语法说课稿(模板七篇)

人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退，写作可以弥补记忆的不足，将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来，也便于保存一份美好的回忆。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文，希望能够帮助到大家，我们一起来看一看吧。

语法说课稿篇一

——说课稿

济宁高新区高级中学 李凤建 尊敬的各位老师们：

大家好！今天我说课的主题是《高考英语语法填空》。下面我将从以下几方面作具体的分析。

一、题型分析

语法填空题的设臵将语法知识的考查臵于一篇英语短文中，通过设臵纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只有15分，占英语全卷分数的十分之一，但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分，不容忽视。要想此题有好的发挥，学好语法，注重运用必不可少，这是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键。

二、考点和命题特点分析：

语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性，而语法是重点。它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。具体考点和命题特点如下：

1．每一个空格的设臵都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。

2.考虑语境。既然采用短文形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文以较强的语境特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了，考生要想填出正确答案，至少要理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。

三、目标分析：

结合题型分析、考点分析及学情制定本节课教学目标

通过本节课的学习：

学生能够了解语法填空题型的特点及考点范围；

学生能够初步运用理解语篇和分析语法的解题技巧解决实际问题；

培养学生良好的学习策略，大胆地进行科学探究、合作创新的精神

本课按照“例题解析-真题演练-总结提升-自主运用”的教学思路，对本节课的教学进行设计，确立了五个教学环节：问题导入、整体理解、讲练结合、总结提升和拓展运用。

下面我简单地把这堂课的设计思路向大家汇报一下。

四、教学过程

talk give ss several minutes to have a free talk about “how do you deal with the preure of the entrance exam?” then have them speak out.1 设计意图：问题设臵贴合学生生活实际，容易引起学生共鸣，吸引学生的注意力，以便提高课堂效率，能够训练学生的口头表达能力及快速组织语言的能力，同时引导学生就如何缓解升学压力进行思考，从而铺垫课堂。

reading 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

get the main idea through fast the topic sentence of each paragraph down the main idea: 设计意图：通过设臵任务，一方面引导学生通读全文，正确理解文章主旨大意，把握作者的思路，以便联系上下文语义，分析归纳，填入符合词义、句意和上下文情景的正确答案。另一方面渗透学法---找段落主题句。

in blanks task1 无提示词 考点一：冠词或代词

give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.【解析】此处所涉及的短语 for a while为英语中的固定搭配，其中的不定冠词a不可或缺。

真题演练：

the one is being bottle-fed, other is with mum–she never suspects.[2016全国ⅰ卷] the train itself may be more important than the goods was carrying.[2017 济宁一模] your leg and let stay in the air for seconds.[2014 辽宁卷] 考点二：连词或从句引导词 so, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 poible before lunch.【解析】短语as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。

真题演练：

were told that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, for the week after.[2014 广东卷] my connection with pandas goes back to my days on the tv show in the mid—1980s, i was the first western tv reporter......[2016全国卷ⅰ] 考点分析：

2 解题技巧： 考点三：介词

most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【解析】考查固定搭配。

短语be focused on集中于....；

很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。真题演练：

new boy looked at the teacher ____ a few seconds.[2012 广东卷] ’t laugh ____ me.[2014 辽宁卷] my connection with pandas goes back my days on the tv show …… [2016全国ⅰ卷] 设计意图:通过例题分析、真题演练，使学生把握无提示题型的考点分布。在讲练结合的基础上，引导学生分析考点，总结解题技巧，达到学以致用的目的。同时引导学生重视理解文章主旨大意，关注文章微观语境中词汇、句子与篇章结构的联系。

task2有提示词 考点四：谓语动词

g the le important things until tomorrow 63(be)often acceptable.【解析】考查主谓一致 动名词短语在句中做主语，谓语动词用单数。 whatever it is, 70(make)sure it’s a relief from daily stre rather than another thing to worry about.【解析】 考查祈使句，动词短语make sure放句首，构成祈使句。真题演练：

1969,the pollution was terrible along the cuyahoga river cleveland, _（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.[2014 全国卷ⅰ] 2.i(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center.[2016 全国卷ⅰ] 考点五：非谓语动词

if you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be le likely 69(bring)your work home.【解析】考查考生在一定语境中正确使用动词不定式的能力和熟练程度，此处的不定式是be likely to do sth.结构的一部分。

真题演练：

took years of work __(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.[2014 全国卷ⅰ] 2.i was the first western tv reporter(permit)to film a special unit

3 caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.[2016 全国卷ⅰ] 考点六：词性转换

you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of 61(great)and le importance.【解析】形容词的比较级

then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62(achieve).【解析】考名词，横线前有介词of 66(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67(regular).【解析】考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。【解析】考查副词。在英语这个副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。

真题演练：

had an__(amaze)conversation.[2011 广东卷] river was so polluted that it_(actual)caught fire and burned.[2014 全国卷ⅰ] title will be(official)given to me at a ceremony in london.[2016 全国卷ⅰ] 设计意图：运用同样的方法，培养学生对词汇、语法规则和构词法知识在特定语境中的应用能力。

step4 group work designing blanks by yourselves: 假如你是高考命题专家，根据所学语法填空解题技巧，完成下面5处考点的设臵。也欢迎你大胆地设臵其他考点, 并“show off”出题意图。要求：1个空白及4个所给词（包含“1处形容词”，“1处谓语动词”，“1处非谓语动词”的考点设臵，剩余1处可自由发挥。）

when sharing your creative blanks, please tell us: you set this blank? skill is needed? kind of mistake students may make? if poible, please give some suggestions!have ss show off their creative blanks.设计意图：本环节使自主学习和合作学习相结合，任务的设臵层层递进，有简到难，逐步突破难点。旨在培养学生学以致用，大胆创新，逆向思维的能力，把本节课学习的重点内容全部融入到任务中，使学生在完成任务的同时全面复习巩固本课重点知识，以便提高学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。

4 step5 summary what have we learned today？

设计意图：通过小结再一次引导学生对本节课的重点知识作进一步巩固 step6 homework the paage on your ize what we have learned in a table.设计意图：训练学生正确运用所学的学习策略，解决实际问题，加深对本节课内容和语言知识的理解，培养学生的归纳概括能力。

总之，在语法专项训练中，引导学生把握好语法填空题的命题动向，熟悉考查内容,理清做题的思路，掌握做题的技巧，就可以做到：有的放矢、有章可循、事半功倍，从而提高做题的效率和准确性。

语法说课稿篇二

教师招聘英语语法课说课稿

good afternoon, my dear judges!i am the third topic is unit 5 attributive clause(prep+which/whom).it’s my pleasure to stand here sharing my teaching plan with plan is composed of several of all, i’ll talk about analysis of teaching 1 teaching material:

my leon is from new senior english for china book_2 unit5 grammar main topic is friends and friend ship, while the grammar is attributive clause(prep+which/whom).by studying this cla, students will understand the grammar points clearly and use them to in daily ly, i’d like to state the analysis of 2 students

students of this period have learned english for a long time,hence they acquire basic grammar r,they think grammar learning is abstract and i will take special activities to help ing to the new curriculum standard,i set aims as 3 teaching aim

dge objects(语言目标：语音，词汇，语法，功能，话题)

the ss can master attributive clause(prep+which/whom)in prep which or prep whom y objects(技能目标：听，说，读，写)

ss can apply the grammars into their daily nal objects(情感目标：兴趣，自信，合作，爱国，国际视野)

ss will be more interesting in grammar learning

part 4 the key and difficult points

next,i put forward the key points and difficult key points is to master the usage of attributive clause(prep+which/whom).the difficult points is how to use grammars 5 teaching and studying methods

in this cla, i will use inductive method and cooperative 7 teaching procedure

now let’s come into the most important part-teaching consists of six g up

the first step is warming and last cla,we learned about monkees band,-do you know what was their first music? any volunteers? tony, said they played music,most of which was based on the grammar ,it’s a attributive have learned it ’s change it:they played music which was based on the there and differences? today we will learn about attributive clause in preposition which and preposition whom h this free talk,i can attract ss’ attentions and interest in grammar learning.(3)it can lay a foundation for the next tation

after warming up ,ss will find out the different places among these.i will ask a ss to underline the i will explain the literal meaning ofattributive clause(prep+which/whom).ss will have a clear understanding of the grammar ,i will give them more examples to deepen their example，the singer in whom we have great interest was in show by which we were to become famous is in a music step can help ss have a basic understanding of the grammar structure and improve their learning ce

next, let’s come to the practice step.i will ask ss to find out all the attributive clause in or many as 2 minutes individual work ,they can exchange ideas with partners and analyze the meaning of which or whom in the sentence.1 minute later,i will ask some students to have a can evaluate their activity designed here is to consolidate grammar tion

task uce this step , i will ask students to introduce their favorite will finish it in group example: deng ziqi has special voice,with which chinese people are very took part in i’m singer competition ,in which she made a miracle.5 minutes later,some groups will share their the

that time, other students will be judges to find out some mistakes and give them purpose here is to help ss apply the grammar points in daily y and homework

after the task,i will ask students to conclude what we have learned i will set will finish the grammar write a composition to introduce your favorite singer using attributive will share their ideas in the next english rk is neceary to consolidate their knowledge and improve their oral last ,i will talk about blackboard ctive and non restrictive attibutive played music ,most of which was based on the played music which was based on the beatles.

