当前位置:网站首页 >> 文档 >> 最新《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图(28篇)
范文文档
最新《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图(28篇)
  • 时间:2024-12-31 08:38:42
  • 小编:电气自动化张老师
  • 文件格式 DOC
下载文章
一键复制
猜你喜欢 网友关注 本周热点 精品推荐
作品赏析是提高文学鉴赏能力的重要方法,它可以让人更好地理解和欣赏文学作品。在写总结之前,我们需要对所总结的内容进行充分的调研和分析,确保准确表达。小编为大家精心
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?接下来小编
总结是反思的结晶,它让我们在前进的路上更加明确自己的目标和需求。总结是对过去的回顾,未来的展望,该如何平衡?以下是一些时间管理的实用方法,希望能帮助大家合理安排
平等和公正是构建和谐社会的基石。写总结时,我们应该尽量避免罗列无关重要的细节,而是突出核心问题和要点。下面是一些关于如何培养学习兴趣和习惯的范文,供大家参考学习
“报告”使用范围很广,按照上级部署或工作计划,每完成一项任务,一般都要向上级写报告,反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等,以
这个分类会帮助我们更全面地了解学习和工作生活等的相关话题。写一篇完美的总结首先要对过去一段时间的表现进行客观而全面的回顾。希望大家可以从这些范文中学到一些写好总
自律是指个人能够自我约束和管理自己的行为,它是成就成功的重要品质之一。在写总结时,可以采用论证、对比、举例等方法,增加总结的说服力和可读性。希望通过范文的阅读,
作为一名老师,常常要根据教学需要编写教案,教案是教学活动的依据,有着重要的地位。优秀的教案都具备一些什么特点呢?下面是我给大家整理的教案范文,欢迎大家阅读分享借
“方”即方子、方法。“方案”,即在案前得出的方法,将方法呈于案前,即为“方案”。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的方案吗?下面是小编帮大家整理的方案范文,仅供
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?以下是小
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文,仅供参考,一起来看看吧其它梅花的诗句篇一2、笑时
总结是一种反思的过程,通过整理思绪来提升自我。如何正确看待失败和挫折是成长中的必修课,我们应该学会从中吸取经验和教训。下面是一些总结的范例,希望能够给大家提供一
范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?以下是小编为大家收集的优
政治是国家权力的组织和调控手段。在写总结之前,可以先列出要点,然后再进行整理和归纳。这些总结范文都是经过精心挑选的,希望能够给大家带来一些写作上的思路和指导。假
文学是人类情感和思想的载体,我们可以借助文学作品来理解人生。在写总结时要注意避免太过于个人化的情绪和言辞,保持中立和客观。面对总结的任务时,参考范文是一个不错的
总结是对一段时间内的经验和教训进行归纳,以便更好地指导未来的行动。写总结时,可以通过提供具体的例子和事例来支持自己的观点。通过阅读范文,我们可以对总结写作有更全
最后,通过报告的撰写和演讲,我们可以提升自己的自信心和表达能力。在写报告时,需要注意语言简练明了,同时正确使用专业术语。掌握了报告的撰写技巧后,我们可以更好地应
总结可以使我们更清晰地认识到自己的优点和不足。总结的语言要简明扼要,通俗易懂,避免使用过于专业化的词汇。以下是一些总结的写作要点和技巧,希望能给大家一些灵感。司
总结是在一段时间内对学习和工作生活等表现加以总结和概括的一种书面材料,它可以促使我们思考,我想我们需要写一份总结了吧。写总结时要有自己的观点和思考,不仅仅是简单
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?以
报告可以通过文字、图表、表格等方式展示数据和信息。要写一篇较为完美的报告,首先应该明确写作的目的和受众群体。接下来是一些优秀报告的案例,希望对大家的报告写作提供
探究是人类进步的动力之一,我们应当时常反思和总结自己的经验和教训。借鉴他人的经验和教训,可以帮助我们更好地总结和规划自己的行动。如果你对总结写作感到困惑,可以看
写作是一种表达思想和情感的艺术,它可以帮助我们更好地理清思路和提升自己的表达能力。写总结时要注意围绕主题进行论述,避免画蛇添足,将重点放在核心内容上。我们可以从
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?以下
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?下面是小编帮大
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?以下
总结是沉淀思考的结果,能够提高我们解决问题的能力。编写一篇完美的总结需要先回顾过去的经历和成果。小编为大家精选了一些总结范文,供大家一起来学习和探讨,希望对大家
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看
通过总结,我们可以发现自身的优势和不足,及时调整方向。撰写一份较完美的总结需要有系统性和条理性。希望大家能够对这些范文进行深入的研究和思考,借鉴其中的优点,提升
棒球运动在美国享有广泛的人气和影响力。怎样才能将一段复杂的内容简洁明了地总结出来?总结是在一段时间内对学习和工作生活等表现加以总结和概括的一种书面材料,它可以促
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?下面是小编为大家收
艺术是一种表达情感和思想的形式,它能够触动人心,让人产生共鸣。如何管理好时间,合理安排生活和工作?请参考下文给出的总结示例,理解如何全面评价自己的工作。高温慰问
一个良好的计划可以提前预见问题和挑战,并做出相应的准备和应对。需要在计划中设定具体的时间节点和完成标准,以便进行跟踪和评估。小编为大家整理了一些旅行计划的范例,
范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?接下来小编就给大家
作为一位无私奉献的人民教师,总归要编写教案,借助教案可以有效提升自己的教学能力。既然教案这么重要,那到底该怎么写一篇优质的教案呢?下面是小编为大家带来的优秀教案
一个好的方案应该具有可行性和有效性,能够解决问题并实现目标。在制定方案时,我们首先需要明确目标和要求。明确的目标和要求可以帮助我们更好地制定方案并行动起来。其次
通过写心得体会,我们可以反思自己的成长过程,发现不足之处并做出改进。写心得体会时,可以借鉴他人的经验和观点,但要保持自己的独特性和原创性。“下面是一些优秀的心得
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?下面是小编为大家收
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?下面是小编为大家
文学是一种表达情感与思想、展现人类生活与价值的艺术形式。2、完美的总结应该具备内容全面、关键明确的特点。以下是一些总结范文的提取,希望能为大家写作提供一些参考和
了解自己的学习风格和特点,有助于选用适合自己的学习方法。如何积极参与环境保护行动,为保护地球家园贡献自己的一份力量?接下来是一些值得借鉴的总结样例,希望对大家的
总结是对过去经验的回顾和总结,以便更好地迈向未来。在写总结时,要用简练的语言表达自己的思考和感悟。以下是小编为大家收集的总结范文,希望能给大家一些启发和参考。孩
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?
在商务谈判中,合同起到明确双方责任以及保护各方权益的作用。合同签订后,双方应当遵守合同的约定,并及时履行合同义务。合同范文是合同起草和签署过程中的有用参考资料。
总结可以帮助我们更好地规划未来的学习和工作计划。有效的时间管理可以提高工作和学习效率,我们应该如何合理安排时间?在此,我想分享一些关于这个话题的调查结果和数据。
时间就如同白驹过隙般的流逝,我们又将迎来新的喜悦、新的收获,让我们一起来学习写计划吧。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的计划吗?下面是小编为大家带来的计划书优
合同的有效执行和履行是商业活动中诚信经营的基础。如果需要,在合同签订之前可以咨询专业的法律意见,以确保合同的合法有效性。以下是一些常见合同的样本,供您参考和参考
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。文创产品策划
通过总结,我们可以发现自身的优缺点,以便更好地提升自己。写总结时,我们可以参考他人的成功经验,借鉴他们的做法和方法。以下是一些总结范文,它们或许能给你带来灵感,
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。慕
报告是一种向上级或团体汇报工作、研究或调查结果的书面材料。在写报告的过程中,需要注意语言的准确性和表达的精炼性。这是一份关于市场调研的报告,对于该行业的发展趋势
报告是指向上级机关汇报本单位、本部门、本地区工作情况、做法、经验以及问题的报告,优秀的报告都具备一些什么特点呢?又该怎么写呢?下面是小编给大家带来的报告的范文模
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文,仅供参考,一起来看看吧法律
读后感是对读者与作者之间的对话,也是对自己内心世界的沉淀和反思。写读后感时,可以结合实际的社会、历史背景来分析作品的时代性和现实意义。以下是一些读者撰写的精彩读
总结的目的不仅仅在于总结,更在于给自己一个新的开始。阅读前可以先预览全文,掌握大致内容和结构。让我们一起来看看下面这些总结范文,相信对大家会有很大的帮助。谈判邀
通过总结,我们可以梳理出自己在学习和工作中的亮点和问题。在总结中,我们可以根据具体情况分析问题的原因和解决方案。以下是一些往期总结的范文,供大家参考和借鉴。非主
总结不仅能够提升我们的学习和工作能力,还能够培养我们的反思和自我批评意识。在总结中要准确、具体地描述自己在一段时间内的成果和经验。接下来是一些总结的模板和范例,
总结是写给人看的,条理不清,人们就看不下去,即使看了也不知其所以然,这样就达不到总结的目的。总结书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇总结呢?以下我给大家整理了
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?以下是小
情感体验是人类情感系统的一种表现形式,是我们感受和体验世界的一种方式。写总结时要注意语言简洁明了,条理清晰。以下是一些经典的总结写作示范,可以帮助大家更好地领会
探究是人类进步的动力之一,我们应当时常反思和总结自己的经验和教训。怎样培养自己的沟通能力和人际关系?以下是小编为大家收集的总结范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
读后感是对读书过程中所得的思考和收获的总结,也是对自己阅读理解能力的一种检验。读后感写作要注重自己的独特视角和思考方式,以及对书中内容的真实理解和感受。以下是小
范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?下
无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都尝试过写作吧,借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?这里我整理了一些优秀的范
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?下面是小编为大家
通过总结,我们能够更好地发现自己的问题和不足。整理出清晰的主题,使总结具有逻辑性和连贯性。通过学习这些总结范文,我们可以丰富自己的写作技巧和表达能力。小数的意义
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?以下是我为
一个成功的方案,可以带来积极的效果和长远的影响。制定方案时需要做好预案和应急措施,保证方案的可控性和应变能力。通过分析和研究,总结出了以下一些关于方案制定和实施
制定方案是实现目标的第一步,关系着后续工作的顺利进行。一个完美的方案需要充分考虑各种因素和条件的变化,以应对未来可能出现的挑战和需求。下面是一些成功案例,希望能
健康是人们追求的一种宝贵财富,我们应该养成良好的生活习惯。写总结时,要注意用词得当,避免使用太过模糊的词语。希望以下小编为大家整理的总结样本能够给你带来一些写作
写读后感不仅可以帮助我们深入思考所读内容,还可以培养我们的批判性思维和分析能力。写读后感时,可以通过对作品的细节和情感描写进行深入剖析,使文章更具有思想性和感染
一个好的计划应该具备可行性和可执行性。设定具体的时间表可以帮助我们更好地控制进度。这里有一些关于计划制定的优秀范文,供大家借鉴和参考。八年级数学教学计划下学期篇
总结可以帮助我们反思过去,为未来的发展做好准备。在总结中,要注重事实和数据的支撑,尽量以客观的证据证明观点的正确性。大家可以参考下面的总结范文,了解一下如何写好
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?以下
持续不懈的努力会带来丰硕的成果。在写作总结时要注重条理性和逻辑性,使文章结构清晰明了。这些总结范文的思路清晰,表达准确,给我们提供了一种优秀的写作参考。世界地球
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?下面
学习中的快乐,产生于对学习内容的兴趣和深入。世上所有的人都是喜欢学习的,只是学习的方法和内容不同而已。心得体会对于我们是非常有帮助的,可是应该怎么写心得体会呢?
通过总结,我们能够更好地发现自己的问题和不足。总结应该围绕主题展开,同时突出重点和亮点,不应过多涉及细枝末节。小编为大家精选了一些优秀的总结范文,供大家借鉴和参
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?下面是小编帮大家整理
无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都尝试过写作吧,借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?这里我整理了一些优秀的范
思考过去,展望未来,总结是必要的!写总结时要围绕主题展开,突出重点,避免不必要的废话和冗长的叙述。下面是一些优秀的总结案例,希望对大家有所启发和帮助。高三毕业感
无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都尝试过写作吧,借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文,仅供
总结是一种成长和进步的方式,可以帮助我们发现自己的长处和潜力,为未来的发展提供指引。总结要结合实际情况,给出具体的例子和分析。以下是小编为大家汇总的读书总结,希
演讲稿的语言应该清晰、准确,避免使用过于专业或难以理解的术语。演讲稿的结构要合理,段落之间要有明确的衔接和过渡。演讲稿的精彩之处在于思想的深刻,语言的精准和表达
感悟可以使我们更加关注内心世界,深刻理解自己和周围的事物。在生活中,我们常常会因为一些事情或者一些人而产生许多感悟。而如何对这些感悟进行合理的表达和总结是一个非
人们常常会通过总结来反思并改善自己的工作和学习表现。写总结需要注重文字的美感和语言的准确性,力求语句通顺、层次分明。以下是小编为大家搜集的相关资料,供大家参考。
演讲稿是进行演讲的依据,是对演讲内容和形式的规范和提示,它体现着演讲的目的和手段。那么你知道演讲稿如何写吗?以下是我帮大家整理的最新演讲稿模板范文大全,希望能够
演讲稿可以帮助演讲者更好地组织思维,准备和进行演讲时更加自信和流利。找到合适的演讲方式和手段,例如使用幽默、讲故事等技巧来吸引听众的注意力;演讲稿是一种向观众传
范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?接
建议书是一种用于提出改进和建议的文档,它能够为相关部门提供可行的解决方案。写总结的时候,我们可以参考一些相关的范文和案例,从中获取灵感和写作技巧。以下是小编为大
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?下面是小编为大家收
如何做好亲子沟通,使父母和孩子之间的关系更加融洽?总结时可以从具体的例子入手,通过事实和数据论证自己的观点和结论。下面是一些总结范文的精华摘录,希望能给您的总结
文学作品是用语言艺术的方式表达思想感情的一种创作成果。在写总结之前,应该先进行充分的准备和资料收集。总结是对过去的一个回顾和总结,以下是一些经典的总结范文,供大
总结可以让我们更好地发现问题,并给予解决问题的思路和方法。通过总结,我们可以发现自己的不足和问题,并找到解决的方法和路径。以下是小编为大家整理的美食推荐,希望大
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?下面是小编帮大家
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?接下来小编就给大家介绍一
教案的编写可以帮助教师更好地把握教学进度和重点。那么我们该如何编写一份优秀的教案呢?首先,我们需要明确教学目标,明确学生应该掌握的内容和能力。然后,我们要选取合
学好语文,不仅要掌握基本知识,还要培养综合运用能力。完美的总结应该在表达上具有逻辑性和连贯性,让读者能够深入理解。分享一些总结范文,希望能激发大家的写作灵感。高
时间流逝得如此之快,前方等待着我们的是新的机遇和挑战,是时候开始写计划了。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的计划吗?以下是小编收集整理的工作计划书范文,仅供参

