��li��lu��ni��na.��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ëµò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë���ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶à¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¾í¸ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½êµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����塢ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´
����1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´î»ï¿½ã£ï¿½
����2����ê¦ï¿½øµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸"t"��ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªö¹ï¿½ï¿½
����3����ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ï°
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½à¡¢ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ó¡¢°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºãµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ù´î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��"õªæ»ï¿½ï¿½"��ï·ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½í¨í¨ï¿½ä´ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ô´èªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½í½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5��ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½í½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½×µä¸ä±ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£º
����1��ע����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°êµï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»í¹ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����2�������ôµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã½ì²ä¡ï¿½
��������öªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½²ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ûºïµä½ï¿½ñ§ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½í»î¶¯ï¿½õ¼ä£¬ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����3��æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½í»î¶¯îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ð¹ï¿½ðí¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ä¹ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ì¬ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
汉语拼音教案gkh 汉语拼音教案篇六
学前分析:
大部分学生入学前接触过汉语拼音,对字母的读音和音节的拼读有一定的基础,只是受"先入为主"的影响个别字母和音节的发音不准确。
难点:n、l的发音及n、l与韵母的拼读。
1设计特色:
以游戏和活动为主线,自主探究,在创新中求发展。
2信息资料:
1、d、t、n、l的字母卡片及与单韵母相拼的翻动式卡片。
2、拼音乐园的课件及"摘苹果"游戏的挂图。
3、学生用的橡皮泥、小棒和毛线绳。
3教学要求:
1、学会d、t、n、l4个声母,读准音,认清形,正确书写。
2、学会d、t、n、l与单韵母拼读音节及带调拼读音节。
4教学流程:
一、复习导入
1、复习声母:b、p、m、f并让学生回忆记忆的方法。
2、复习音节:ba、fo、ma、po
(设计意图:采取指读对读齐读和开火车读等多种形式,一方面检查学生以前的学习情况,另一方面进行字母形状记忆方法的迁移。)
二、声母音的'教学
1、拼音乐园里可热闹了!今天老师还要带小朋友到这里认识一些拼音娃娃。你们看谁来了?大屏幕演示字母d、t、n、l及直观图。
2、小朋友,你认识他们吗?指名试着读一读。教师追问:你为什么读得这么好?让学生交流自己的学习经验和学习方法。
3、学生模仿读、练读、对读、同座互相检查读,教师相机指导n、l纠正的发音。
(设计意图:教师能够根据学生的学习实际和不同发展需求,充分相信学生,尊重学生,注重他们主体作用的发挥,引导学生积极参与教学实践。)
三、声母形的教学
1、屏幕上的图能够帮助你们记住d、t、n、l的样子,请小朋友仔细看图,想一想有什么新的发现,同座交流交流。(学生用以前的方法编顺口溜:队鼓鼓锤ddd;鱼儿跳舞ttt;一个门洞nnn;一根木棍lll.)
2、你们还有什么好办法记住他们吗?小组讨论一下。学生联系日常生活畅所欲言。(马蹄印ddd、用手指摆d的形状;小伞把ttt、倒拄拐棍ttt、t和"七"像;独木桥nnn;l的形状像数字1、筷子、教鞭、指挥棒、旗杆、铅笔、灯管……)
3、他们还和我们以前认识的哪些拼音娃娃很像?
(d和b、p;n和u、m;t和f;l和i)
(设计意图:重视培养学生自主学习的能力,放手让学生去寻找新的发现,使学生思维中创造的火花不断闪现。声母形的记忆体现层次性:先引导学生从直观画面观察记忆字形;再引导学生联系生活想象字形;最后指导学生根据所学比较记忆字形。学生在平等和谐的氛围中参与、体验、合作、发展,学习态度和情感得以进一步提升。)四、声母与单韵母的拼读教学
1、翻版出示音节;这些音节你们会读吗?试着读一读。指名读、小组读、示范读、指名当小老师领读、自由选择读、齐读等。教师重点纠正n、l与单韵母相拼的音节。
2、屏幕演示一些带调音节:da、di、tu、nu、li、lu、ni、na.让学生用这些音节组词或说一句话,看谁用上的音节多。
(设计意图:教师主导和学生主体地位充分体现,学生的成就感极大的激发了学生求知的欲望。同时也充分发挥了拼音在生活中的作用,为学生提前识字说话打下了坚实的基础。)
五、指导书写
1、指导学生观察:这四位拼音娃娃分别在四线格的什么位置?
2、教师重点指导声母"t"的写法。其余三个声母学生根据观察试着写一写。想写几个就写几个,指导自己满意为止。
3、教师巡视纠正指导并让学生互相交流展示。
(设计意图:书写在低年级起着举足轻重的作用,弹性要求和交流展示使学生进一步体验到书写的乐趣。)
六、巩固练习
1、学生利用手中的橡皮泥、小棒、毛线捏一捏、摆一摆今天认识的拼音娃娃。有的独自进行,有的与同座讨论合作,教师给捏摆好的同学以展示的机会。
(设计意图:独特的教学手段再次激发学生参与实践的积极性,饶有情趣的欣赏、展示是对学生内在需求的最好馈赠。这种精神上的满足会成为学生记忆中永恒的财富。)
2、"摘苹果"游戏。拼音娃娃来到果园里,哇!树上结满了红通通的大苹果,多诱人啊!你们想吃吗?学生认读苹果上的字母、音节,读对了就奖励一个大苹果。
(设计意图:游戏是孩子们快乐求知的源泉。学生在积极的竞争参与中,主动意识和进取精神得到培植。)
5反思:
本节课力求把语文新课程标准的理念融入实际教学实践之中,教师角色和教学行为都发生了彻底的改变,具体表现在以下几个方面:
1、注重了学习方式的变革。能够从学生的学习实际和身心发展需求出发,引导学生积极参与教学实践,以参与求体验,以合作求创新,以探究求发展。在声母音形教学上,充分相信学生,让学生间尝试学、互相教学、讨论研究学,学生主体地位凸现,真正成为了学习的主人。
2、创造性的使用教材。
在深知学情的基础上,打破了以往拼音教学单一的呈现方式,及各个字母按音形义讲解,采取了集中训练,减少头绪,加强综合的教学思路。一些弹性要求和交流展示拓宽了学生思维和活动空间,使学生的创造力在教师的感召下得以彰显。
3、拼音教学生活化、情境化。以游戏和活动为主线,让全体学生积极动口、动脑、动手,多种感官协同参与。联系日常生活、捏摆字母记忆字形展现了学生思维的广度和深度,学生学习态度和情感得以升华。
汉语拼音教案gkh 汉语拼音教案篇七
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����1���ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½
����2����æ¬ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½yi��wu��yu�����ç½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(�����ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
�������������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡£
����(��ê¾ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½â¬¡ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½â¬ºí²ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ó����ó?
