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西安大清真寺导游词篇一
huaqing pool is located at the foot of the lishan mountain, a branch range of the qinling ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. it is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. so it has the name of the lishan mountain (li means a black horse).
the tang dynasty emperor xuan zong and his favourite lady, yang gui fei used to make their home at frost drifting hall in winter days. when winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. however, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. it owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. this is the frost drifting hall that greets us today.
close by the frost drifting hall lies the nine dragon pool. according to legend, the central shaanxi plain was once stricken by a severe drought in the very remote past. thus, by the order of the jade emperor (the supreme deity of heaven), an old dragon came at the head of eight young ones, and made rain here. yet when the disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it became serious again. in a fit of anger, the jade emperor kept the young dragons under the jade cause way (玉堤), with the morning glow pavilion and the sunset pavilion built at both ends of it respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day long to meet the needs of local irrigation. besides, he had the old dragon confined to the bottom of the roaring dragon waterside pavilion situated at the upper end of the jade causeway, and obliged him to exercise control over the young.
the nine-bend corridor west of the nine dragon pool leads directly to the marble boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water surface. in the marble boat lies the nine dragon tang (the nine dragon hot spring where emperor xuan zong used to take baths). at the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would come to the huanqing palace to spend his winter days in october of the lunar calendar and return to chang’an city as the year drew to its close. the nine dragon hot spring was originally built with crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish, dragons, birds and flowers. in it twin lotus flowers also carved with white jade could be seen as well. the spring water welled from the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers. hence the name lotus flower tang (the lotus flower hot spring).
the gui fei bathing pool was where yang gui fei, emperor xuan zong’s favorite lady, used to take bath. it was originally built with white jade, and in its center a blooming flower spouted water like a spring. the pool looked very much like a chinese flowering crabapple; hence its name the chinese flowering crabapple hot spring or the lotus hot spring..
lady yang used to make a stay in this pavilion to see sights or to air her hair after a bath. therefore, it was named the hair airing pavilion. whether the sun was rising or setting, the pavilion was aglow with sunshine; hence the name the flying roseate pavilion.
southwest of the gui fei bathing pool stands a brick-built pavilion. on its head three big chinese characters xi jia lou” (fine sunset-bathed pavilion)are inscribed according to the model of the most celebrated according to the model of the most celebrated chinese calligrapher, yu you ren, here is the source of the spring water.
at this spa there are four hot springs. they have an hourly flow of 112 tons, and a constant temperature of 43°c. the spring water contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and other minerals, which makes it suitable for bathing and considerable treatment of quite a few diseases such as dermatosis, rheumatism, arthritis and muscular pain. the fine sunset-bathed pavilion marks the first source of the spring water, which was discovered some 3,000 years ago, roughly in the western zhou dynasty. its water flow averages 25 tons per hour.
take up the steps east of the source of hot springs, you will gradually see the five-room pavilion where chiang kaishek made a temporary stay during the xi’an incident.
the xi’an incident took place on december 12, 1936, and it is also known as the double twelfth incident. after the incident of september 18, 1936, the japanese imperialists seized the three provinces northeast of china, and intensified their invasion of north china. this was the very moment vital to the chinese nation. yet chiang kaichek persisted doggedly in carrying out his reactionary policy domestic tranquility is a must for the resistance against japanese invades,” and commanded the northeast army and northwest army, respectively headed by zhang xueliang and yang hucheng, to attack the shaanxi-gansu-ningxia border region. inspired by our party’s policy let us stop the internal war and unit to resist the japanese aggressors,” those two generals made to chiang kaishek the proposal of forming a united front with the communist party for the resistance. not only did he reject the proposal, but flew to xi’an to scheme the suppression of the communist party.” and the slaughter of the patriotic youth. out of patriotism, zhang and yang started the famous xi’an incident.
very early on the morning of december 12, 1936 the incident was impending. zhang xueliang, together with yang hucheng ordered a squad of bodyguards to surround the huaqing pool. they fought a fierce battle there, and wiped out chiang’s bodyguards in one vigorous effort. the sound of firing came to chiang kaishek, and he was so terrified that he crept out of the window with his nightgown and slippers only. what’s more, he hurt his spinal bone, and lost one of his slippers while crossing over the back wall. he staggered up lishan mountain, and hid himself behind a stone in the crevice halfway on it. those brave soldiers began to search the mountain immediately when they rushed into the five-room pavilion to find that chiang’s hat and clothes were still there and that his quilt remained warm. in the end they found chiang kaishek, and thus escorted him to xi’an.
in order to avoid a civil war and try t establish a national united front for the resistance against japan, mao zedong on behalf of the c.c.p.c. insisted on a peaceful settlement of the incident. therefore, a delegation headed by zhou enlai was sent to xi’an. zhou enlai and his suite did a large amount of work there, took everything possible into consideration, and ultimately forced chiang kaishek to accept the proposal by his two generals. on december 25, chiang was freed, and flew back to nanjing. the xi’an incident was so peacefully settled.