最新《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图(28篇)

格式:DOC 上传日期:2024-12-31 08:38:42
最新《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图(28篇)
    小编:电气自动化张老师

无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都尝试过写作吧,借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?下面是小编为大家收集的优秀范文,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇一

1能正确流利有感情地朗读课文。

2理解课文内容,了解小英的情感变化,体会内涵。

3通过学习,联系生活,懂得人与人之间需要尊重、鼓励,要主动关爱别人,特别是对身处困境的人;同时也要珍惜别人的关心和鼓励;正确地看待自己。

1朗读课文,学会生字、词。

2理解课文内容。

生字、词卡、投影仪。

第2课时。

一、揭题质疑,出示目标

上台讲故事前小英为什么眼圈红了?讲完故事后,小英为什么微笑了?掌声两次响起,同学们想对小英说什么?小英明白掌声的意思吗?

二、感悟掌声,体会心理

1学生自由朗读课文。一边读一边想:掌声两次响起,同学们想对小英说什么?小英明白掌声的意思吗?

2投影出示学习指导,并发给学生每人一张学习卡片:进入角色去思考体会两次掌声的意思和小英对掌声的理解。选择一个角色,把自己的想法填写在学习卡片上。

(1)我在大家的注视下,终于一摇一摆地走上了讲台。就在我刚刚站定的那一刻,不知是在谁的带动下,骤然间响起了一阵掌声。那掌声热烈、持久,我听到同学们想用掌声说:“……”我感动得流下了眼泪。掌声渐渐平息,我也镇定了情绪,开始讲述我童年的故事。我讲的故事十分动人,普通话也很好。当我结束演讲的时候,班里又响起了经久不息的掌声。我知道同学们想用掌声说:“……”我向大家深深地鞠了一躬,想对同学们说:“……”然后,在同学们的掌声里微笑着走下讲台。

(2)小英在大家的注视下,终于一摇一摆地走上了讲台。就在小英刚刚站定的那一刻,不知是在谁的带动下,骤然间响起了一阵掌声。我一边鼓掌,一边想用掌声对小英说:“……”我们的掌声热烈、持久,小英感动得流下了眼泪,她可能在想:“……”掌声渐渐平息,小英也镇定了情绪,开始讲述她童年的故事。故事十分动人,她的普通话也很好。当她结束演讲的时候,班里又响起了经久不息的掌声。这一次,我想用掌声对小英说:“……”小英向大家深深地鞠了一躬,她可能想对同学们说:“……”然后,小英在同学们的掌声里微笑着走下讲台。

3同桌互相交流。教师组织全班交流,引导学生说说为什么想到对小英说这些——通过联系上文,你发现小英走上讲台之前有什么表现?有什么变化?

4指导学生有感情地朗读课文中有关描写小英走上讲台之前的表现的句子。个别朗读。评议,再读。

三、展开想象,加深体会

1故事会结束了,掌声也成为了记忆,小英的故事并没有结束。短短几分钟的掌声,却改变了小英的生活态度。指名朗读第5自然段。

2出示例句:学生补充小英现在的变化。

小英的腿落下了残疾,所以她不愿意让人看到她走路的样子。以前,当同学们在一起兴高采烈地谈论着自己做过的一些有趣滑稽的事情时,小英总是默默地坐在教室里,耳朵却时时倾听着同学们愉快的交谈。现在……

学生根据第5自然段的意思,想象小英的一个变化,把句子补充完整。

小英的腿落下了残疾,所以她不愿意让人看到她走路的样子。以前,当同学们……时,小英总是……,现在……

3,小组里互相交流:我看到了小英的变化……

4组织全班交流。

四、指导朗读,体会掌声

1她在信中是这样说的——全班学生齐读……

“我永远也忘不了那一次掌声,它使我鼓起了生活的勇气。我永远感谢这掌声。”小英对这次掌声刻骨铭心。

2指导有感情地朗读,读出感激之情。师生互评。

五、联系生活,理解文尾

1小英的改变让作者发出了深深的感叹。齐读最后一个自然段。

2出示课件问题提示,启发学生联系生活实际说说——

你想得到这样的掌声吗?你想为别人献出这样的掌声吗?

(1)什么时候,你得到过谁的掌声?掌声代表什么?你有什么感觉?

(2)什么时候,你的掌声献给过谁?掌声代表什么?

小结:人人都需要掌声,特别是当一个人身处困境的时候。让我们珍惜别人的掌声,同时,也不要忘记把自己的掌声献给别人。让我们牢记这段话,让这段话伴随着我们的成长,我们的生活就会充满温暖,充满阳光,充满信心,充满希望。

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二

����

����1����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����2����������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½í¬ê±ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½äºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1�ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½

����2����������ý¡ï¿½

����

�������ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

������2��ê±ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ä¿ï¿½ï¿½

������ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ð¡ó¢îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?������âºï¿½ð¡ó¢îªê²ã´î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½?������������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ëµê²ã´?ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½?