语法说课稿篇三

good afternoon, everyone.i’m zhou yan.i’m an english teacher from experimental school of i’ll say sample a of leon six in book one.i’ll prepare to say the leon from four one analysis of the teaching material(一)status and function

is an important leon in book this leon, it starts asking the ss to grasp contents of each attain “four skills” request of listening, speaking, reading and start listing “word bank” and tell the ss to remember the new start asking the ss to write english sentences ore this leon is in the important position of the teaching leon is the first one of unit if the ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the ss learn the rest of this a topic is related to daily life, so it is helpful to raise learning interests of students and it will be also helpful to improve their spoken english.(二)analysis of the students

the ss has learned english for about one month so can understand some words and some simple ss have taken a great interest in english now.(三)teaching aims and demands

the teaching aims basis is established according to junior school english syllabus dge objects

(1)to make the ss know how to use the affirmative sentence “this is....” and the negative sentence “this is not….”everyday expreions for “apologies”“im sorry”“thats all right”.(2)to study the new words “six, hey, sorry, it’s, that’s”, learning the dialogue of this leon.(3)to finish some y objects

(1)to develop the ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing.(2)to train the ss’ ability of working in pairs.(3)to develop the ss’ abilities of communication by learning the useful objects

(1)to enable the ss to be polite and love life.(2)to enable the ss to look after their things well.(四)teaching key and difficult points

the teaching key and difficult points’ basis is established according to sample a of leon six in the teaching materials position and points:(1).to help the ss to communicate with each other.(2).to enable the ss to study in groups and co-operate skillfully.(3).to develop the ss’ interest in ult points:

(1)how to make dialogues and act them out.(2)how to write the right whole sentences.(五)teaching aids

multi-media computer, tape recorder, software: powerpoint or authorware, school things and so will be needed in this two the teaching methods icative teaching method -visual teaching method -based” teaching method

as we all know: the main instructional aims of learning english in the middle school is to cultivate students’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading, writing and their good sense of the english in this leon i’ll mainly use “communicative” teaching method, “audio-visual” teaching method and “task-based” teaching is to say, i’ll let the ss to get a better understanding of the key structure of the dialogue.i’ll give the ss some tasks and arrange five kinds of activities: talking, gueing games, watching cai, acting out sample a and having a ng special features

to use these methods are helpful to develop the ss’ three studying ways

the ss how to be succeful language the ss pa "observation—imitation—practice " to study the ss how to master dialogues and how to communicate with ng special features:

let the ss communicate with each other and adopt competition methods to develop the ss’ keen interest in four teaching procedure

i’ll finish this leon in four i’ll divide the ss into four groups and bring a competition into the last let’s see which group is the 1 warm-up

talk between t and as: hi, i’m....what’s your name? this is ….how do you do? who is he/she? how are you? who can count from 1to 5? what’s this in english? etc.2.a game: ask the ss to give t some school example: t: give me your book.(ruler, box, pen, table, knife, etc.)

t: this is your is not my ’s your this course i’ll ask them to make a dialogue group by group without out which group will make the most e of my designing: i think it is important to form a better english learning surrounding for the ss by imitating and at the same time it is neceary to provide situations to review learned tation

this course is very important.i’ll mainly talk about this step.i’ll use cai to present the whole e some situations to help ss understand sample scene: there is a bag on the floor.b is picking it up and get ready to a is talking with b.a: hi, are you today? b: i’m fine, thank you? a: i’m fine, , this is my bag.b: no, this is not your ’s my bag.a:(look closely)oh, i’m sorry.b: that’s all right.(at the same time, c is running up and hitting a.)c: oh, i’m sorry.a: that’s ok.i’ll write the key points on the bb while they are watching, i’ll teach them to read the words and sentences on the sure they can read them e of my designing: to present sample a by cai is much easier for the ss to learn and grasp the can provide a real situation with its sound and picture and it makes the relationships between the ss ce

first play the tape the ss listen and imitate the attention to their pronunciation and this step the ss are required to practise the sample in pairs by reading the dialogue step is employed to make the ss grasp the last i’ll ask the ss to think hard and act it out with a partner according to sample find out which group will act it out well.i’ll give them red e of my designing: this step is employed to make the ss get the general idea of the dialogue as a whole the same time let the ss have a chance to practise their listening and spoken tion

in this step i’ll give the ss a free space to show their scene: the ss are having a ’s hot and they take off their coats and put them are singing and dancing, laughing and the picnic, they begin to look for their coats.d and e are talking.f and g are watching, i’ll give the ss some tasks to make similar dialogues without repetition and find out which group will make more e of my designing: “task-based” teaching method is used here to develop the ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well the ss we should be polite and take good care of our should love our life.i think proper competition can arouse the ss’ interest in english the ss can finish this task well, they will benefit a lot in their spoken 1 model 1.i’ll ask four ss of the groups to write these sentences on the bb in the four check their handwriting, correct their out who will write well and whose handing is the the ss’ worke of my designing: to check the knowledge ss have learned in this rk:

(1)recite the words as many as poible after cla.(2)make a dialogue according to sample a and write it in the exercise e of my designing: i think homework is so important that the ss should speak english as much as they can in cla or after is neceary for the ss to do some extensive exercises after cla to consolidate the knowledge they oard design

leon six sample asix this is my….hey this is not your....sorry it’s my....picture it’s=it is oh, i’m ’s=that is that’s all right/ok.

语法说课稿篇四

英语语法课教案模板 初中英语教学设计

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3

【篇2：教案模板】

【篇3：小学英语教学设计模板】

语法说课稿篇五

《英语语法》说课稿

外语系

alice

一、课程在人才培养方案中的地位和作用

本课程由外语系开课，是一门专业基础课，授课对象为外语系所有专业的学生。授课学期是：大一的第二个学期和大二的第一个学期，共两个学期，每周两个课时。该课程的先修课程为口语、听力和基础英语。根据我院外语系的人才培养方向，外语系的毕业生需要经过专业学习和实践，在英语应用能力提高的同时，在以后的外贸报关员、外贸跟单员、英语导游、外销员等工作；也在企业从事翻译及文秘等工作。无论是外语系那个专业的学生，都不可避免的在目前的英语学习和以后的工作中接触到英文资料。因此，掌握一定数量英文语法对于外语系专业人才培养起着重要作用。《英语语法》课程在外语系系人才培养过程中能帮助学生更好理解英文资料中的语法结构，加快学生的阅读速度，帮助其他基础课程和专业课程的学习，从而为学生的就业之路做好铺垫。另外，外语系的学生在按照学院规定获得英语应用能力a级等级证书的同时，很多学生要参加英语四级和六级以及剑桥商务英语等级考试。该门课程在很大程度上能够作为基础英语的补充课程帮助学生巩固和延伸现有的英语知识体系，为以后的就业和继续学习做一个坚实的铺垫。

二、课程教学设计及改革思路

（一）教学目标及教材分析

通过学习英语语法，使学生识记一些基本的语法规则，掌握英语语法的每个章节重点，从而帮助学生提高英语阅读和写作等各个方面的能力。

该课程使用教材：史洁等编著：《语法教程》，外语教学与研究出版社2008年版。

该教材的重点：语法术语为中英文讲解，单元与单元的知识体系衔接比较合理。教材的重点明显突出在英语中重要的词性和句型方面。

该教材的难点：各种从句和虚拟语气的使用和理解。

选用该教材的依据：该教材的起点词汇在1，500词左右（起点低），语法规则难度适中，每个语法点后面都有大量的练习，通过有效的实践，可以达到既定的学习目标。每个单元的后面都附有一篇美文阅读，在学生学以致用的同时也激发学生的学习兴趣。整体难度适合我院外语系学生的英语程度。

（二）课程的整体设计和单元设计

《英语语法》课程的授课时间为一个学年，共计72学时，每周2学时。而本教材有15个单元构成，英语语法的学时具体分配如下：

第一学期讲授内容：共36学时，授课32学时，机动学时4学时 unit 1、句子(4学时)unit 2、名词(4学时)unit 3、代词(4学时)

unit 4、形容词和副词(6学时)unit 5、限定词(4学时)unit 6、介词(4学时)

unit 7、动词、时态和语态(6学时)

第二学期讲授内容：共36学时，授课32学时，机动学时4学时 unit 8、名词性从句(4学时)unit 9、定语从句(4学时)unit 10、状语从句(4学时)unit 11、倒装(4学时)unit 12、虚拟语气(4学时)unit 13、强调(4学时)unit 14、省略（4学时）unit 15、一致关系（4学时）

接下来就以第二单元nouns为例来给大家介绍一下单元设计。第一步：教师会先通过提问及讲评作业来复习第一单元sentence里面的内容；第二步：教师会告诉学生本单元的主要内容有哪些方面。第三步：本节课要学习的主要内容：名词的分类；第四步：通过课堂练习来让学生掌握名词的具体应用。第五步也是最后一步就是对本次课进行总结并布置作业。