the peaceful settlement of the incident put an end to the internal war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation and development of the national united front for the anti-japanese drive. moreover, it showed that the co-operative relationships between the communist and nationalists arrived at a new stage. it marked a great turning point in modern chinese history.
in the year of 1946 the kmt government had a national rejuvenation pavilion” built near the crevice where chiang kaishek had hidden himself in the incident. it was also called vital energy pavilion”. after the national liberation it was renamed catching chiang pavilion”. close by the pavilion stands a wooden board which carries a brief introduction to the xi’an incident. iron chains and rings in the crevices east of the pavilion, by which visitors can climb up to take a look at chiang kaishek’s shelter.
up the winding path east of the five-room-pavilion you will catch sight of a bridge-like construction. it shines regularly with a myriad of evening sun rays both in summer and autumn, and looks very much like rainbow. so it has the name of the hovering rainbow bridge.
located on the xixiu ridge (the west embroidery ridge) of the lishan mountain, the remains of the beacon tower of the western zhou dynasty seem easy to identify.
the beacon tower was mostly built at the top of the mountain to give border alarm in ancient times. it was constantly under special control. once the enemies were pressing on towards the border, the beacon tower began to take effect: it was made to smoke in the daytime while set on fire at night.
the story goes that bao si, queen of the western zhou dynasty was highly honored, yet she never cracked a smile. king you tried many ways to put a smile on her face, but he failed over and over again. he called his court band to toll bells and beat gongs”, and she pulled a long face. then the band were asked to play the bamboo flute and strings” and she remained displeased. afterwards, maids of honour served wine, festively singing and dancing,” and she did not let out a smile at all.
you don’t like music! what on earth are you fond of?” the king asked.
i nearly have a liking for nothing. but i can still well remember i liked to give ear to the sound of tearing a piece of coloured silk when i was a child. it was clear anf melodious,” she replied. king you said in excitement, that is very simple. how come you didn’t let me know it earlier?”
thus he ordered the officially appointed property manager to offer coloured silk, and made fresh and energetic maids of honour to tear it into pieces. hundreds of bolts of coloured silk were utterly torn, but bao si remained unmoved.
why didn’t you let out a single smile then?” he asked.
i have never smiled so far, ” the queen replied.
the king tried over and over again, but failed repeatedly, and in the end he gave orders, anyone both in and out of court who can amuse bao si will be awarded one thousand pieces of gold.”
afterwards guo shifu, a treacherous court official came and offered advice: set the beacon tower on fire and fool your sovereign rulers.” that night the king and queen reached the lishan mountain by carriage, and gave the order. in the split second the flames of the fire lit up the sky ad the sovereign rulers moved their troops immediately to the lishan mountain. there they found nothing but that the king and queen enjoyed drinking festively. the king then dispatched his bodyguard to inform them that everything should have been all right. i have just been joking with you.” when they got this, they looked at each other in blank dismay, and left disappointed. sure enough, bao si burst into laughter, stroking her hands when she noticed all the troops come in vain and go noisily. accordingly, guo shifu got a prize of one thousand pieces of gold. later on king you did so more often than not. in 771 b.c. quan rong (a then minority tribe) staged an armed rebellion against the western zhou dynasty. king you ordered urgently to set the beacon tower on fire, but all the sovereign rulers remained unmoved. consequently king yu was killed, and bao si was taken away. the western zhou dynasty vanished. herein come the chinese idiom a single smile costs one thousand pieces of gold” and the sovereign rulers are fooled by the beacon fire.”
西安大清真寺导游词篇二
清真大寺位于西安市鼓楼街北隅的化觉巷内。因为它与大进修巷的清真寺对象遥遥相望，并且局限较大，故又被称为东大寺或清真大寺，为世界重点文物掩护单元。
据寺内现存石碑记实，清真大寺建成唐玄宗李隆基天宝元年(742年)，距今已有1250多年的汗青。经宋、元、明、清屡次重修和护建，慢慢形陈局限弘大，楼台、亭殿机关紧凑调和，肃静肃穆的构筑群。清真寺前后分四个院落，占地面积13000多平方米，构筑面积5000多平方米。前院紧临照壁的木牌坊，高约9米，琉璃瓦顶，挑角飞檐，雕梁画栋，极为壮观。南北双方为仿古构筑的迎接室。
第二院是悬挂“清真寺”匾额的五间楼。院内树木成荫，花园对称分列，石制牌楼耸立其间，碑阴雕刻有闻名书法家米芾、董其昌的题字。
第三院是敕赐殿，院中央是三层布局优良的八角形省心楼。南北两厢是经堂、宫殿，内里珍藏有阿拉伯文和华文翻译的《古兰经》及贵重书画等。
第四院中心是一真亭，又名凤凰亭，南北各有面宽七间的厅房。南厅后有石碑廊，陈列着建设和重修清真寺的碑刻。
一真亭后有海棠形鱼池喷泉，亭南北各有一座碑亭。进石门，走上辽阔的大月台，大殿就在正端。大殿面阔7间，进深9间，面积约1300平方米，可容纳千余人同时作星期。殿内天棚藻井，有画600余幅，彩绘图案纷歧，墙壁刻蔓草斑纹，套刻古兰经，构图着色，均示意中国伊斯兰教寺院构筑和宗教彩画的特色。
西安大清真寺导游词篇三
the mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 moslems in xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the provincial people’s government. unlike the arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the mosque here in xi’an possesses much chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to islamic mosques, this mosque also holds characteristics of chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.