�������������������������

����1ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ëµê²ã´?ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½?

����2í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ñ§ï°ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«è¥ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¡ï¿½

����(1)���ú´ï¿½òµï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½üºã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

����(2)ð¡ó¢ï¿½ú´ï¿½òµï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ß¹ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½üºã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

����3í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö¯è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµîªê²ã´ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ëµï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ì¨ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��ê²ã´ï¿½ä»¯?

����4ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ì¨ö®ç°ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½öµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1���â»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ì¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½è¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����2��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ºñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ß²ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ê±ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½5��è»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»¥ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4��ö¯è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��������������ëµï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ô¶ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����2ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ö®ï¿½é¡£ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����塢��ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²

����1ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä¸ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����2��ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����(1)ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��������ê²ã´?����ê²ã´ï¿½ð¾ï¿½?

����(2)ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­?��������ê²ã´?

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä³é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇三

第一课时

一、揭题质疑

1、小朋友,有人给过你掌声吗?因为什么为你鼓掌?得到别人掌声你心情怎么样?你为别人鼓掌吗?为什么为别人鼓掌呢?

2、今天我们来学习一篇课文,题目是:掌声。

愿意写的同学请伸出你的小手跟老师一起来写这两个字。

板书:

掌声

3、齐读课题:

读了课题,你们有什么问题要提吗?

二、初读课文

1、一读课文,读准字音:

⑴俗话说书读百遍,其义自见。请带着你们的这些问题再走进课文,说不定自己不懂的问题自己就能解决了呢。如还有不懂的,可以相互商量着解决,读书时要注意读准字音,请开始吧。

⑵生自由读文。

⑶课文我们又读了一遍,不知生字掌握得如何,老师把这些生字请上了小黑板,(出示词语,指名认读)看谁读得又快又准:

落下、残疾、犹豫、骤然间、镇定、情绪、身处困境、讲述、结束、珍惜、鞠躬、忧郁、舞蹈、慢吞吞、经久不息。

⑷反复认读,齐读。

2、二读课文,读通句子:

⑴词语我们都读准确了,请同学们再读课文,这次要注意读通句子,句子读通了,课文就读流利了。

⑵检查朗读:

①同桌互查,每人一小节轮读(快的两遍交换)。

要求:

a、听的习惯要好,及时纠正。

b、读要响亮,有感情更好。

②指名6人分自然段朗读,随机正音。

③师点评过渡:

读得正确流利不够,还要能读懂课文的意思。

⑶三读课文,读出不理解的词:

①默读,不理解的词划下来。

②全班交流:

a、骤然间:

说明快、突然响起的掌声。

b、经久不息:

找句说词意热烈持久、渐渐平息、掌声里走下;不息是指什么?

c、身处困境:

联系生活如缺钱、犯错误、生病、文中谁身处什么困境?

d、残疾:

文中指生病落下不方便走路的缺陷。

e、犹豫:

拿不定主意,她在想什么?

f、忧郁:

找个近义词来替代,反义词呢?体会孤寂引读1段。

三、感知大意,切入掌声

1、掌声对小英有什么作用?

⑴鼓励她站起来了(掌声表扬。)

⑵文中怎么说──鼓起了──生活的勇气。

⑶不再忧郁变得──活泼开朗。

⑷齐读第5段体会。

2、设疑:

掌声的作用真不小,竟然使一个忧郁自卑的姑娘变得活泼开朗,我们下堂课再去走进这充满掌声的演讲课。

四、指导写字

第二课时

一、前后对照,感受小英变化

1、学习第一自然段:

⑴这节课我们继续学习《掌声》这篇课文,这篇课文主要写的是谁吗?

(小英。)

⑵一开始,小英给你留下什么样的印象?

投影出示:

指名读课文第一自然段。

我们读出了什么样的小英?

自卑、忧郁、孤单、沉默,板书:

自卑忧郁

从哪看出小英很忧郁?

⑶是什么原因让小英总是默默地坐在教室的一角?

(用因为所以的句式说。)

⑷那时的小英内心一定十分地痛苦、忧伤、寂寞。当小英默默地坐在教室一角时,她心里会想些什么?

投影出示:

她总是默默地坐在教室的一角,地想:_______。

⑸小英忧郁、自卑、沉默的样子,你能读出来吗?指名读,把小英的心情读出来。评读。让我们一起走近忧郁的小英,齐读第一自然段。

过渡:多么可怜的小英呀!她几乎对自己、对生活失去了信心.幸好有一件事彻底改变了她,她变得活泼、开朗了,让我们来看看开朗的小英是什么样子的!

2、学习第二自然段:

⑴投影出示:

说也奇怪,从那次演讲以后,,小英像变了一个人似的。她不再忧郁,开始和同学们一起交谈、游戏,甚至还走进了学校的舞蹈房

(女生齐读。)

⑵老师把这句话改一下,你们看行不行?她不再忧郁,开始走进了学校的舞蹈房,甚至还和同学们一起交谈、游戏(不行)为什么?

(走进舞蹈房,更加说明小英敢于正视和挑战自己的缺点,树立起生活的信心。)

⑶你觉得变化后的小英仅仅只是和同学们一起交谈、游戏、跳舞吗?你认为省略号还省去了什么?谁来补充?

⑷这又是一个什么样的小英呢?

活泼、开朗、自信,板书:

自信开朗

⑸真替小英的变化感到高兴呀,就让我们高兴地来读读第5段吧!

⑹读到这儿在我们心中一定留下一个很大的问号,是?(小英为什么会有这么大的变化?)你认为是因为什么?(掌声)从哪儿找到答案的?(小英的来信)

指名读。

过渡:掌声竟会有这么神奇的作用!让我们回到那次难忘的演讲中去。

二、感悟重点,领会掌声内涵

1、默读第2、3自然段,边读边画出描写小英的句子,想想现在的小英会想什么?

2、轮到小英的时候,小英立刻把头低了下去,她此刻的心情会怎样,她会想些什么?

投影出示:

小英立刻把头低了下去,地想:_________。

3、残缺的小女孩感到自卑、紧张,害怕。那她又是怎样做的呢?

(生交流。)

出示:

小英犹豫了一会儿,最后慢吞吞地站了起来。我们注意到,小英的眼圈儿红了。

犹豫是什么意思?(拿不定主意)小英犹豫什么?(上去还是不上去)

小英想上去吗?(不想)为什么?小英能不上去吗?(不能)为什么?

因此,从慢吞吞、眼圈儿红了我们体会到小英的内心是多么的痛苦、无奈。齐读。

4、在万般无奈下,在无比痛苦下,在全班同学的注视下,小英终于──(引读)。小英一摇一晃地向讲台走去,每一步都像她的心情一般的沉重。

投影出示:

小英一边慢慢地走着,一边地想:________。

5、让小英意外的是──(同学们给了她热烈的掌声。)

6、同学们的掌声出现了几次?(2次)

7、谁能读读同学们的第一次掌声?指名读:

从哪看出掌声出乎小英的意料之外?理解骤然间。

(掌声响得突然,掌声响得让小英出乎意料。)

8、假如你就是小英的同学,你想通过掌声告诉小英什么?

9、我想对小英说:___________________。

(小英,只要有勇气,再难的事也可以完成!天下无难事,只怕有心人!你是最好的!你是最棒的!)

10、谁再来读第一次掌声?把你想说的话通过朗读表现出来!

11、小英一定能听懂你的掌声!谢谢你的掌声!听着那热烈、持久的掌声,小英感动了!

投影出示:

那掌声热烈、持久,小英感动得流下了眼泪。

指名读,评读。

12、当小英感动得流下了眼泪时,她的心里会想些什么?

投影出示:

小英感动得流下了眼泪,她地想:________。

板书:

感动。

(谢谢同学们对我的支持.我会更加努力的!)

13、当小英结束了演讲的时候,同学们又给了她经久不息的掌声,你又想通过掌声告诉她什么?(你的演讲太棒了!)

14、再次听到同学们的掌声,小英内心是多么得──(感激。)

投影出示:

小英向大家深深地鞠了一躬,然后,在同学们的掌声里微笑着走下讲台。

15、小英在掌声中,向大家深深地鞠了一躬,无数的话语在小英心头涌动,她想说:__________。

(原来我也是很棒的!同学们对我可真关心呀!)

16、但是小英什么也没有说,只是向大家──(引读)

17、你能读出小英内心的感激吗?指名读,评读。

三、引导说话,读背作者感想

1、学到这儿,相信你对于掌声或对于这篇课文一定想说些什么?

2、师深情地读第七自然段。同时出示:第七自然段的内容。

3、(齐读)请把这句话记在自己的心里。

4、老师搜集到了一首关于掌声的诗歌,送给大家,师感情朗诵。

5、有一首歌的名字叫《掌声响起来》,这首歌非常好听,也非常有意义,我们一起来欣赏这首歌。(播放音乐)

6、同学们今天上课表现多好呀,我想把感谢的掌声送给你们,感谢的掌声你还想送给谁?

伴着悠扬的歌声,让我们美妙的读书声也响起来,让我们在歌声与读书声的美好交汇中结束今天的课!