（三）主要教学方法和手段

集体授课，教学手段包括教师讲授，师生互动，学生讨论，教师点评，学生练习等。

（四）实践教学内容及环节的确定

本课程的实践部分主要在课后由学生完成，教师会根据每次课授课的重点，有针对性的让学生通过课下作业完成，比如让学生从指定文章中挑出一定数量的名词进行造句。教师可在课内时间挑选一些作业交给学生讨论并讲评。通过讨论法的方式潜移默化地提高学生的英语语法。

（五）课程所需的教学条件

投影仪，台式电脑，多媒体课室。

（六）课程教学的参考资料

郑锐：《大学英语语法教程》 经济科学出版社 2009年版 黄礼珍等：《英语语法新教程》浙江大学出版社 2008年版 邓文杰：《高级英语语法》 华东师范大学出版社 2009年版

（七）课程的考核方式与成绩评定

考试方式：闭卷考试；平时考核40%，期末成绩60%。

三、教学对象分析及教学效果预测

（一）教学对象分析

1.该门课程的学生为外语系系低年级学生，自主学习能力较弱。

2．所有学生均具备一定英语基础，但是有部分学生基础较薄弱。

3．学生专业上掌握了英语语法的基本结构，但是输入的是英文，输出语言多为中文，故部分学生没有很好的学以致用。

4．男女比例失衡，不利于课堂分组讨论。

（二）教学效果预测 1．由于学生英语起点相对较低，在课堂英文表达中，当听到一些语法术语的，学生使用“回避策略”的可能性会较高。

2．由于语法课向来给学生一种很枯燥的感觉，学生在开课初可能会对老师有不信任感。

3.从句和虚拟语气在本册书的难点，而英语和汉语在这两项语法点的使用上差异较大。由于母语的负迁移作用，学生可能会对这些单元的语法知识感到云里雾里。

4．词汇教学会比较顺利，因为只要学生认识了这些词的词性及用法，就会觉得很容易下手，会有一种成就感。

语法说课稿篇六

语法

1．5种类型的谓语

1326 在一个完整的句子中，主语之外的部分称为谓语，共有5种类型的谓语。

第一类包含一个不及物动词（ⅳ）：

he came． my wife cried．

第二类包含一个及物动词及其宾语（tv＋o）： john likes me．

his uncle wrote letters．

第三类包含一个双宾动词、一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语（dv+io+do）： they teach me english． i bought mary sugar．

第四类包含一个系动词及主语补语（lv＋c）： he is a teacher． she looks sad．

第五类包含一个宾补动词、宾语及宾语补语（fv＋o＋c）： we made him king．

she left the house dirty．

1．基本成分

130

2根据其结构，句子可以分为5类： a．主语

＋

不及物动词

john

came．（s）

（iv）b．主语

＋

及物动词

＋

宾语

john

likes

oranges．

（s）

（tv）

（o）c．主语

＋

双宾动词

＋

间接宾语

＋

直接宾语 john

gave

mary

books．（s）

（dv）

（io）

（do）

d．主语

＋

系动词

＋

主语补语

john

is

happy．

（s）

（lv）

（sc）e．主语

＋

宾补动词

＋

宾语

＋

宾语补语

john

makes

mary

angry．

（s）

（fv）

（o）

（oc）

主语、不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。在上面的句子中，如把任何一个成分删除，都会成为病句。从上面例句也可看出，完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。

2．附属成分

130

3基本成分可以加修饰语：1）定语（即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句）或2）状语（即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句）。下面例句中，修饰语为斜体字，被修饰的词为黑体字：

1）poor john tottered toward a hospital nearby． john likes oranges imported from the u．s．．

john gave mary many books，which are full of illustrations． 2）john often came to chat with me． john likes oranges very much．

whenever he gets drunk，john makes mary very angry．

这类句子，即使把修饰语去掉，结构仍是完整的。这种修饰语，可能在意思上很重要，但在结构上不影响句子的完整性，因此称作附属成分。

3．独立成分

130

4句中还有一类成分，可以去掉，不影响句子的完整性，并和句子的其他词没有语法的关系，可以称作独立成分。

oh！what is that！（惊叹词）he has，alas，failed again． come here，john．（呼语）roll on，ocean，roll on．

4．省略成分

130

5此外还有一类被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：

（you）come here．（i wish you）good luck！

some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs．

5．连接成分

1306

最后还有连接成分，它实际上是一个并列连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。

1307，一个完整的句子（从句或分句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。

1．解析

that—指示形容词，修饰单数名词boy。

boy—普通名词，阳性，单数，主格，为动词shook的主语。shook—及物动词，过去式。

his—物主代词，阳性，单数，第三人称，所有格，修饰名词head。head—普通名词，中性，单数，宾格，shook的宾语。

2．分析

3．图解

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 解析对词的分类处理过多，不甚有用。分析说明了句中词之间的关系，但有时显得很复杂。图解最有用，因为它以最简单明了的方式说明了词与词之间的关系，这种关系有时会把读者弄糊涂。

1．4个基本成分的图解办法

1309 5类基本句及4种基本成分可以用下面的方式加以图解： {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 一个词的特定地位意味着它的特定作用。和横线交叉的左边竖线把主语s（在左面）和动词v（在右面）分开。斜线表示它右面的词为主语或宾语的补语。另一竖线表示右面的词为宾语o。

2．附属成分的图解办法

1310

主语、动词。宾语及补语这4种基本成分都放在横线的上方，附属成分，如形容词、副词及起相同作用的其他词语，都放在横线的下方，紧挨在它们所修饰词的下面：

my father left yesterday．

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} some people write commercial letters skillfully． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} some naughty little children broke his expensive spectacles purposely．

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} a downright bad man is very often a wonderfully succeful man． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} the old man opposite the street visited his children in francein 1968． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

3．成语、助动词、动名词等的图解办法

131

1应当记住，一个空位通常只容一个词（类），但成语由几个词构成却起一个词（类）的作用。因此有必要把构成成语的几个词放在一个空位中，因为成语表示一个单一的意思，不宜分割成几个词（类）：

the minister of economics paid attention to the inflation． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 助动词应和主要动词放在一起：

she has been raising her children for the last ten years． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语或名词从句，在用作主语、宾语或补语时，可用一个 他词的关系：

he is in a bad temper．

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 注意，这个句子有3个基本成分：主语+系动词+补语。第三部分in a bad temper的图解，不仅说明了这 4个词之间的关系，还通过使用

说明它作为一来进行图解，不仅表示其内在结构，还表示它作为一个词和其个单一词类和其他词之间的关系，即起形容词的作用，作为系动词is的补语。

在下面图解中，这个短语占了2个空位，这样容易引起误会，因为人们会以为这个句子包含4个基本成分：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} to tell lies is not always succeful· {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 上面图解中to tell lies这个不定式短语，一方面表明了to tell 是一个及物动词，lies是它的宾语，另一方面说明整个短语起名词作用，只占一个空，作为句子的主语。如果用下面图解，就会引起误会：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} he likes playing tennis in the morning． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 注意上面动名词playing tennis in the morning的图解，一方面说明playing为及物动词，tennis为其宾语，而in the morning为其修饰语，另一方面说明这个短语起名词作用，用作及物动词（谓语动词）like的宾语。

he washes before taking dinner． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 注意，talking dinner这个动名词短语，通过使用，表明为一个单一词类，起名词作用，用作介词before的宾语。如作下面图解则会引起误会：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} know that you speak english well． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 注意that引起的从句的图解，一方面表明了这5个词之间的关系（that为连词，主语为you，speak为及物动词，宾语为english，well为speak的修饰语），另一方面说明整个从句起一个单一词即名词的作用，用作及物动词，know的宾语。that上下的两条模线表明它是一个连词。

4．其他规则

1312 在图解中省略的词应用圆括号标出： he has walked fifty miles．

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} come here．

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} what（=the thing which）i know is unimportant． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 问号及惊叹号放在正横线右边末尾，在图解中大写字母保持不变： can he come？

what a trip we have had！

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 只要句子的意思保持不变，词语位置的任何变动都不影响图解。he left for france yesterday．和yesterday he left for france．图解的方式一样：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 同样，i sing this song specially for you．和specially for you i sing this song．图解的方式一样：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} my happy days are gone！和 gone are my happy days！也如此： {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 某个特殊的句子，根据不同的理解可有不同的图解方式。例如在 he is out of temper．中，out of temper可看作是成语，是一个整体，这时图解方式如下：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 如果把它看作介词短语，包含2个成分，则可作如下图解：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 在walking along the street，john met mary．这个句子中，walking along the street可以看作定语，这时可以按下面方式图解：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 如果把它看作状语，图解会是下面这个方式： {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 还有一些其他规则，说明如下：

在主要横线左端下方的竖线来表示它后面或下面的词和全句有关，可以是一个句子修饰语或是一个把这个句子和另一句子连接起来的并列连词：

luckily，i found the lost ring． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} in at word，i can do no more． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} i study music and my wife does housework． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} he is a great politician；besides，he is an artist． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} he worked very hard；on the other hand，his children played all day． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} indeed he knows his fault，but he refuses to own it． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 最后，注意以后各节中，凡有星号的例句，都将在各句型讲完之后加以图解。