however, any further discussion about the mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of islam into china is brought up.
islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century a.d. and was introduced to china in the mid-600s. at that time, arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of china by way of persia and afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with china. in the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through bangladesh bay and the malacca strait to china’s guangzhou, quanzhou, huangzhou, yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became moslems.
however, massive immigration of the moslems to china did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when genghis khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from central asia to eastern europe, including the north of iran. many of the moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in china.
among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the hui people in the history books on the yuan dynasty. the hui people later followed kublai khan down to the south, helping him unifying china and then establish the yuan dynasty. in the wake of the conquest, islam spread all over china and mosques began to appear everywhere. in the yuan dynasty, many moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. and a lot of the moslems took part in zhu yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the ming dynasty. therefore, all the emperors of the dynasty issued mandates to protect islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the moslems for their feats. in the early 16th century, islam predominated qinghai on the minority nationalities including the huis, the uygurs, the kazaks, the kirgizes, the tajiks, the tartars, the ozbeks, the dong xiangs, the salars and the bonans. the moslems in xi’an are mainly the huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in china.
the mosque at hua jue lane is the largest in xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in china.
according to the stele on the building of the mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the tang dynasty. however, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the ming dynasty. the four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. the still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. the stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the mosque. on the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher mi fu, may buddhism fill the universe”, on the other, royal -bestowed”by dong qichang, another master of the same art of the ming dynasty. they are treasures in chinese calligraphy. at the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a month tablet”, showing the calculation of the hui calendars in arabic, is stored. it was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called xiao mining in the early period of the qing dynasty. a three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called retrospection tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in islamic temples in arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the moslems to come to worship. respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a scripture chamber, both elegantly laid out. the five wooden houses, which are called water houses”in the southwest section of the mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. and in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the pavilion of phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. the pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. there are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and arabic letterings. the imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of mecca, to chant in koran and to pay their religious homage.
the moslems in china share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. they are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean”. according to koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. however, except a few places in xinjiang, the chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. upon his death, a moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on ke fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting scriptures at the funeral.
the chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. and of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.
西安大清真寺导游词篇四
清真大寺位于西安市鼓楼街北隅的化觉巷内。由于它与大学习巷的清真寺东西遥遥相望，而且规模较大，故又被称为东大寺或清真大寺，为全国重点文物保护单位。
据寺内现存石碑记载，清真大寺建成唐玄宗李隆基天宝元年(742年)，距今已有1250多年的历史。经宋、元、明、清几次重修和护建，逐步形成规模宏大，楼台、亭殿布局紧凑和谐，庄严肃穆的建筑群。清真寺前后分四个院落，占地面积13000多平方米，建筑面积5000多平方米。前院紧临照壁的木牌楼，高约9米，琉璃瓦顶，挑角飞檐，雕梁画栋，极为壮观。南北两边为仿古建筑的接待室。
第二院是悬挂“清真寺”匾额的五间楼。院内树木成荫，花圃对称排列，石制牌坊矗立其间，碑阴镌刻有著名书法家米芾、董其昌的题字。
第三院是敕赐殿，院中央是三层结构精巧的八角形省心楼。南北两厢是经堂、宫殿，里面珍藏有阿拉伯文和汉文翻译的《古兰经》及珍贵字画等。
第四院中心是一真亭，又名凤凰亭，南北各有面宽七间的厅房。南厅后有石碑廊，陈列着创建和重修清真寺的碑刻。
一真亭后有海棠形鱼池喷泉，亭南北各有一座碑亭。进石门，走上广阔的大月台，大殿就在正端。大殿面阔7间，进深9间，面积约1300平方米，可容纳千余人同时作礼拜。殿内天棚藻井，有画600余幅，彩画图案不一，墙壁刻蔓草花纹，套刻古兰经，构图着色，均表现中国伊斯兰教寺院建筑和宗教彩画的特色。