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇四

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������������������ñ§ï°ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

�������飺

��������

��������������⣺

�������ë¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������������

��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������׻�ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ç»¹ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªê¼ï¿½é¡ï¿½

�����������é¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

�����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú°å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½

�������â¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ò¶¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½

�����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

�����å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½í¨ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

�����æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����òªï¿½ï¿½

������������ï°ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

����������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ê£ï¿½

������ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������è«ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������è»ï¿½ä£º

����ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢í»è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½

�����ò¾ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�����ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ç®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

�����å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½

�����ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�����æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½

�����å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½

������������ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½

����������ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£

�����������é£ï¿½

���������������治ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ê¹ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½

�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä»¯

��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

��������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½

������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½

����í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

�������ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½

�����ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£º

�����ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê²ã´ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç£ï¿½

����������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¾ï¿½ê½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½öµï¿½í´ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����������ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß¡ï¿½

������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.�òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½×¸ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä£ï¿½

��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

������í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ëµò²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ôºó£¬£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµ¸ï¿½ï¿½

������å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�������߽��赸��������ëµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ã±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½çºï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê¡ï¿½ôºå»ï¿½ê¡è¥ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¿

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ø£ï¿½

�������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£º

�������å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5�î°é£ï¿½

�����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºå£ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ð°¸µä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»øµï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

�������������øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½

��������ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

���������öµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß¡ï¿½

����������è±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����������������

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½âµ½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

������ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£©îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������������â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½

����í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ó¢ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß¡ï¿½

����������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½

��������ë­ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµäµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ä¡£

�������������í»è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ð¡ó¢ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß¡ï¿½

������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ä»ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ð¡ó¢ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

����í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ó¢ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß¡ï¿½

�������飺

�����ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ð»ð»í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ö§ï¿½ï¿½.�ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ã©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

����������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½í·ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß£ß¡ï¿½

������ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½çºü°ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������ð¡ó¢ê²ã´ò²ã»ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¸ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

��������������������仰�����ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����������ê¦ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è£¬ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸è¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½

������������ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î£ï¿½

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇五

1.引导学生正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,体会人物的内心情感。

2.在阅读中激发孩子们懂得人与人之间需要关心和鼓励,并学会珍惜他人的鼓励与帮助。

1、引导学生整体把握课文内容,感受英子在掌声前后的变化。

2、引导学生朗读和思考作者对英子语神态和动作的描写,来体会英子的心理变化。

1、观察身边残疾人的生活有哪些不便,周围的人是怎样帮助他们的。

2、搜集反映残疾人自强不息的相关资料。

3、搜集一些反映人与人之间互相尊重、关爱的名言或谚语。

一课时

一、复习导入

“结识新朋友,不忘老朋友!”在我们学习新内容之情,我们一起去看看我们的老朋友吧!

幻灯片出示词语:

落下、残疾、调来、情况、犹豫、镇定、情绪、

讲述、忧郁、歧视、鼓励 、骤然间、小儿麻痹症

(学生认读)

二、检查预习

昨天,我们已经认识《掌声》中的英子,老师在第一课时后还布置了作业,让大家多读几遍课文,思考英子留给你的印象。下面老师就来看看,你从课文中认识的英子是个什么样的人呢?

同学们畅所欲言:可能有说英子是自卑的,可能又说英子是自信的,也能有说哦哦哦英子是由自卑变为自信的。

根据同学们的回答做简笔画,边画边提问:你看到了什么样的一张脸?你能用什么样的语言来形容他?(愁眉苦脸、伤心忧郁……) 这又是一张什么样的脸呢?你又能用什么语言来描述呢?(喜笑颜开、开朗活泼……)

三、精读课文,感知变化

指着哭脸、笑脸,幻灯片出示问题

从哪里可以看出英子的自卑或自信?怎样朗读才能把你的感受表达出来?

快点把书翻开,让我们共同走进英子的内心世界,感受英子的喜怒哀乐!(大家可以选择自己喜欢的方式朗读,边读边画出相关的句子)

(学生自由朗读思考)

指名根据自己的意愿朗读并接受评价

体现她自卑、忧郁的句子

1、她很文静,总是默默地坐在教室的一角。

2、上课前她总是早早地就来到教室,下课后,她又总是最后一个离开。

体现她活泼自信的句子

3、从那以后,英子就像变了一个人似的,不再像以前那么忧郁。

4、她和同学们一起游戏说笑,甚至在一次联欢会上,还让同学们教他跳舞。

在评价朗读的过程中明确:1、2句话要读的低沉,同情;3、4句话要读得响亮,欢快。

四、感悟掌声,理解他人

指着哭脸到笑脸的变化引导:由忧到喜,这张脸所代表的人物——英子,经历了怎样的转变?是什么使他改变呢?

(学生肯定会异口同声地回答:是掌声)

点击超链接,回到第一张幻灯片,导入本课课题。

掌声?你得到过掌声吗?说说你在什么时候得到过?当时的心情怎么样?

(很多同学都会抢着举起手来,眉飞色舞地讲述他光荣的历史)

板书课题

原来,使英子发生那样翻天覆地的变化的是同学们的掌声。掌声怎么会有那么大的神奇魔力呢?让我们一起来看看,英子是在什么情况得到的掌声?她的心情经历了怎样的跌宕起伏呢?

幻灯片出示

文中一共响起了了几次掌声?每次掌声是在什么情况下响起来的?从每次掌声中你分别体会到了什么?

(学生默读相关段落,画出相关语句,可简单记录自己的想法)

估计独立思考的时间够用后,击掌示意同学们暂停。“俗话说,一个好汉三个帮。下面的时间,请同学们小组内交流讨论幻灯片上出示的问题。让伙伴的不同见解深化你的想法!”

(小组内交流探讨)

汇报两次掌声出现的情况,朗读两次掌声。

1、就在英子刚刚站定的那一刻,教室里骤然间响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久。在掌声里,我们看到,英子的泪水流了下来。

2、故事讲完了,教室里又响起了热烈的掌声。英子向大家深深地鞠了一躬,然后,在掌声里一摇一晃地走下了讲台。

第一次掌声代表什么含义?假如你就是英子的同学,此时,你想通过掌声对英子说什么?

(学生换位思考,表达自己对英子的理解和鼓励)

英子明白那掌声的含义吗?

为什么说她明白呢?(朗读关于英子镇定情绪,讲述故事的句子)

假如你就是英子,此时你最想说什么?

(学生再次换位思考,表达英子的感激和振作)

如果说第一次掌声代表着同学们的理解和鼓励,那么第二次掌声的含义又是什么呢?

(交流第二次掌声的含义:赞扬和鼓励)

在两次掌声的前前后后,英子都是怎么想呢?你是通过哪些词语感受到的?

(思考交流英子的情感变化,并找到相关的对英子动作和神态的描写)

面对同学们再一次给予的掌声,英子也有太多太多的话要说,千言万语在英子的喉咙哽咽着,她觉得再多的语言也不足以表达她内心的感激,于是,她向大家―――深深地鞠了一躬。然后在掌声里一摇一晃地走下了讲台。

掌声给了自卑的英子莫大的理解和鼓励,这理解和鼓励就像一把魔剑,斩断了忧郁、自卑;迎来了自信、快乐!最能证明英子的改变的是——

(找到相关句子,感受掌声的神奇力量)

五、来信解析,学会感恩

多年以后,英子变成了什么样子了呢?让我们来读读英子的信:(出示英子的来信的一段文字):

我永远不会忘记那掌声,因为它使我明白,同学们并没有歧视我。大家的掌声给了我极大的鼓励,使我鼓起勇气微笑着面对生活。

从英子的信中,你看到了什么样的英子?

(感受英子的自信,开朗,乐观,感恩)

掌声是鼓励,是夸奖,是尊重,是关爱!多一份掌声,多一份爱;多一份爱的鼓励,就多一份成功的希望!同学们能够理解、鼓励、赞扬腿脚有残疾的英子,是因为大家的心中有爱。

在这篇文章里,爱是掌声,它传递着同学之间的关怀和爱护,传递着同学之间的鼓励和温暖。爱还是什么呢?

(播放“爱”的小诗)

爱就在我们生活的每一个角落。因为有爱,我们才快乐;因为有爱,我们才幸福。

(播放歌曲:《爱的奉献》)

板书:

29、掌声

忧郁 快乐

关心 尊重

理解 鼓励

自卑 自信

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇六

����

����1������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����2�����ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1���û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¡ï¿½

����2���ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½

����3���ñ¼ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°é£ï¿½

�����ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£º

�������â¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������������ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����è»ï¿½ä¡¢ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ô¤ï°

�������죬�����ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½úµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ó»¹²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµå¶å¶å¶ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä¡ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ð¦ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ä»¯

����ö¸ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������鷭���������ç¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ß½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï²å­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1�������ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����2���ï¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½â¿îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½

�����������������åµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3�������ôºï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ëµð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£

�����������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½1��2�仰òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½é£»3��4�仰òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ªï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ä£¿ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ó£ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å»ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±¾ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

������������ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ü¶ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½

�����������

����ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ó¢ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸²ï¿½øµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

�����ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¾

��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½é¼òµ¥¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½

�������æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¹»ï¿½ãºó£¬»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û»ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

�����㱨�����������öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1������ó¢ï¿½ó¸õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2�����â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����îªê²ã´ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

�������������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î»ï¿½î»ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä¸ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½

�����������ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������������ç°ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½

�������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½òªëµï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¸ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¨d�d�d����ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½äªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä¸ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����塢���å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½

���������ôºï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç²ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£

������ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½

����������ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ö¹û£ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ä½±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý°ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ø»ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½

���������å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê«ï¿½ï¿½

�������������������ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²å¿ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������:

����29������

�������� ����

�������� ����

�������� ����

�����ô±ï¿½ ����

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇七

【教学目标】

1.指导学生认识15个生字,会写8个字以及以下词语:教室、感动、一摇一晃、愿意。

2.有感情地朗读课文,背诵第4自然段。

3.体会课文所表现的情感,从小学会关心、爱护朋友和亲人。

【教学重点、难点】

1.认识生字,会写田字格中的生字。

2.正确、流利、有感情的朗读课文,感受英子在掌声前后的变化。

【教学时间】

两课时

第二课时

【教学过程】

一、谈话导入,揭示课题。

1.孩子们,如果今天有好多人来我们班做客,你们想用什么行动来欢迎他们的到来呢?(全班鼓掌欢迎)

2.掌声这么热烈,真是一群热情好客的孩子。掌声是一种特殊的语言,可以把心中想说的表达出来。这节课,我们就来学习《掌声》。

3.师板书课题

4.生齐读课题。

二、初读课文,整体感知。

1.自由朗读课文,注意读准字音,读通句子。

2.圈出生字,画出生词,自己借助拼音读一读。

3.同座互相认读生字词,注意纠正读音。

4.教师出示生字卡片检查生字读音。

5.指名分段朗读课文,评议正音。其他孩子认真听,思考课文主要讲了一件什么事情?