ⅰ．名词（或代词）

1314 books are good companions． london is populous．

如果由名词表示的主语受到强调或有较长的修饰语，它可以由一个代词代替，本身则移到句子末尾：

he is a nice fellow，your uncle．

it is truly long，that bridge acro the yellow river． they have gone away，those rascals． there it stood a monument of all ages．

it is funny the way（that）he teaches his children．（主语可以跟一定语从句）

it astonishes me the number of the wives he has． it is inscrutable the rumour that is spreading． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} [＝]表示它上面的整个词组和它前面的词指的是同一东西。

ⅱ．名词成语

1315 “crocodile tears”means pretended sorrow．the dog star is the largest fixed star．a“field piece”means a cannon．

the river bed is muddy．i wore a sun hat．he is a paper tiger and who is afraid of him？（名词+名词）

his maiden speech is wonderful．a leap year comes every fourth year．his untimely end is beyond belief．a wet blanket and a queer fish are coming toward us．is a heavy hand enough to suppre the revolt？（形容词+名词）

today is all foolsday．a cats paw may be a scapegoat．this printers ink is poor．“mans estate”means the age of manhood．（名词所有格+名词）

an apple of discord was thrown among them．a jack of all trades may be a good-for－nothing．a fish out of water will die soon．here is a case in point．a friend at court will help me．（名词+介词+名词）

the ins and outs of this scandal interested us．the long and short of the story is this．the ups and downs of life are familiar to my uncle．（名词+and +名词）

guangdong province is in the south of china．stratford-on-avon is the birth－place of shakespeare．the ministry of education has iued an important ordinance．（专有名词短语）

其他例子：

a curtain lecture，elbow room，an insect bite，fairy tales the almighty dollar，the dark continent，the black market，a dark room，a golden wedding，an aching void，a low diet the bulls eye，a sheeps eye，a fools cap，a sailors home，achilles heel，adams apple，the lions share，the kings evil the age of machinery，the art of god，the man in the street，a bed of roses，a woman of the world，a man of family，a letter of credit，a word of honour，castles in the air，a friend in need，a man about town all beer and skittle，the alpha and beta，the why and where－ fore the sum and substance，darby and joan，david and jonathan {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

ⅲ．代词

1316 we shall start tomorrow．she likes it．

mine（= my family）is an unhappy family．his（=his fate）has been the fate of an unusual artist．hers is a car made in germany．（名词性物主代词+系动词+名词）

we（= our cla）are full up．we（= our office）close on saturday afternoon．he（= his watch）is too fast．we（＝ our things）have been packed．（人称代词有时可用来表示属于某人的东西）

my uncle he（名词+多余的代词）wants it done．people in town they have never seen cows．（文化低的人的语言或歌谣中的说法）

she is a nice girl，mary．they are very selfish，those people．（代词在前，指同一人或东西的名词在后，参阅1314节）

it is hot（or cloudy，snowing，raining．）（it指天气）

it is spring（or morning，sunday，my birthday）；struck three，is growing towards evening．（it指时间）

it is ten miles（or a long way）．（it指距离）it is i（or me）．（it指一个身份尚不清楚的人）

it is all over with him．how is it with him？how goes it？（it 泛指一般情况）

it is my sister（主语受到强调）that（or who）studied english at a．a．a．school when she was seventeen．（用it is…that…这种结构可以对主语、宾语、状语短语或状语从句加以强调。my sister studied at a．a．a．school when she was seventeen．是原来的句子，对主语加以强调时可改为上面形式。）

it is english（宾语受到强调）that（or which）my sister studied，etc．

it is at a．a．a．school（状语短语受到强调）that（or where）my sister studied english，etc．

it is when she was seventeen（状语从句受到强调）that my sister studied english at a．a．a．school．

it is i that said so．

it is waiting for a chance that will not do．

it is here（or then，for this reason，with a lightning speed）that he married her．

it was after seeing her that he became crazy．

who is it that you want？what is it that he is looking for？ it is only arithmetic that he is afraid of．it is only her idols that she pays attention to．it is not his children that he cares about，but his busine．

it is a good horse that never stumbles．（= no horse is so good as to never stumble．）（这类常在谚语中出现的句子，结构虽和上面句子相同，意思却不一样。）

it is a silly fish that is caught twice．（= no fish is so silly as to be caught twice．）

it is an ill bird that fouls his own nest．（= no bird is so ill as to foul his own nest．）

注：it可以代表一个动名词、不定式或从句。可参阅1318—1322。{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} it表示 the thing，that引起的从句可以看做定语，修饰主语it。that起从属连词和代词的作用，图解记号异于并列连词。

ⅳ．the+形容词（或分词）

1317 the brave deserve the fair．the young are to be educated．there are the dying and the dead，the slain and the van－ guished．（复数主语）

the beautiful and the good is our ideal．the middle or the thick of the forest has many animals in it．the accused（or the deceased）is a rich man．the french is different in character from the english．（单数主语）

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

ⅴ．不定式

1318 作主语的不定式常常由it代替，本身放到句末作为it的同位语： to live in tokyo would be too expensive．it would be too expensive to live in tokyo．

to go out of town every weekend became our custom．it became our custom to go out of town every weekend．

to have broken his leg is his bad luck．it is his bad luck to have broken his leg．

to be happy requires（or needs，wants）no great fortune． it requires no great fortune to be happy．

to be rich or to be poor makes a lot of difference．it makes a lot of difference to be rich or to be poor．

to raise the fund，to set up the building，to employ workers，all these take time．

the story makes me sick to repeat．to repeat the story makes me sick．it makes me sick to repeat the story．（这三句意思相同，却有不同的主语。）this theory takes much time to understand．to understand this theory takes much time．it takes much time to understand this theory．

to answer the question you asked in your letter is easy． it is easy to answer the question you asked in your letter． the question you asked in your letter，it is easy to answer．（这三句意思相同，可比较其主语。）

to handle a wife who comes of a rich family seems difficult．it seems difficult to handle a wife who comes of a rich family．a wife who comes of a rich family，it seems difficult to handle．

不定式可以有一个意义上的主语：

for john to live in tokyo would be too expensive．it would be too expensive for john to live in tokyo．

for a commoner to marry a noblemans daughter does not astonish me．it does not astonish me for a commoner to marry a noblemans daughter． for politicians to talk about peace is as funny as for drinkers to talk about temperance．it is as funny as for drinkers to talk about temperance，for politicians to talk about peace．

下面句子中的不定式没有意义上的主语。for you，of you等和 it is有关，起补语作用：

it is for（or up to）you to say yes or no．（＝to say yes or no is for[or up to] you．）

it is easier for you to speak to the bo than for me．（=to speak to the bo is easier for you than for me．）

it is very kind of you to do so．（=to do so is very kind of you．）it is natural in mary to love john． it is inconvenient to her to wait so long． it is up to you to apologize． {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 注意意义上的主语 for john是如何图解的。

ⅵ．动名词

1319 和不定式一样，作主语的动名词也可以用it代替：

living in tokyo would be too expensive．it would be too expensive living in tokyo．

crying over spilt milk is no use．it is no use crying over spilt milk． there is no climbing up the cliff．（= climbing up the cliff is impoible．）

there is no denying the fact．（=denying the fact is impoible．）johns（or his）living in tokyo would be too expensive． it would be too expensive johns（or his）living in tokyo．（动名词这里有意义上的主语）

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 注意动名词意义上主语johns如何图解的。

ⅶ．that引起的从句

1320 由 that引起的主语从句常可用 it代替，而本身则移到句尾，作为it的同位语：

that he had succeeded pleased me very much．it pleased me very much that he had succeeded．

that he was killed is a serious matter．it is a serious matter that he was killed．

that he has done his best is clear．it is clear（that）he has done his best．（如果句子不长，that可以省略。）

the fact（or the circumstance）that he was killed was a serious matter．（that引起的从句前面常可放 the fact或the circumstance）

it is clear（or likely，certain）that he likes his job．

it would be better that he give up smoking（=he had better give up smoking）．

it is rumoured（or said，learned，denied）that the premier decides to resign．

it is a pity that he should die so young．

it happened（or chanced，came about，developed，turned out）that the detective himself was the thief．

it came about that we had not enough money to pay the bill． it seems（or appears，occurs）to me that she is a poet． it struck me that i could be a lawyer．

he is poor，but it does not follow that he will cheat anyone． it is not that a is an upright man，but that he has no chance to do evil．it may be that b is too hungry to do any good，but it cannot be that he is willing to do any evil．

it is（high）time that we started．

how is it that you know so much？how comes it（about）that you know so much？how come（=why）you know so much？

（it is）some（little，no）wonder（that）he failed．（在用 wonder作补语时，it is可以省略。）

（it was）a wonder（that）he did not fall．what wonder（was it）that he falled？（= it was natural that he failed．）

it is said（or denied，rumoured）that the mayor fell in love with mary．the mayor，it is said（or denied，rumoured），fell in love with mary．（这两句意思几乎相同，但在第二句中不能用 that。）

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 由that引起的从句用作名词及主语。注意连词that的图解方式。{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

ⅷ．疑问词引起的从句

1321 由疑问词引起的从句，和that引起的从句一样，可以由it代替： how he could do it seemed a mystery．it seemed a mystery how he could do it．

where he had escaped puzzled me．it puzzled me where he had escaped． what is it to me who he is？

it does not matter when you get married，but… {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} 连接词how和副词how都在这个图解中表示出来，但一个需加括号。{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