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¸z c s�ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¸z��
����(1)��í¼ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½z��í¼ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë�ú¸ï¿½ê²ã´?(�����úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö¡ï¿½)
�������ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½z��������z��
����(2)��ñ§z�ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½â·¢ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò§×¡ï¿½ï¿½(ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
����(3)ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½z z z�����2��z z z��
����2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¸c��
����(1)��í¼ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½c��í¼ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?(ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½â¬¡ï¿½)
������⬵ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½c��������c��
����(2)��ñ§c�ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½z��c��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬?(zòªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����(3)ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½c c c�����ô²è¦c c c��
����3����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¸s��
����(1)��í¼ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½s��í¼ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?(ò»ö»ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½)
������ë¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½s��������s��
����(2)��ñ§s�ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½â¡ï¿½)
����(3)ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿s s s�����8��s s s��
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§zi ci si���������ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����1����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½zi ci si����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¹ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½(z c s���涼����i)����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½zi ci si�������ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½i������i������z c s��i��æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸z c sòªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½zi ci siòªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½z��zi c��ci s��si���ô±è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4����ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë��ó¦ï¿½ì¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£
�����塢������ï°ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����1����æ¬ï¿½ï¿½zi ci si��������ê²ã´?
����2�����ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½z�� s�� c�� s�� z�� z�� s�� s�� c�� c�� s��
����3����æ¬ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����������ñ§z c s�뵥��ä¸ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ze zu zuo ce cu cuo se su suo����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
����2���ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����1������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµí¼ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?
����2��æ´ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½(���é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
����3����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï£ºï¿½ïµø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£
����1����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½(������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð³µ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
������
����4������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£
�����塢�����ö¡ï¿½
����1����æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����2����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½?������ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����ê¶ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã°ì·¨ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½×¡?
����3��������ï°ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����z------zi c------ci s------si
����zi------za ci------cu si------se
����2��æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����z�� z�� x�� z�� s�� y�� zi w�� zi z�� gu��
����3����â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½è¡£
�����ߡ�ð¡ï¿½á¡£
����8 zh ch sh r
������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½zh ch sh r�ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½
����2ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·æ´ï¿½ï¿½zh ch sh r�í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸æ´ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½zhi chi shi ri�ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����4����ê¶7�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£
������ñ§ï¿½øµã£º
����ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½zh ch sh r�ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
汉语拼音教案gkh 汉语拼音教案篇八
����
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ñ¡¢£ï¿½ 3����ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½
����2���������õ¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ñ¡¢£ï¿½ï¿½ëµ¥ï¿½ï¿½ä¸æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½×¼è·æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ñ¡¢£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ 4����ê¶5���ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ñ¡¢£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ï¿½ï¿½ì§í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµäµï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ñ¡¢£ï¿½ï¿½ë¨¹ï¿½ï¿½æ´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ê¡¢ï¿½ñ¡¢£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½í±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ðµä´ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½î¹ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï´ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ꡢ�ñ¡¢£ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ñ¡¢£ï¿½ï¿½ë¨¹ï¿½ï¿½æ´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£
����
����1�����ñ§ï°ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ñ¡¢£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ñ¡¢£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú°å¡£
����2���������ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿¨æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½3��ê±ï¿½ï¿½
����
����
�������çµï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½a��o��e��i��u����������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½b��p��m��f��d��t��n��l��g��k��h��y��w����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶3����ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"j��q��x"������ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°"j"������
����1����ê¾"j"��í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½1����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½"j"���î£ï¿½1������ê²ã´ï¿½ã°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½×¡"j"���î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½j��j��j�� 3����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ä¸"j" ��1������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸"j"�ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬"j"�ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½éµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä±ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä±ê£ï¿½õ¼ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ ��2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ä¸"j"����ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸¨µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ä¸"q" 1����ê¾"q"í¼ï¿½ï¿½1���ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ ��2���ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ ��3����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼°ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��4�����𳵶���ä¸"q"�� 2��ñ§ï°"q"���î£ï¿½1��í¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½q���î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ô²q��q��q��9��q����3������"b p d q"�����î¡ï¿½ 3����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ä¸"q" ��1���������ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸"q"������ð´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��3���ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ð´1-2������ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸¨µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ö´ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°"x"������ 1����ê¾"x"��í¼ï¿½ï¿½1�����ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3�����𳵶� 2��ñ§ï°"x"���î£ï¿½1�����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½x����ñ½ï¿½ï¿½?��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ºò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½x��x��x 3����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ä¸"x" ��1����ê¶"��"��ð±ï¿½ï¿½"�m"��ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ ��3����ê¦ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ð´1-2������ê¦ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸¨µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ëºï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½

一键复制