6.指名回答课文主要讲了一件什么事情?(一位残疾同学小英在同学们的掌声鼓励下克服了自卑、忧郁的心理,鼓起了生活勇气的故事。)板书:小英

过渡:掌声代表着欢迎,饱含着鼓励,它还改变了小英的生活。就让我们一起走进小英的生活,看看从前的小英是个什么样的孩子。

三、学习课文第1自然段和第5自然段,感受小英的变化。

(一)学习第1自然段

1.自由读第1自然段,想一想以前的小英是一个怎样的孩子?

2.指名汇报。(孤独、自卑、忧郁、沉默)板书:自卑

3.孩子们体会得真好,你们是从哪里感受到这一点的呢?

(1)课件出示句子:"总是默默地坐在教室的一角。"

(2)指导朗读这句话。看来,同学们都很理解小英。那时的她不爱说话,默默无闻,多么可怜!你能把她的痛苦、孤独通过朗读表达出来吗?

(3)自己试着读一读这句话→指名读→评价→齐读("总是"读得重一些,"默默地"读轻一点)

(4)她为什么"总是默默地坐在教室的一角。"用"因为…所以…"说一说。

(5)齐读第一句话。

过渡:那时的她对生活已失去了希望,我们再来看看现在的小英,她像变了一个人似的,她变得怎么样了呢?。

(二)学习第5自然段

1.指名读第5自然段,其他孩子思考现在的小英变得怎样了?

2.指名汇报。(活泼、开朗、自信)板书:自信

3.我们真替小英的变化感到高兴呀,那么你们能把她的活泼开朗读出来吗?

4.学生齐读第5自然段。

(三)对比读第1自然段和第5自然段。

1.小英前后发生了这么大的变化,能从你的朗读中把这种变化表现出来吗?

2.男孩子和女孩子对比读第1自然段和第5自然段。

过渡:掌声拥有这么神奇的力量!让我们回到那次难忘的演讲中去。

四、学习2---4自然段,感悟掌声的内涵。

默读2--4自然段,思考同学们给了小英几次掌声,用"--"画出描写掌声的句子。

(一)学生汇报交流:第一次掌声

1.就在小英刚刚站定的那一刻,不知是在谁的带动下,骤然间响起了一阵掌声。那掌声热烈、持久,小英感动得流下了眼泪。

2.齐读句子。

"理解"骤然",还可以换成什么词语?

3.第一次是什么样的掌声?指名回答,板书:热烈持久

4.如果现在老师是小英,你们是小英的同学,热烈持久的掌声响起来好吗?

5.这真是热烈而持久的掌声啊,你们想通过掌声告诉我什么呢?板书:鼓励

6.请女生读读这句话,把同学们的鼓励、小英的感动都读出来吧!

过渡:同学们为什么要给小英这样的掌声呢?在这掌声之前发生了什么事?7.请你用""画出描写小英动作、神态的句子。

8.学生汇报:出示描写小英的动作、神态句子体会:

(1)轮到小英的时候,全班同学的目光一齐投向了那个角落,小英立刻把头低了下去。

(2)小英犹豫了一会儿,最后慢吞吞地站起来。我们注意到,小英的眼圈儿红了。

(3)小英在大家的注视下,终于一摇一晃地走上了讲台。

a.指名读第一段话。

小英为什么立刻把头低了下去?在那一刹那,小英首先想到的是什么?男生齐读。

b.自由读第二段话。

"犹豫"是什么意思?(拿不定主意)小英犹豫什么?(上去还是不上去)小英想上去吗?(不想)为什么?小英能不上去吗?(不能)为什么?

因此,从"慢吞吞"、"眼圈儿红了"我们体会到小英的内心是多么的--(生答:痛苦、无奈)。女生齐读。

c.师引读:在万般无奈下,在无比痛苦下,在全班同学的注视下,小英终于--

从"终于"一词你体会到了什么?

小英一摇一晃地向讲台走去,走去,每一步都像他的心情一般的沉重。

d.齐读大屏幕上的三段话,好好体会小英内心的那种自卑、痛苦和无奈。

过渡:就在小英万般无奈之时,是掌声给了她勇气,给了她力量。

9.再次有感情地齐读写第一次掌声的句子。

10.掌声渐渐平息,小英开始讲述了她小时候的故事,听了故事,你想对小英说什么?

过渡:同学们把想对小英说的话用什么表达了出来?(掌声)那第二次掌声又是怎样的呢?

(二)交流汇报第二次掌声:

课件出示句子:"当她结束演讲的时候,班里又响起了经久不息的掌声。"1.全班齐读句子。第二次又是怎样的掌声?板书:经久不息

理解"经久不息","经久不息"的掌声响起来!

这次经久不息的的掌声其实是对小英的--(赞扬、肯定)板书:赞扬

2.指导朗读这句话。小英不但完成了这次演讲,而且完成得很出色,同学们又一次把肯定、表扬、赞赏送给了小英,那场面是多么感人啊!谁再来读读这句话,(指名读,齐读)

3.再次听到这经久不息的掌声,小英内心又是多么的--(生答:感激)

课件出示:小英向大家深深地鞠了一躬,然后,在同学们的掌声里微笑着走下讲台。

4.小英在掌声中,向大家深深地鞠了一躬,无数的话语在小英心头涌动,她想说--(生答)小英什么也没说,只是向大家--(引读)

过渡:有了同学们的肯定,小英变得自信了。从红着眼圈走上讲台到微笑着走下讲台,小英对自己的表现感到满意,对自己也充满了信心!这是多么的神奇的掌声啊!在小英最需要的时候,是掌声给了她勇气和力量,是掌声给了她自信的微笑。让我们一起深情地读好这段话。

5.齐读第4自然段

五、学习第六自然段,感悟信的内容。

1.这是多么神奇的掌声啊,它可以改变一个人,使她重新树立生活的勇气,迈出成功的一步。难怪,小英在给我的来信中说:…(课件出示小英的信,引读。)

2.过渡:是啊,多么可爱的同学,多么美妙的掌声,就是这充满鼓励、满含夸奖的掌声使小英从一个忧郁孤独的孩子变成了一个活泼开朗的阳光女孩,她被深深地感动了,有多少话要说,千言万语,万语千言全都融进了她的信中--

3.来,咱们再次走进小英的内心世界,去读一读她的来信吧!

六、总结课文,拓展延伸。

1.学了《掌声》一课,我们知道了人人都需要掌声,特别是当一个人身处困境的时候。让我们珍惜别人的掌声,同时,也不要忘记把自己的掌声献给别人。

2.你什么时候给过别人掌声?什么时候你得到了别人的掌声?先说一说,再写下来。

msn(中国)

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇八

��������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡¿

����1.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶15�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´8�����ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ï¿½ï£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ô¸ï¿½â¡£

����2.�ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½4��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����3.�����������öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã¡¿

����1.��ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����2.��è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ê±ï¿½ä¡¿

��������ê±

�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

����1.�����ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ó­)

����2.������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿íµäºï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3.ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4.��������⡣

���������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½

����1.�����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����2.è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3.í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4.��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����5.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����6.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(ò»î»ï¿½ð¼ï¿½í¬ñ§ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½)���飺ð¡ó¢

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½1��è»ï¿½îºíµï¿½5��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����(ò»)ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½1��è»ï¿½ï¿½

����1.���é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����2.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½(�â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬)���飺�ô±ï¿½

����3.������������ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����(1)�î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½"����ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½"

����(2)ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,��ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½â¶ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����(3)�ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½("����"������ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½"ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½"����ò»ï¿½ï¿½)

����(4)��îªê²ã´"����ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½"��"��îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½"ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½

����(5)�����ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��

����(��)ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½5��è»ï¿½ï¿½

����1.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����2.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½(���ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)���飺����

����3.��������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����4.ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����(��)�ô±è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��è»ï¿½îºíµï¿½5��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����1.ð¡ó¢ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����2.�ðºï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ô±è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��è»ï¿½îºíµï¿½5��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»øµï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ñ§ï°2---4��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ä¬ï¿½ï¿½2--4��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"--"������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����(ò»)ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1.����ð¡ó¢ï¿½õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£

����2.������ó¡ï¿½

����"����"��è»"�������ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����3.��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð£¬°ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ö¾ï¿½

����4.���������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����5.���������ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½?���飺����

����6.��å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��������ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½?7.������""������ð´ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����8.ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£º

����(1)�öµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

����(2)ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½âµ½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

����(3)ð¡ó¢ï¿½ú´ï¿½òµï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

����a.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ó¢îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥?����ò»é²ï¿½ç£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?���������

����b.���é¶ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����"��ô¥"��ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼?(�ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ê²ã´?(��è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥)ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½?(����)îªê²ã´?ð¡ó¢ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½?(����)îªê²ã´?

������ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"������"��"��è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"������ᵽð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½--(����í´ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)��å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����c.ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½--

������"����"ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´?

����ð¡ó¢ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½

����d.�������ä»ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����9.�ù´ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����10.��������æ½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ëµê²ã´?

�������é£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ëµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(����)�çµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����(��)�����㱨�ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½"���������ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"1.è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?���飺���ã²ï¿½ï¢

��������"���ã²ï¿½ï¢"��"���ã²ï¿½ï¢"��������������

������î¾ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ç¶ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½--(����ï¶ï¿½)���飺����

����2.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµãºü³ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î°ñ¿ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½(ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����3.�ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾­ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½--(���𣺸ð¼ï¿½)

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

����4.ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½í·ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ--(����)ð¡ó¢ê²ã´ò²ã»ëµï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½--(����)

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä¿ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����5.�����4��è»ï¿½ï¿½

�����塢ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

����1.���ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä±ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ö£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(�î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����2.���é£ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½òªëµï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½--

����3.���������ù´ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬è¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°é£ï¿½

���������ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£

����1.ñ§ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

����2.��ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����msn���ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇九

1、正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。

2、理解课文内容,知道人与人之间都需要关心、鼓励。要主动的关心、鼓励别人,也要珍惜别人的关心和鼓励。

引导学生整体把握课文内容,感受小英在掌声前后的变化以及掌声的内在含义。

1、孩子们,今天来听课的老师真多,你们用什么来欢迎老师们呢?