ⅸ．疑问词+不定式

132

2疑问词引起的不定式，和连接词引起的从句一样，也可以用it代替： how to escape seems to be a problem．it seems to be a problem，how to escape．

what to say puzzles me．it puzzles me what to say．

whether or not to follow the policy depends upon circumstances．it depends upon circumstances．whether or not to follow the policy．

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!} {ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

ⅹ．术语和引语

1323 on is a preposition．buy means“get by paying a price”．“look before you leap is a famous proverb．“honesty is the best policy”is a saying often ridiculed by people．

ⅺ．介词短语

1324 from seven to seven is our store hours．from infancy to manhood is an important period．from here to there is a short distance．good in the saddle is good for everything．（这样的短语用作主语时很少）

ⅻ．省略

1325（you）sit down，please．（you）wait a minute．（do you）like it？（you had）better say no．（are you）feeling any better？（it）seems to be impoible．（作主语时，有些代词有时省略。）

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

1．5种类型的谓语

1326 在一个完整的句子中，主语之外的部分称为谓语，共有5种类型的谓语。

第一类包含一个不及物动词（ⅳ）： he came． my wife cried．

第二类包含一个及物动词及其宾语（tv＋o）： john likes me．

his uncle wrote letters．

第三类包含一个双宾动词、一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语（dv+io+do）： they teach me english． i bought mary sugar．

第四类包含一个系动词及主语补语（lv＋c）： he is a teacher． she looks sad．

第五类包含一个宾补动词、宾语及宾语补语（fv＋o＋c）： we made him king．

she left the house dirty．

2．动词的短语形式

1327 不过动词、宾语及补语的意义还应当广一些，上面例句中的及物动词、不及物动词或其他动词都是一个单词，但有时可以是一个起同样作用的短语或成语。例如“及物动词+名词”可以看作是一种不及物动词：

he lost heart．（他灰心了。）

this habit has struck root．（这种习惯已根深蒂固）下面句子中的动词成语则可以看作是一种及物动词：

i looked for my lost dictionary．（我在找我弄失的字典。）he paid attention to his leon．（他很注意他的功课。）he gave up drinking．（他戒酒了。）he is afraid of blood．（他怕血。）

he cant get along with anyone．（他和谁都处不好。）下面句中的动词成语可以看作一种宾补动词： i waited for him to come．（我等他来。）详见 1182—1206节。

3．宾语的9种形式

1328 此外，也不只是名词或代词可用作宾语，共有9种东西可用作及物动词、双宾动词及宾补动词的宾语。由于它们是名词或起名词的作用，可以称作名词等同体（noun－equivalent），名词等同体，可用作动词的宾语：

i know john（名词）． she kept the floor dirty． i will teach john chinese．

i know him（代词）． she kept it clean． that depends upon them．

he threw out an apple of discord（名词短语）． i have just visited the board of trade． i am not fond of wild goose chase．

this matter interests the rich and the poor（the +形容词或分词）． the general visited the dying and the wounded．i know the long and（the）short of this case．

he wants to go to college（不定式）． she refuses to marry me．

i asked to see a friend in prison．

he is fond of swimming in the morning（动名词）． he avoids meeting any of his friends． i postponed going to the doctor．

i know that she loves me（that引起的从句）． i am sure that you will succeed． is he afraid that he will be defeated？ i wonder what he wants（疑问词引起的从句）． i asked where he had been．

i dont know which way i should go．

i dont know what to do（疑问词引起的不定式）． i am doubtful how to settle this problem． i do not care where to eat dinner．

4．补语的15种形式

1329 不只是名词和形容词可用作补语，上面所提的9种名词等同体以及下面例句中的6种形容词等同体（adjective－equiva－lent）都可用作系动词或宾补动词的补语。

名词及名词等同体作补语： he is a king（名词）． we chose him chairman． it is me（代词）．

he became a fish out of water（名词短语）． i find it a moot point．

the victims are always the poor（the +形容词）． to respect others is to be respected（不定式）． seeing is believing（动名词）．

his purpose is that all children should be educated（that引起的从句）．

the problem is who is to blame（疑问词引起的从句）． my problem is how to learn（疑问词引起的不定式）． 形容词及形容词等同体作补语： he seems happy（形容词）． you look young． he makes me angry． he is out（地点副词）． the show is over． time is up．

he is at home（介词短语）． we are on good terms．

he leaves his desk out of order． it seems interesting（现在分词）． the situation grows encouraging． i saw mary smoking．

i am astonished（过去分词）． he looked frightened． i had my clothes washed． he is to blame（不定式）． it is to be thrown away．

he wants his daughter to marry a rich man．

5．再复杂的句子也可简化

1330 因此我们可以把许多词看成一个词，把许多不同形式看作同类东西，从而使句子的结构变得简单化。例如我们可以把i know that he does not like to live in this country．中的10个斜体词和i know john．中的一个斜体词看作是有同一语法作用的东西，因为两者都是及物动词的宾语。我们也可把he begged to see a friend in prison．中的 6个斜体词和he begged pardon．中的一个斜体词看作是作用相等，因为两者都是宾语。

同样，我们也可把he is to come to the office at eight．中的7个斜体词和he is punctual．中的一个斜体词看作相等的东西，因为两者都是补语。另外下面4个句子中的斜体词，形式不一，我们却可看作一类东西，都是及物动词或是起及物动词作用的词组：

he likes chocolate．（他喜欢巧克力。）he is fond of teaching．（他爱教书。）

john pays attention to his busine．（约翰关心他的买卖。）

i am sure that he will be a good husband．（我肯定他会是一个好丈夫。）此外，在上面单元中，我们已谈到名词、名词成语、不定式、从句等等，尽管形式不同，字数不等，却都起同样作用，担任句子的主语。这样，不管多复杂的句子都可简化，而简化是语法的目的。

2．一个特定动词只能用在几个特定的谓语类型中 1332 为了更好了解这些谓语类型，先看看下面句子： a．i know him to work hard． b．we want him to come． c．she let us to use her car． d．they suppose all of us to obey． e．john saw mary to walk with a boy．

所有这些句子的谓语都属于第42种类型，即“宾补动词+名词+不定式”，但只有b．句的谓语是正确的，因为只有want这一动词可用于这个类型，其他动词都不能这样用。再看下面句子：

a．i tried advising her． b．i asked seeing the bo． c．he thinks going with you． d．we wish moving to another place． e．they refused helping us．

上面所有谓语都属于第13种类型，即“及物动词+动名词”，但只有a．句是正确的，因为动词tried可用于这种类型，而其他动词不可这样用。从上面10个例句我们可以看出，一个特定动词只能用在某一特定的类型中，在一特定类型中，一个特定的动词能用还是不能用，完全是一个习惯用法的问题。

1333 从下面句子中可以看出know可用在多少类型的谓语中： i know john．（及物动词+名词）（正确）

i know john to come tomorrow．（宾补动词+名词+不定式）（错误）i know that john comes tomorrow．（及物动词+that引起的从句）（正确）

i know to answer this question．（及物动词+不定式）（错误）i know the work easy．（宾补动词+名词+形容词）（错误）

i know how to answer this question．（及物动词+疑问词引起的不定式）（正确）

i know the work to be easy．（宾补动词+名词+to be+形容词）（正确）i know john coming（宾补动词+名词+现在分词）．（错误）

i know organizing a political party（及物动词+动名词）．（错误）从上面例句我们可以看出某些动词只能用在47种类型的某些类型中，不能在许多类型中使用。

3．一个特定的谓语类型中只能用某些特定的动词

1334 有些类型中可以使用很多动词，另一些却只能使用少量动词。例如在“系动词+that引起的从句”这种类型中只能用be这一个动词。在“不及物动词+介词+疑问词引起的从句”这种类型中约可用20个动词，在“及物动词+不定式或动名词”这类类型中，约可用50个动词，而在“及物动词+that引起的从句”这种类型中，约可用150个动词。每种类型中能用的动词，在本单元中将几乎全部列出并加上例句，以便读者了解并掌握什么动词在何种类型中使用。不过某些谓语类型中可用的动词极多（可说是成百上千）。在这种情况下只能给出一小部分动词。

c．谓语类型与句型

1335 关于上面提到的类型有几点值得注意：

1．动词只须与主语在人称和数上一致，因此它们之间的关系相对比较简单。而动词和宾语及补语的关系比较复杂，这在下面47种谓语类型中可清楚看出。如果对主语不加考虑，这47种谓语类型也就是47种句型。事实上在下面讨论中，谓语类型的公式都采用“s＋tv＋n”，“s+dv＋n＋n”，“s＋fv＋n＋a”这类形式，里面包含了主语（s），因此也就代表了句型。

2．一个句型可以包含一个简单句： john knows how to play football． he avoided meeting her at some party． 3．它也可以包含一个带有宾语从句的复合句： he knows what you are doing． i asked where he got it． 4．但并列句中至少需有两个句型：

i have decided to go（一个句型）and he will go too（一个句型），but she decides to remain at home（一个句型）．（共包含三个句型）

d．修饰语与独立成分

1336 句型指一个完整句子的骨架，它可包含任何数量的修饰语（即形容词、副词及起同样作用的其他词语）。这些修饰语可能在意思上很重要，但在语法上却是可以删除的，在我们考虑句型，也就是句子的基本结构时，可以对它们不加考虑。所有下面句子都属于同一句型，即“主语+及物动词+名词”，但却可包含不同类型的修饰语（斜体部分）。最后包含25个词的句子和第一个包含4个词的句子同属一个句型：

i saw a house． i saw a big house．

i saw a big house on the opposite side．

i saw a big house on the opposite side，which was said to be haunted by a ghost．

yesterday i saw a big house…．

yesterday when i sailed down the river i saw a big house…． 修饰语在后面将作详细讨论。句型还可以包含一个独立成分，但基本结构不变。