2、掌声这么热烈,真是一群热情好客的孩子。这么多老师来听课,大家的心情紧张吗?

3、好啊,这么自信,不过,李老师有点儿紧张,你们怎么鼓励我呢?

4、谢谢同学们的支持。你们是想用掌声告诉我什么呢?

一、导入新课

1、今天这节课我们继续学习小学语文课文《掌声》这一课,齐读课题。

2、掌声代表着欢迎,饱含着鼓励,它还改变了课文中小英的生活。下面就让我们一起走进小英的生活,看看从前的她是个什么样的孩子。

二、前后对照,感受小英变化

1、读第一自然段。

(1)自读第一自然段。

(2)从前的小英是个什么样的孩子?你从哪些语句感受到的?

指名回答并板书:孤独、自卑、忧郁、沉默

提示:“总是”是什么意思?“默默地”说明了什么?为什么她不愿意让人看到她走路的样子?

(3)看来,同学们都很理解小英。那时的她不爱说话,默默无闻,多么可怜!你能把她的痛苦、孤独通过朗读表达出来吗?

(4)指名读。

过渡:那时的她对生活已失去了希望,我们再来看看现在的小英。

2、读第5自然段。

(1)自读第5自然段。思考:现在的小英有了什么样的变化?

(2)交流:现在的小英有了什么样的变化?

(3)现在的小英是个什么样的孩子呢?

指名回答并板书:活泼、开朗、自信

(4)真替小英的变化感到高兴呀,来,让我们高兴地来读一读这段话。

(5)生齐读。

(6)小英前后发生了这么大的变化,能从你的朗读中把这种变化表现出来吗?(分组读1、5两段。)

3、现在的小英和从前判若两人,读到这儿,我们心中一定有一个大大的问号,是什么呢?(小英为什么有这么大的变化?)

(1)你认为是什么原因?(掌声)你呢?大家同意吗?

(2)你能从课文中找出根据来吗?

(课件出示来信)“我永远也忘不了那一次掌声,它使我鼓起了生活的勇气。我永远感谢这掌声。”

自读小英的来信,说说你从中体会到了什么?

过渡:掌声真的拥有这么神奇的力量吗?让我们一起回到那次难忘的演讲课上。

三、感悟重点,领会掌声内涵

1、自由读课文2-4自然段,思考:在那次演讲课上,小英一共得到了几次掌声?用波浪线划出描写掌声的句子。同学们想通过掌声告诉小英什么?小英听懂了吗?

2、小英一共得到了几次掌声?

3、谁来说说第一次掌声

出示:就在小英刚刚站定的那一刻,不知是在谁的带动下,骤然间响起了一阵掌声。那掌声热烈、持久,小英感动得流下了眼泪。

(1)“骤然间”是什么意思?

(2)“热烈、持久”分别形容什么?

(3)好的,你们现在就是小英的同学,老师是小英,热烈、持久的掌声响起来好吗?这真是热烈、持久的掌声呀!你们是想通过掌声告诉我什么呢?

老师听出来了,你们的掌声其实是对小英的——鼓励(板书)

(4)小英听懂了吗?你从哪里看出来的?小英为什么感动的留下了眼泪?

(5)小英原来可能是怎样想的呢?请大家读读上文,根据小英动作、神态的句子猜测一下,同桌也可以商量商量。

提示:

“犹豫”是什么意思?(拿不定主意)小英犹豫什么?(上去还是不上去)小英这时小英会怎样怎样想呢?(不上去吧,会……上去吧,我这样子肯定会……)真是进退两难呀!

(6)可是结果呢,正好跟她想的相反,班上的同学不但没有向她担心的那样,嘲笑她,歧视她,反而——给了她热烈、持久的掌声,面对此情此景,她感动得流下了眼泪。

(7)谁来读好这句话,把同学们的鼓励、小英的感动都读出来。

(8)齐读。

4、第二次掌声是在什么情况下响起的?谁来读一下描写第二次掌声的句子。

出示:当她结束演讲的时候,班里又响起了经久不息的掌声。

(1)什么叫“经久不息”?“息”是什么意思?

(2)“经久不息”的掌声响起来!

这一次你们想通过掌声对小英说什么呢?

同学们这次的掌声其实是对小英的——赞美、夸奖、表扬、敬佩

(3)小英听懂了吗?“深深地鞠了一躬”表示什么?从“微笑”这个词你能体会到小英当时内心的想法吗?她会想:“”

(4)是啊,多么可爱的同学,多么美妙的掌声,就是这充满鼓励、满含夸奖的掌声使小英从一个忧郁孤独的孩子变成了一个活泼开朗的阳光女孩,让我们再一起来读一读2-4自然段,体会一下这掌声的无穷魅力吧!

生齐读。

5、是啊,掌声使小英不再自卑,掌声使小英和同学们的心紧紧的连在了一起,她被深深地感动了,有多少话要说,千言万语,万语千言全都融进了她的信中——

来,咱们一起再次走进小英的内心世界,来读一读她的这封感人的来信吧!

齐读来信。

过渡:看了小英的来信,作者也为之动容,写下了一段感人肺腑的话。

四、总结升华,读背作者感想

出示:是啊,人人都需要掌声,特别是当一个人身处困境的时候。让我们珍惜别人的掌声,同时,也不要忘记把自己的掌声献给别人。

1、生齐读。

2、读到这里,相信大家对掌声的意思一定有了新的理解,在这里,掌声已不仅仅是鼓掌的声音了,它还是什么?(对人的鼓励、赞扬、尊重、关心)

你是怎样理解这段话的?

3、说得真好呀,人人都需要这充满爱的掌声,一个甜甜的微笑,一个赞许的眼神,一句温馨的话语,都可能给人带来无穷的力量。让我们敞开心扉把掌声献给别人,同时也要珍惜别人的掌声!

4、最后,老师想送给大家一首歌,——小学语文课文《掌声响起来》,希望大家能时常响起你们的掌声,献出你们的爱心,让世界变得更美好。

5、同学们今天上课表现太棒了,让我们为自己今天出色的表现鼓鼓掌!也把这感谢的掌声送给后面的听课老师吧!

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十

����

����1����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����2������������ý£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä¶¼ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½äºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½å¡£

����

����1�������ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����2��������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿íµäºï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3���ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����4��ð»ð»í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ö§ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½

����1��������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

����2�����������å»ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

��������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä»¯

����1������ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

������1���ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

������2����ç°ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð²¢°ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

������3��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,��ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½â¶ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������4��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½

����2������5��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

������1���ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

������2�����������úµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

������3�����úµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð²¢°ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������4������ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������5���������

������6��ð¡ó¢ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��5���î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3�����úµï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½í´ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºå£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1������îªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ô­ï¿½ò£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2�����ü´ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ô¶ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½

�������������øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½

����1�����é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��4��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ð¡ó¢ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ë­ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã£ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£

������1������è»ï¿½ä¡±ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½

������2�������ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������3���ãµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ç¶ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©

������4��ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð¡ó¢îªê²ã´ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¿

������5��ð¡ó¢ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó²â²ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

��������ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ê±ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½á¡­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½,�������ó¿ï¶ï¿½ï¿½á¡­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½

������6�����ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£

������7��ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������8�������

����4���ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1��ê²ã´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½

������2�������ã²ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ëµê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ç¶ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3��ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ê²ã´?�ó¡ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������4���ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½2��4��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

�����������

����5���ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½òªëµï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°é£ï¿½

����������å¡ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²îªö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½ë·î¸ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

����1���������

����2������������å´ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������������������î»ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����3��ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½í¬ê±ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4�������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¸è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä°ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����5��í¬ñ§ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ä¹ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½é£ï¿½

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十一

⒈理解文中所体现的团结、拼搏、奋进的体育精神,从而认识到“祖国的荣誉高于一切”的民族精神。

⒉掌握多角度塑造人物的方法。

⒊揣摩文中议论和抒情的作用。

⒋培养学生发表个人见解,表达个人情感体验的能力。

教学重点:理解文中所体现的团结、拼搏、奋进的体育精神,从而认识到“祖国的荣誉高于一切”的民族精神。

教学难点:培养学生发表个人见解,表达个人情感体验的能力。

教学过程:

奥运会上,女排姑娘获得了奥运会的金牌,五星红旗在高昂的国歌声中徐徐身升起,我们激动兴奋,我们为中国而骄傲,我们为自己是中国人而自豪,但同学可知道1981年11月,中国女排夺得了第三届世界杯女排赛的桂冠;1982年夺得第九届世界杯女排锦标赛冠军;1984年洛杉矶奥运会上再登冠军奖台,实现了几代人梦寐以求的“三连冠”宏愿。那时的女排令全国人民为之热血沸腾,女排的精神鼓舞着亿万探索前进的人们。女排的精神就是敢于拼搏的中华民族精神。女排之所以取得这样辉煌的成绩,离不开当时的女排队长孙晋芳。今天就让我们走进她,看看她究竟有什么法宝,让女排成为中国人心中的长城。

一锤cuí定音从容不迫pò 化险为夷yí

眼花缭lióo乱梦寐mèi以求袅袅niǎo青烟

亲昵yī 婉wǎn转璀cuǐ璨càn 饶恕sù 暗礁jiōo 默契qì

一锤定音:比喻凭某个人一句话把事情最后决定下来。

从容不迫:做事得心应手,不紧张,不忙乱。

化险为夷:

眼花缭乱:看到纷繁或新奇的东西而使眼睛发花,感到迷乱。

梦寐以求:睡梦中还在寻找追求,形容愿望十分迫切。

袅袅青烟:回旋上升的青色烟气

璀璨:(珠玉等)光亮鲜明。

默契:形容彼此无需用语言表达,即可心灵相通。

饶恕:宽恕;该处罚而不给予处罚。

暗礁:比喻潜在的障碍或危险。

㈠本文主要写了什么内容?(用一句话概括):

本文记叙了女排队长孙晋芳的事迹,赞美了她刻苦训练,勇于拼搏的精神及率直、聪慧、胸怀宽广的个性。

㈡文中主要写了孙晋芳的哪些事例?(训练学生的概括能力)

⒈雍容大将,技艺高超。

⒉苦练球技,挥洒自如。

⒊误会郎平,开阔心胸。

⒋了解队友,配合默契。㈢这些事例可以看出孙晋芳怎样的体育精神?文中哪些语句可以体现出来?