所有下面句子都属于同一句型，即“主语+系动词+补语”： that man is crazy． oh！that man is crazy．

oh！that man is crazy，i am sure．

oh！that man is crazy，you may be sure，mary．

e．句型的用法

1337 在下面讨论中，所列出能用于某句型的动词的数目只是大致估计。列出的目的只是说明某一句型使用范围大致有多广。一般说来，数目越小，越难使用，因为如果这个句型只限于用少数动词，则用错的机会更多。

1338 偶尔也会有些例外的句子无法归入这47种句型的任何一个。但如果把某些不规则的动词短语适当转换为规则的动词短语，则它们大部分仍可归入某些句型：

i have a good mind（=intend）to punish you．（have a good mind可能换为intend，则句型将是“主语+及物动词+不定式”。）

he will have it（=insists）that i have cheated him．（主语+及物动词+that引起的从句）

“who has taken my pen？”“john（has taken your pen）．”（i）beg（your）pardon．

（it was）no sooner said than（it was）done．（you）live and let（others）live．（i wish you）good luck！

1339 确定一个句子属于哪个句型是有好处的。下面的句子都是错的，因为它们不代表47种句型中的任何一个：

1．i hear about that john has arrived．（主语+不及物动词+介词+that引起的从句）

2．i paid attention what he was doing．（主语+及物动词+名词+疑问词引起的从句）

3．he is afraid of that he will be aainated．（主语+系动词+形容词+介词+that引起的从句）

4．he is afraid being aainated．（主语+系动词+形容词+动名词）5．i know that who has broken the window．（主语+及物动词+that+疑问词引起的从句）

6．we want peaceful．（主语+及物动词+形容词）这些句型应改正如下：

正确句型

正确句子

1．主语+及物动词+that引

i hear that john has ar-起的从句

rived．

2．主语+及物动词+名词+

i paid attention to what 介词+疑问词引起的从句

he was doing． 3．主语+系动词+形容词+

he is afraid that he will that引起的从句

be aainated．

4．主语+系动词+形容词+

he is afraid of being as-介词+动名词

sainated．

5．主语+及物动词+疑问词

i know who has broken 引起的从句

the window．

6．主语+及物动词+名词

we want peace．

其次，应确定使用的动词是否适合用于某个谓语类型。

f．47种句型的公式

1340 每种句型都可以用一个公式来代表，例如：“s＋iv”，“s＋tv＋n”，“s＋lv＋ap”，“s ＋fv＋n + pap”，“s＋dv＋n＋that－cl”．下面列出了代表某些词的缩写形式：

s= subject（主语）

pap ＝past participle（过

o= object（宾语）

去分词）c= complement（补语）

n= noun or pronoun（名

io= indirect object（间接

词或代词）

宾语）

r= reflexive pronoun（反

do= direct object（直接

身代词）

宾语）

a= adjective（形容词）

iv= intransitive verb（不

p= preposition（介词）及物动词）

ap＝adverb of place，or tv＝transitive verb（及

adverbial particle，as 物动词）

in，out，up，away dv= dative verb（双宾动

（地点副词或副词性小

词）

品词）

lv＝linking verb（系动

词）

w－cl = interrogative-fv= factitive verb（宾补

clause，（疑问词引起的动词）

从 句，由whether，i= infinitive（不定式）

what，which，who，g= gerund（动名词）

whom，whose，where，prp = present participle

when，why，how引

（现在分词）

起）

that-cl= noun-clause

inn．＝innumreable＝hun-（that引起的名词从

dreds or thousands（无

句）

数，成百上千）

“·”表示它前后的词构成成语，如iv．p，lv．a．p．，tv．n．p，lv．pap，它们包含2个或3个词。

1341 一个“+”号表示这个句型包含2个基本成分，即主语及不及物动词，如：

s+iv

s+iv．ap 2个“+”号表示这个句型包含有3个基本成分，即主语，及物动词及宾语，如：

s+tv+n

s+iv．p+ that－cl s+lv．a．p+g 或指另外3个成分，如主语、系动词及补语：

s+lv+a

s+lv+ that-cl s+lv+p．n 3个“+”号表示这个句型包含4个成分：主语、双宾动词、间接宾语及直接宾语，如：

s+dv+n+n

s+dv+n+w-cl s+dv+n+ that-cl 也可以是另外4个成分，如主语、宾补动词、宾语及（宾语）补语：

s+fv+n+a

s+fv +n +pap s+iv．p+n+i 这里我们可以了解一个十分重要的事实，即英语句子是很简单的，它少则包含两个成分，多则包含四个成分。

了解了公式及图解的意义，现在就可开始藉助它们研究47种谓语类型或句型。注意：句子末尾的星号表示这个句子将在每一类句型讲完之后进行图解。

1．s+iv（john laughed．）

1342 不及物动词不跟有宾语或补语，其数量不可胜数： they smiled．john died．mary walked slowly．fire burns．

i dreamed last night．he wept bitterly．you must dre for dinner．that depends．it does not pay．

1343 通常跟有宾语的及物动词，如果宾语可以猜出，着重点不是宾语，而是动词（动作）时，可以把宾语省略，用作不及物动词：

a tractor can cut，push，pull，dig，lift，pump，carry and spray．the blind do not see．we must eat．i will change（my dre）．the knife cuts well．i will consider．if time permits．he can read．dont trouble（yourself）．the stain shows（itself）．they married（each other）． 1344 有些动词用在表示数量的名词前，看起来像及物动词，实际上却是不及物动词：

the thermometer rose（or fell）two degrees．

he waited ten minutes．the wedding lasted three days． i walked five miles． 1345 图解：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

2．s+iv．ap（john moved in．）

1346 无数的不及物动词可以跟有特定的地点副词，与之构成成语。但在多数情况下，这些副词并不表示地点，而有其他意思，因此可以称作副词性小品词（adverbial particle）．

a．dont answer back（=answer rudely）when a superior speaks to you．he backs away（=draws back）from her because he has made her angry．dont worry，i will never back out（=fail to fulfil a promise）．in order to survive，we must band together（=unite）．he barged in（＝inter－ rupted rudely）while we were talking．the storm will soon blow over（=pa away without injurious effect）．the dynamite placed beneath the bridge blew up（=exploded）．he blows up（=loses his temper）at every small incident．quick！the soup is boiling over（=over－flowing the side of a pan）．brace up（=take courage）if you really want to get married．many prisoners broke away（=suddenly escaped）．our car suddenly broke down（=failed to function）on our way home．a fire broke out（＝started suddenly and violently）on sixth street．tears burst forth（=suddenly appeared）． b．she colours up（=blushes）if we mention her love．an accident like this comes about（=happens）every day．my wife and i come together（＝are reconciled）after ten years of quarrel．the seeds have come up（=shot up above the ground）．when we were talking，a young man came up（=approached）．three days after the quarrel，i cooled down（=became calm）．she was shocked at the bill，but she had to cough up（=pay，perhaps unwillingly）．hardly a week had he learned computer science when he cracked up（= suffered a mental breakdown）．an error may creep in（=steal in unnoticed）．this old empire crumbled away（=disintegrated gradually）because of misrule．i should not take much sugar，but i cannot cut down（=leen）．

c．all members of my family dine out（=eat away from home）every sunday．they drink liquor every day and can－ not do without（=dispense with it）．we dreed up（= put on formal clothes）for a banquet．i will drop by（=call casually）when i am free．the production of rice dropped off（=decreased）last year．he dropped out（=left school before finishing his courses）at fifteen．the well has dried up（＝become dry）．the road is rough，we should ease down（=leen speed）．let us ease down（＝work le，make le effort）．his reputation faded out（=gradually disappeared）after his death．the country fell apart（= fell to pieces）because of civil war．i never fall back（=re－treat）before difficulties．our country falls behind（= drops behind）in science and technology．let us fall to（= begin to eat or to work．）

d．we were unable to get by（=pa）because the road was blocked．she got down（=dismounted）from her horse．the train got in．we got off（＝started a journey）．how are you getting on？i get up at six in the morning．at last i have to give in（=yield）．rice is going down（= becoming cheaper）．a rumour went forth（＝became public）．the gun went off（=exploded）suddenly．our work went on（=continued）．the candle has gone out（= ceased to burn）．i wont hold back（=keep behind）if every one goes forward．since i have started，i cant leave off（=stop）．look in（=pay a short visit）as you pa．while all are busy，dont look on（=be a mere spectator）．look out（=take precaution），here comes a truck！i moved in（=moved into a house）after he moved out．all trouble will pa away（=cease to exist）．she paed away（=died）a month ago． e．the clock ran down（=stopped running，because the battery had exhausted itself）．she ran on（=talked inceantly）．supplies have run out（=become exhausted）．bad weather set in（=began）．we set out（=set off）on february 16．he settled down（=established himself）at a small village． i dont want to listen any more，so shut up！he stood aside（or apart，aloof）while we were quarrelling．some stood back（＝retreated），some stood out（＝refused to yield）．the proposal will stand over（=be postponed）till next friday．at the bad news i stepped back from surprise．the tyrant should step down（=re-sign）．many volunteers stepped forward（=offered help）．my brothers quarrelled，but my father never stepped in（=interfered）．he stowed away（=hid in a ship or plane to get a free ride）．the band struck up（＝began to play）．he summed up（=summarized）after a debate．the son tagged behind（or along）（＝followed closely）wherever his mom went．before i think ahead（=anticipate），i think back（=recall）．our busine is just ticking over（= getting on in a routine way）．we touched down（=landed after a flight）at 6 p．m．many workers walked out（=re-fused to work）．

1347 图解：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

3．s+ ivp（this cloth wore well．）

1348 约有九十个不及物动词用于主动形式却有被动意义，它们通常和表示无生命东西的主语连用：

a．this play acts excellently．the figures will not add up．the bread bakes well．the door blew open．the candle blew out．this bottle does not break．the dust wont brush off the hat．the luggage carries easily．davids

raincoat caught on the nail．some of the documents dont seem to check with the facts．this cannot compare（favourably）with that．some of the sentences wont construe．potatoes will cook slowly．every minute counts．these people mostly count for nothing．the potatoes cropped well last year，but i think will crop badly this year．this light wood cuts like butter．the pineapple doesnt cut easily．this piece of cloth will cut up into two suits．instinct derives from ancestors．milk digests easily．thie wine drinks well．the tooth draws easily．the frog eats like chicken．

b．this dre fastens down the back．the toilet does not flush．the eggs hatch out easily．this rice wont grind fine．water heats readily．this cloth irons easily．this house lets well．the door will not lock．these books pack easily．my watch pawns for two dollars．these potatoes peel easily．she photographs（takes）well．the land ploughs hard．the film does not print well．this story reads ill（or well）．the photo reproduces well．

c．his house rents at＄800 a month．this poem does not rhyme．a shame does．not rub off．this plastic scratches easily．the play screen badly（=is unfit for filming）．the book sells well．this door wont shut．this cigarette smokes better than others．this wood split straight．this material stains easily．the ship steers with ease．the match will not strike．this paper will not tear．his de－ scent traced back to a king．this poem translates easily．the tv set wont turn on．this board will never warp．this material washes easily．such shoes wear badly．the plan worked out well．the photo washes out a little．

d．drums are beating（=are being beaten）．the book is binding（=is being bound）．some trouble is brewing．young people are always brimming with new ideas．the house is building．the bridge is completing now．the meal is digesting well．what is doing now？the task is finishing．guns are firing．friendship is forming．the theatre is rapidly filling up with people．the fish is frying．the house is leasing．the cows are milking．one boy is miing（or wanting）．he paid what was owing．music was playing．something is preparing．my application is proceing．the problem is settling this way．a new film is showing．the boy is shaping well．the seeds of trouble are sowing．the fruits are spoiling quickly．measures are taking．

1349 图解：

{ewc mvimage,mvimage,!}

4．s+tv+n或 s+tv．n（john learned japanese．）1350 无数的及物动词可以用名词或代词作宾语：

john has a plan．do you like him？what an interesting book i am reading！he speaks english．i love cats．

1351 不及物动词有时和后面跟的名词构成成语。整个成语，如果被化作一个整体，可以看成是一个不及物动词：

he lost hope（=despaired）．he gave ground（=retreated）the accident took place（=happened）this morning．

he made the grade（=succeeded）．we made our way（= advanced）to the jungle．

在某些成语中，名词前没有冠词，也没有物主代词：

a．he will bear witne．her beauty beggars description（= makes words poor）．dont borrow trouble（=worry about trouble that wont come）．we broke ground（=ploughed，untilled ground，began an undertaking）．our boat cast anchor．i often caught cold．he caught fever（or infection）．her house caught fire．he changed colour（=be－ came pale）．his personality commands esteem（or respect）．he never did evil（or ill，wrong）．none of us care whether they do right or wrong，good or harm．we did（=produced）romeo and juliet．jan did（=acted）juliet．i did（=prepared）omelette（or breakfast）．tom did（=wrote）poetry．his brother did（=translated）french into english．i did（=studied）electricity．they cry wolf（=give a false warning）just for arms aid．

b．one must exercise patience and caution when one exercises authority and discipline．he felt regret，but not satisfaction．he found time（or leisure）to study．he has finished college．after he took the lead，we followed suit．they gained time by giving me ambiguous answers．my watch gained time．we have gained ground（=got an advantage）．we will soon gain power，if we are patient enough．he gave evidence in the law－court．he gave ear（or heed，credit）to the rumour．he gave judgement（or advice，notice，warning，trouble）．ive had it（= cant suffer any more）．you hit it（=said the right thing）．this theory doesnt hold water（=isnt

valid）．the criminal jumped（or skipped）bail（=gave up the bail money and ran away to avoid trial）．

c．my mother kept house and kept books．being hospitable he kept open house（= provided hospitability for any comer）．he cannot keep body and soul together（=keep away hunger）．he kept bad company（=aociated with bad people）．my watch does not keep（good）time，so i am late．he killed time by reading novels or doing another thing interesting．

d．he left school last year．we may lose ground but will never lose hope．i never lost courage（or heart）after i fail．be quick，dont lose time．he lost self-contrcl（or himself）in moments of stre． e．mother makes dinner．it seemed late，but he made good time（= travelled fast and arrived on time）．he doesnt work hard，but he makes good salary．make haste（or speed）．he can make money（or profit），but spend much．after so many years of war we must make peace．i made tea（or hay）．we made way（＝stood aside）for others to pa through．we made way（or headway）（= advanced）in the face of difficulty．he marked time（= spent idle hours）while waiting for his wife．

f．the soldiers mounted（or kept，relieved，stood）guard．he moved heaven and earth（=did everything）to attack his opponent．they opened fire（=started shooting）and killed three of us．the children often play havoc（=do great damage）．he plays politics（＝attains political aims by hook or by crook）．he had broken the window，so he played poum（kept quiet to avoid attention）he played second fiddle（=held a subordinate place）．he failed be－ cause he had often played truant． g．we raised money for a great project．i can read character from handwriting．he can read music．i must say goodbye now．we said grace（＝said a prayer of thanks before or after a meal）．we set（or made，struck）sail（=began a voyage）in february，1969．he refused to yield，he showed fight．he showed courage（or fear）．he sowed discord among his enemies．he struck oil（=had good luck in some enterprise）．he suffered（or sustained）defeat．

h．dont take alarm if i tell you some bad news．he has to take breath after climbing upstairs．he took cold and could not work．he takes drink and drugs．take heart，dont be afraid．the law will soon take effect（＝be effective）．take exercise every morning and keep healthy．he took flight after murdering a woman．he took medicine（or poison）．dont take offence（=be offended）．something strange took place（=happened）in this old house．lets take rest．we take stock every week．the evil has taken

root（=become established）．my dream will take shape（=materialize）next year．he took trouble to help me．

i．dont tempt providence（=take an unneceary risk）．he has touched bottom（=is begining to prosper after his worst days）．the boat turned turtle（=turned upside down）．

在某些成语中名词前有不定冠词，或作复数：

j．he often acted a double part（=was deceitful）．since i criticized him，he has borne a grudge（=nursed a grievance）．the enemy beat a retreat（=retreated in a hurry）．thomas edison blazed a torch（=started some－ thing new）in various fields．dont breathe a word（=say a word）about this secret．when angry，he calls names（= call somebody by abusive names）．i would like to cro swords（=argue）with this boaster．you have done a good job（=done something well）．i drew a blank（=failed to get any information）when i returned to the office．we must draw a line（=distinguish）between right and wrong．we down tools（=stop work）at six．

k．my sister fixed a date for the celebration．this evening i have a date（or an engagement）（=have a social meeting）with her．i have a job（or a time）（=have trouble）writing this first love letter．（但：i have myself a time ［＝ have a good time］writing it．）as they didnt lift a finger（or a hand）（=didnt give help），i lent（or gave）a hand（=gave help）to the old lady．

1．i made an appointment（=had an engagement to meet some one）for 3 p．m．he made a boast，but who believed him？he made a call over the phone．he made a face（= twisted his face），and then we were no more angry．dont make a fu（=get excited about a trifle）．john made a hit（=gave a good impreion）at the exhibition of his works．shall we make a move（=start）right now？dick made a public appearance after nine years in prison．thomas makes a quick buck（＝earns money quickly）．we make a row（or a scene）（=started a violent quarrel）from time to time．as soon as we arrived we made reservations for hotel rooms．i must make tracks（=set off）before it is late．william made waves（=created a sensation to impre others）at the party．

m．a big bo behind pulls strings（=secretly exerts influence）．dont run a risk（=put yourself in danger）．the patient ran a temperature（=had a fever）．the criminal has served a sentence（or time）（=paed term of imprisonment）．i smell a danger in this desolate area．we struck a happy medium（=found an answer between two extremes）．as you committed

mistakes for the first time，we might stretch（or strain）a point（=allow an exception to the rules）．

n．i would willingly take a back seat（=occupy an unimportant position）．we take a coffee break（=drink coffee and rest a short while）after two hours of work．he took（or drew）a long breath before he spoke．the situation took a turn（=changed）for the better．he wouldnt turn an honest penny（=make money by honest means）．