(同学交流、总结)

团结:与郎平消除误会;

拼搏奋进:走廊练球的场景

培养学生自己总结的能力

在体坛上像孙晋芳一样有着“顽强、拼搏、团结、协作”精神的运动员还有许多,你知道他们的哪些事迹,讲给同学们听听。

教后记:

㈠本文文词精美而富有哲理,精选出你感受最深或最喜欢的地方,有感情的读给大家,并说明理由。

⒈原来漂亮蓬松的头发,变得湿淋淋的,粘到一块去了。运动衣衫得颜色被汗水浸染得由浅变深,只要轻轻一拧就可以拧出一滩汗水。

(生动的描写出孙晋芳训练时肯吃苦,顽强拼搏的精神。)

⒉廊顶仿佛突然升高了,墙壁和门窗也似乎向两边闪开,狭小的走廊啊,宛如变成了一个无边无垠的空间。

(通过抒情感慨空间得变化,赞扬孙晋芳的球技,形象衬托出她传球技艺高超。)

⒊更神的,还是孙晋芳的双手,仿佛变成了两块磁石,吸引着飞舞的白球;仿佛有了魔法,可以随意把球送到想送的地方。

(用比喻写出孙晋芳可以任意地控制排球,形象生动地写出了她技艺高超。)

⒋孙晋芳恨自己心胸不宽阔,她懂得了自己的喜怒哀乐、自己的情绪起伏会直接影响队员,影响胜负,决心继续磨炼自己,要把心海中的暗礁一块一块炸平。

(暗礁比喻心中的狭隘“炸平”生动表现要除去心中狭隘的决心。)

⒌透过那细眯的眼缝,闪射出来的却是机敏、聪慧而又幽默的目光。

(外貌描写中渗透出人们对孙晋芳的喜爱,可见抒情十记叙的文字更加感人,容易与读者产生共鸣。)

⒍一幕幕惊心动魄的战斗场面,就由她导演出来;一支支悦耳的乐曲,由她指挥而生。

(形象地写出孙晋芳在比赛中的主导作用,她是比赛场上的灵魂。)

作者把孙晋芳比喻成连接珍珠的金线,这个比喻打的很好,形象生动的写出孙晋芳在女排中发挥的作用,类似的比喻你也能打两个吗?

如果把女排比作一部精彩的戏,那么孙晋芳

如果把女排比作一曲优美的乐章,那么孙晋芳

(是她组织全队的进攻,为得每一分创造了必要得条件,如果没有她,女排便没有了灵魂,也就不会取得辉煌得成绩。)五、那么孙晋芳在体坛上像孙晋芳一样有着“顽强、拼搏、团结、协作”精神的运动员还有许多,你知道他们的哪些事迹,讲给同学们听听。

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十二

����

�������������������öµï¿½ï¿½å½á¡¢æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬´ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½

���������õ¶ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½å½á¡¢æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬´ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½

����

����

�������ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½å®ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ß°ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½1981��11�â£ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½å®ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±­å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½;1982���ãµú¾å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±­å®ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½;1984����é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµç¹ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªö®ï¿½ï¿½ñªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½å®ï¿½åµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½å®ï¿½åµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»íµä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½å¶ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½å³ï¿½îªï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä³ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½cu���������ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½p�� ����îªï¿½ï¿½y��

�����û»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½li��o������m��i��������ni��o����

��������y�� ��w��nת�cu���c��n ��ë¡s�� ����ji��o ä¬ï¿½ï¿½q��

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ý²ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¦ï¿½ò¡ï¿½

��������îªï¿½ä£ï¿½

�����û»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½

������������ë¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

�����������ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����貣�(�����)����������

����ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý±ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½

������ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡;�ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������ç±ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½õ¡ï¿½

������

�����屾����òªð´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(��ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)��

�������ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½å¶ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»û¡ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

������������òªð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?(ñµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

������óºï¿½ý´ó½«£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������򼼣��������硣

�����������æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½

�������ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?������ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����(í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½)

�����å½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;

����æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������

��������ì³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½á¡¢ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ìºï¿½ç£ï¿½

����

������

����

�����屾���ä´ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

������ô­ï¿½ï¿½æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµä£ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»å¡ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ì²ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½

����(��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï³ô¿à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¿æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

�������è¶ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½í»è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ç½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ò²ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿õ¼ä¡£

����(í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ã±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼¼£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

����������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;�â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(�ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

��������������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²å­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ðµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½õ¨æ½ï¿½ï¿½

����(�����������ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¨æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½)

������í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½û·ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»û¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½â¡£

����(��ã²ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)

������ò»ä»ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;ò»ö§ö§ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����(�����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡£)

����

�������߰��������������������ä½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºüºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

���������å®ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������å®ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����(������ö¯è«ï¿½óµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½å±ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ò²ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ã»ô»íµã³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)�塢��ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½á¡¢ð­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����

����

����

������

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十三

课文写的是残疾女孩英子内心很自卑,一个偶然的机会让她不得不面对全班同学的目光。想不到的是,同学们给了她鼓励的掌声。掌声从此改变了英子的生活态度,她变成了一个活泼开朗的人,开始“微笑着面对生活”。

课文围绕掌声分两部分来讲述的,一是掌声前英子的心态和表现。一是掌声后英子的变化。英子由自卑到自信再到开朗,这源于同学们给了她鼓励和关爱。课文语言的语言质朴,但在平淡的叙述后面饱含着充沛的情感。特别对英子的外在的动作和语言描写深刻地揭示人物的内心。

一个残疾的孩子,如何面对生活,我们应该给予他什么,这是我们应该思考的问题。本篇课文讲述的故事,会给孩子心灵的启示。那就是正确的面对生活,乐观的面对生活,自信的面对生活。同时,我们应该用赏识的眼光看待他们,给他们生活的勇气,给他们无限的关爱。爱是人生的真谛。爱是永恒的主题。

本文反映的主题是“关爱和自信”。

课文讲述的是一个残疾的姑娘,因为同学们的爱心转变了她对生活的看法,由自卑、忧郁转变为自信、开朗。教学时应该充分抓住这个主题线索,逐层深入地展开教学。通过品词析句、研讨对话、朗读感悟等方式,体会文本的价值,启迪学生的思想情感。

阅读是个性化的过程。主张在教师正确的引导下,让学生多元的感悟课文内容。尊重学生的学习方式,创设平等、民主的课堂气氛,唤起学生的阅读兴趣,鼓励学生通过自我建构、自我体验,自我表达。

加强阅读与生活的联系。以文本为载体,拓展学生的情感,唤起学生的同情之心,自信之心,关爱之心。

重视语文基础知识和基本能力的教学,使识字学词、积累感悟、情感体验和谐并进。

1、会认和会写本课要求的生字,自主积累词语,学会用词说话。

2、正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,体会人物的内心情感。

3、理解课文内容,能够正确的面对生活,树立生活的自信,同时懂得要主动地鼓励和关爱别人。

第一课时

一、谈话交流,导入课文

1、同学们,平时一定听过掌声吧!在哪儿听过?你给别人鼓过掌吗?为什么要鼓掌?别人给你鼓过掌吗?你心里有什么感受?

2、是啊,掌声能崔人振奋,掌声能给人勇气,掌声能给人自信。老师了解到一个残疾的女孩,因为得到了别人的掌声,使她鼓起勇气,微笑着面对生活。你想听听这个故事吗?好,今天我们就学习一篇课文,题目是《掌声》。

3、板书课题,齐读课题。

评析:这篇课文是围绕着“掌声”来写的。在生活中,掌声是常见到的现象,在一定的场面,有时自己为他人鼓掌,有时他人为自己鼓掌,每次掌声都有不同的意义。掌声是在特殊情况下发生的,所以学生有深刻的印象。这样从学生身边生活现象说起,学生会感到有话可说,有情可发。由掌声的话题过渡到文本内容,自然衔接,顺理成章。

二、初读感悟,识字学词

1、你们想听听老师读课文吗?那么老师还有个要求,边听边想,课文中的英子给你留下了什么印象?

2、教师范读课文。

3、学生交流看法:

启发学生多元的认识,随机板书概括英子特点的词语。预测学生能说出:文静、残疾、可怜、自卑、忧郁、自信、活泼、开朗……。

评析:整体感知是深入阅读的前提。先从整体上扑捉信息,并以此为依托,再展开精细阅读,是阅读教学的基本方式。采用教师的范读和学生听读的整体感知方式,缘由主要考虑两个方面:一是学生有生字障碍,不能顺畅的读通课文,不利于整体的把握。二是有情感地范读,可以给学生一种感染力,以及训练了学生听读后的理解与概括的能力。这也是学习语文的基本功。

带着问题听读,听读中伴随着思考,所以,听读是有效的设计。听读后,就让学生交流看法,这是让学生谈出初步的感受。由于学生理解上的和扑捉上的差异,学生对人物的理解各有不同,教师首先应该尊重学生多元的感悟,不要轻易的下结论,使问题留有悬念,这样就创设了一个耐人寻味的问题情境。

4、看来,同学们对英子有不同的理解。那么英子到底是一个什么样的姑娘?你们自己读一读课文好吗?

5、要想读好课文,读懂课文,我们首先要做好什么?