在另一些成语中名词前有定冠词或有物主代词：

o．act your age（=dont be childish）．my warning merely beat the air（= made usele efforts）．i must bide my time（=wait for a good chance）．someone blacked his eye（= gave him a blow）．he blew his own trumpet（=praised himself）．he has blown his mind（=becomes wildly enthusiastic because of drugs）．he boed the show（＝con-trolled everything）．she boxed his ear（＝smacked him on the ear）．i have to break（or cancel，change，postpone）the appointment．after half an hour of silence，i broke the ice（＝overcome reserve）．the news broke her heart．he broke his word（=failed to keep his promise）．i broke the news（=announced the news）to her．they broke the peace（= quarrelled）．he burned his fingers（=suffered a lo through a rash action）．we buried the hatchet（= made peace）．i am not buying it（=am not to be deceived）． p．he calls the roll（=calls the names to check who are absent）．dick carried the ball（or the can）（=did the hardest part of the work）．i carried（or gained）my point（= succeeded）．we carried（or gained）the day（=won）．i caught my breath（=rest after hard breathing）after running．he tried to catch the train but mied it．this advertisement catches my eye．he changed his coat（=became a turncoat）．dont change your mind．he changed his tune（＝changed his policy）．he cleared his reputation（=free his name from reproach）．he cracked the whip（=suddenly became boy）to impre me．we croed the rubicon（=took a decisive step forward）．when nobody could settle the problem，he cut the gordian knot（=settle it in an unusual rapid way）．

q．i did the sights（or the travel）（=went sightseeing or took a trip）．the little girl can do（=make clean and tidy）her hair，her teeth，her nails，even the laundry，the bed-room，the dishes．she does（=learns）her leons well，and can do（=solve）any sum（or problem）．she does her bit（＝does her share of duty）splendidly．he dogged my footsteps（=constantly followed me）because he suspected i was a spy working for foreigners．he drags his feet（or heels）（=hesitates）when asked to work．we drew the swords（=were ready to fight）．he has to eat his words（=take back his words）．although small，this table fills the bill（=is just

right）．i have to face the music（＝face trouble）．he is feeling his way（=proceeding carefully but slowly）．although they were cripples，they fought the way up the hill．we all follow the crowd．dont worry，ill foot the bill（=pay all the expenses）．this number of persons will not form the majority．

r．he got the sack（=was dismied）．he got the upper hand（=gained control）．he has the courage of his convictions（=acts bravely according to his belief）．this car has had its day（=fallen into disuse）．this small affair hits the headlines（=becomes important news）in this small town．the music hits the public taste．he hits his stride（＝exhibits his best ability）when he tells a story．we will hold the fort（=defend the position）to the last．hold your temper（=dont get angry）．i have to hold my tongue（or my peace）（＝keep silent）．i must hold my own（=keep what i have）．we must hold（or keep，maintain）our ground（=keep what we have）．he has always husbanded his resources（=been frugal against an emergency）．

s．i jogged his memory（=reminded him）．he jumped the gun（=started to run before the starters gun），and jumped the traces（=didnt obey the rules）．the train jumped the rails（or the track）（=suddenly，left the rails）and many were killed．dick slipped but kept his feet（= kept standing）．he knows his way about（or around）（= understands the ways of the world）．he knows the ropes（or the score）（=knows the special rules）in the export busine．he will lead the way（=be a guide）to the old castle．i left the beaten track（＝did not follow the crowd）．he lost his reason（=became mad）．

t．he made the grade（＝succeeded）in busine．the doctor makes（or goes）the rounds（=goes from place to place to inspect）every morning．we made our way（＝advanced）through the forest．he mended his fences（＝made peace with people who dislike him）．you mied the boat（＝ mied the opportunity）．the company opened its doors（＝started doing busine）in 1950 and closed its doors（= stopped doing busine）in 1983．this exhibition opened our eyes（=made us see the truth）．i picked my way（= proceeded）up a steep hill．i must play the game（=do what is right）．you played your cards well（=acted cleverly）．dick played the market（=bought and sold stocks）and lost lots of money．jim pocketed his dignity（=laid a-side his pride）and even pocketed an insult（＝accepted it）．he has poisoned your ear（or mind）so that you cant be fair．

u．every member should pull his weight（＝does his part）．dont pull my leg（=fool me）．once you succeed，never push your luck（=expect to continue to be lucky）．he has to run the gauntlet（=receive a series of

ill treatment）．he ruled the roost（=lorded it over）．we must save the situation（=do something to improve the situation）．anew method will see the light（=be disclosed）．this serves my turn（or purpose）．i have served my apprenticeship for seven years．she set the table for ten persons．he shows his face after ten years of absence．i will show the way．everyone sings his praises（=praises him strongly）．he sowed his wild oats（=led a diipated life when young）．i will speak my mind（=speak candidly）．he stole the show（=acted so well that the audience ignored the other performers）．he stole the spotlight（=made people watch him instead of what they should watch）．you stole my thunder（=said before me what i intended to say）．jim has strained every nerve（=used every effort）．he swallowed the bait（=was offered a big promise and was caught）． v．mary took it（=endured it without complaints）though she was ill－treated．you can take your ease（or your own course）（=act your pleasure）．the doctor took my pulse and temperature（＝ascertain them）．where does this custom take its rise（=originate）？take your time（=dont rush）．we must not tie our own hands（=restrain our－ selves from action）．we have to tighten our belts（=eat le and spend le than usual）．just one vote tipped the balance（or the scale）（=turned the scale，decided some－ thing doubtful）．i would try my hand（=try）．should i turn the other cheek（=be patient and not hit back）when i am injured or insulted？his succe has turned his head（=made him act foolishly）．the dead body turned her stomach（=made her sick）．the reinforcements turned the tide（=change the situation favourably）．he turned his thought to something much more important．he just twiddled his thumbs（=didnt do anything）．

w．she walked the floor（=walked back and forth）all night，she was so worried．he walked the plank（=was forced to resign）．watch it（=be careful）．

人们似乎都不喜欢单独用一个不及物动词作谓语，特别是在简单句中。往往不说“ i cook．”“ he laughed．”“we chatted．”“tom repairs．”“ we acted．”而说“i do the cooking．”“he gave a laugh．”“we had a chat．”“tom makes repairs．” “we take action．”也就是把一个词换成了两个词，用一个do 或give这样色彩不重的动词加上一个大多由动词变来的名词。

下面是一些这类短语的例子：

x．i do the cleaning，the reading，the shopping，the translating，a little sewing；a nap，a try，a brisk walk．

he gave a cry，a groan，a jump，a shout，a shrug，a long sigh，a satisfied smile．

we had a bath，a dream，a fight，an interview，a quar-rel，a shave，a shower，a smoke，a swim，a talk，a taste，a try，a walk，a wash，a chat，a go，a rest，a sleep．

she took a bath，breath，a nap，a look，notice

语法说课稿篇七

高中英语语法说课稿

教学目标: 1.了解感知动词过去分词做宾语补足语。2.记忆能在其后加宾补的常用动词。3.学会使用过去分词做宾补。

学习重点：过去分词做宾补的使用。考纲规定：

过去分词做宾补是高考必考的内容之一。出现的形式主要以单项选择题为主，在阅读，完型等题目当中也有所体现。学习内容能够接过去分词作宾补的三类动词： 1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。

2.表示“致使，使役意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。3.表示“希望”、“要意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish, expect等后用 “vt +(to be)+pp”。

4，做各种形式的习题让学生了解并使用这一语法现象。语法分析

：这一语法现象并不是很难，但是很常用，无论在日常的阅读过程中，还是在将来高考的时候都可以见到，所以不可不学，但也不必死学，毕竟重点和难点是练习使用这种语法。所以出题时，既要有代表性，又要前连后衔，触类旁通，举一反三。

学情分析：高二的学生已经具备一定自主学习能力，所以在教学设计时，要考虑充分发挥他，们的主观能动性，让他们做学习的主人，老师只是给予适当的点拨和纠正，就可以顺利完成学习任务。学习方法：自主学习，合作探究。辅助教具：多媒体教学设计理念：呈现，练习，成果。（3p）教学过程：

1.导入。呈现课文中出现的过去分词作宾补的句子，让学生找出这几个句子的共同点，并归纳语法现象。2.过去分词作宾补表示的意义。组织学生们自己读，自己记，同桌间互相检查，老师抽查。3.习题练习：

1）用所给单词的正确形式填空。学生两人一组合作完成，各小组派一人起来 说出答案。2）单项选择题，共

10个题。学生四人一组，合作讨论，探究结果，展示汇报，学生评判，陈述理由3）高考链接。选择2-4个比较简单的高考真题让学生试做，初步感受高考出题思路 4）处理学案上的习题，加深过去分词做宾语补足语的理解和应用。4.作业。笔头总结过去分词做宾语补足语的意义，并做相关练习。