(学会生字,读正确,读通顺。)

6、那么在读课文的时候遇到不认识的字怎么办?(交流办法。)

7、同学们真有办法!我们遇到生字,不仅要认识,还要记住。并且要体会一下字的意思。如果,你有什么好办法,还可以和同桌交流一下。

8、学生自己读课文,边读边圈画生字,相互交流。

评析:这个环节主要目的是让学生识字学词。并有意识的让学生凭借过去的经验自主的的学习。如何唤起学生自主学习的欲望呢?教师巧妙的过渡很关键。教师顺接上一个环节的问题,引发学生自己要读课文,话题一转,自己要读好课文就要先解决生字的问题。那么怎么学习生字呢?这一问,唤起了学生原有的知识情境。接下来,教师又强调了识字的要求和具体的做法。这样的设计,是环环相扣的自然衔接。

9、老师检测一下,看你们都认识这些生字了吗?是怎么记住的?

10、教师出示识字卡片,学生认读:

⑴ 带音节读。

⑵ 去掉音节读。

⑶ 游戏──抢读。

11、你们能给这些字找个朋友吗?并说说你用什么办法记住的?

注意调控课堂节奏,有重点的识记生字,体现学生识字的灵活性和多样性。

12、我们把这些字放在词语里,你们还认识吗?(学生读词语)

评析:识字应该体现一个由不会到会的过程。先读准字音,再感知字义,最后记忆字形。这是一般的识字规律,当然也可以整体上识记。识字的关键是各有侧重,在音形义上不必平均使用力量。识字的难点是记忆字形。这个环节重在启发学生交流记忆字形的办法。

三、指导写字,扎实训练

1、刚才,我们认读了生字,积累了词语。我们学习语文还有一项重要的基本功,那就是写字,不仅要会写,还要写得端正、美观。请同学们看这几个生字:

麻、症、疾、姿、势。

2、请同学们观察这些字在田字格里的位置,你发现了什么特点?

(学生根据自己的感知说特点。)

3、那么你想让老师指导哪个字呢?为什么?

(根据学生的请求指导写两个字,边写边讲注意的问题,要求学生每个字写两遍。)

4、评议学生的写字情况,指出优点与不足。

评析:在什么时候指导学生写字,没有一定的定势,但是写字尽可能在课内完成,并且主张把写字分散到两课时来完成。写字的基本要求是端正、美观。那么如何做到?首先学生的观察感知很重要,要让学生自己观察,自己发现规律,要比老师直接告诉效果要好。其次,教师的范写也很关键,通过教师的边讲边写,让学生掌握的写字的要领。教师的指导一定要细,要到位。写字后,注意评价和激励,培养学生写字兴趣。

四、再读课文,总结延伸

1、同学们能把字写得不错了,那么你们课文读得怎么样?谁来给大家读一读课文呢?在读的时候,大家注意倾听。然后,你给评一评,哪儿读的好?

(指名学生,分读课文,读不好的地方多读几遍。)

2、同学读得很用心,如果还没有没读通顺的同学,课下再多读一读,同时思考一下,英子到底是一个什么样的小女孩?

3、查阅一下小儿麻痹症是怎么回事?找一找,读一读,残疾人自命不息的故事。

评析:把课文读正确,读通顺是阅读教学的基本要求。要达到这一训练目的,就必须给学生训练的时间与机会,并且要注意读后的评价,充分利用评价的手段,纠正和促进学生把课文读好。

学到这里,已经完成了第一课时的教学任务。为了下一课时的顺利进行,要做必要课外延伸,也就是紧扣课文要研究的问题和主题,布置课外的作业。实现课内与课外的结合。

第二课时

一、复习字词,指导写字

1、出示识字卡片,认字组词。

2、理解“镇定”,练习说话。

3、引导学生书写“况 镇 绪 述 励”,重点强调“励”的写法。

评析:注重了语文基本能力的训练,复习生字,积累词语,练习用词说话,指导写字,这是语文教学的基本要求。

二、体会掌声前的英子

1、上节课,我们初步学习的《掌声》这篇课文,大家对英子有不同的理解,那么英子究竟是怎样的一个小姑娘呢?,们先来学习第一自然段好吗?

(大屏幕出示第1自然段。)

上小学的时候,我们班有位叫英子的同学。她很文静,总是默默地坐在教室的一角。上课前,她早早就来到教室,下课后,她又总是最后一个离开。因为她得过小儿麻痹症,腿脚落下了残疾,不愿意让别人看见她走路的姿势。

2、轻读第1自然段:

思考:你认为英子是一个怎样的姑娘?是从哪些词语看出来的?

生:她是一个文静的姑娘。因为她“总是默默地坐在教室的一角。”

师:“总是”是什么意思?“默默”说明了什么?

……

生:她是一个残疾的姑娘。因为她得过小儿麻痹症,腿脚落下了残疾。

师:你知道“小儿麻痹症吗?你见过这样的孩子吗?你看了有什么感受?

……

生:她是一个孤独的姑娘,因为“上课前,她早早就来到教室,下课后,她又总是最后一个离开。”

师:是很孤独,还有别的理解吗?(也可能体会出要强。)

……

生:她是一个自卑的姑娘。因为她“不愿意让别人看见她走路的姿势。”

师:假如你就是那个残疾的小女孩会怎么想?

……

生:她是一个忧郁的姑娘。因为她“总是默默地坐在教室的一角”“不愿意让别人看见她走路的姿势。”……

3、是啊,一个残疾的小姑娘,她怎么不孤独,怎么不自卑,怎么不忧郁呢?你能读出她的孤独吗?(读──)。你能读出她的自卑吗?(读──)。你能读出她的忧郁吗?(读──)。

一个孤独、自卑、忧郁、残疾的小女孩,她又是多么令人同情啊,下面让我们带着同情之心再读一读,好吗?想读的同学站起来一起读。(读──)。

评析:有效的课堂教学应该是在教师引导下的学生自主学习的过程。本教学环节,就是在教师提出一个有意义的问题后,让学生自主的进入文本,通过对语言文字的理解、感悟、体验,形成自己独特的认识。然后教师再创设创设一个互动对话的平台。在民主的对话中,体会文本情感。对话是开放的,体会是多元的。教师在学生的对话时,恰到好处地点拨、追问、讲解,把课堂引向有意义的建构。特别是尊重了不同学生的感悟,让他们带着不同的情感去朗读。

三、心灵呼唤,体会英子的快乐

1、英子是一个残疾的孩子,是一个不幸的孩子,同学们,难道你不希望英子勇敢地面向的生活吗?那么,你心中的英子应该是什么样的?

(快乐 活泼 自信……)

2、说得多感人啊!我替英子谢谢你。那么英子真的改变自己了吗?课文是怎么写的?

3、读第4自然段:

从那以后,英子就像变了一个人似的,不再像以前那么犹豫。她和同学们一起游戏说笑,甚至在一次联欢会上,还让同学们教她跳舞。

4、这是一个什么样的英子?见到这样的英子你高兴吗?那么你高兴地读一读。

5、英子由“忧郁、孤独、自卑”变得“快乐、活泼、自信”。那么是什么让她有如此的变化呢?(同学的掌声)掌声的力量真有那么大吗?事情还得从那天说起……

评析:教师先用满怀激情的话语激发学生对英子的爱心。然后,让学生读读课文中的英子,体会英子的快乐。此环节的设计打破的课文记叙的顺序,而是顺着学情的需要,了解英子“掌声”以后的变化,从而激发学生对“掌声”力量的探究。

四、体会两次“掌声”,感受英子的内心

1、出示第2、3自然段:

一天,老师让同学们轮流上讲台讲故事。轮到英子的时候,全班四十多双眼睛一起投向了那个角落,英子立即把头低了下去,老师是刚调来的,还不知道英子的情况。

英子犹豫了一会儿,慢吞吞地站了起来,眼圈红红的。在全班同学的注视下,她终于一摇一晃地走上了讲台。就在英子刚刚站定的那一刻,教师里骤然响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久。在掌声里,我们看到,英子的泪水流了下来。掌声渐渐平息,英子也镇定了情绪,开始讲述自己的一个小故事。她的普通话说得很好,声音也十分动听。故事讲完了,教室里又一次响起了热烈的掌声。英子向大家深深地鞠了一躬,然后,在掌声里一摇一晃地走下了讲台。

2、请同学默读第2、3自然段:

提示:

⑴ 事情是怎么发生?

⑵ 从英子的神态和动作,你体会到了什么?

⑶ 两次掌声是在什么时候发生的?你体会到了什么?

3、汇报交流:

生:事情的起因是老师让同学们轮流上讲台讲故事。英子既害羞又紧张。

师:从哪里读出来的?

……

生:写出了英子的犹豫。她慢吞吞地站了起来,眼圈红红的。

师:“犹豫”是什么意思?她为什么犹豫?

……

生:英子很激动。在掌声里,我们看到,英子的泪水流了下来。

师:英子为什么要流泪?

……

生:在全班同学的注视下,她终于一摇一晃地走上了讲台。就在英子刚刚站定的那一刻,教师里骤然响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久。

师:这是什么掌声?

生:理解的掌声。

师:还是什么掌声?

生:信任的掌声。

师:还是什么掌声?

生:鼓励的掌声。

师:还是什么掌声。

生:关爱的掌声……

师:说的真好!假如你是英子的同学,你会怎么想?怎么做?

生:……

师:假如你就是英子,听到掌声会怎么想?

生:……

师:是啊!英子是怎么做的?谁来读──

生:读“掌声渐渐平息,英子也镇定了情绪,开始讲述自己的一个小故事。她的普通话说得很好,声音也十分动听。”

师:你读出来什么?

生:读出了英子的自信。

师:很好。谁来读第二次掌声。

生:读“故事讲完了,教室里又一次响起了热烈的掌声。英子向大家深深地鞠了一躬,然后,在掌声里一摇一晃地走下了讲台。”

师:这是什么掌声?

生:赏识的掌声。

师:还是什么掌声?

生:赞美的掌声。

师:还是什么掌声?

生:表扬的掌声,加油的掌声,敬佩的掌声……

师:说的多好啊!

4、总结升华:

第一次掌声是英子在经过思想斗争后走向讲台时,教室里不约而同地响起了──(掌声)。那掌声──(热烈而持久)。这掌声里包含着大家的──(鼓励与信任)。英子在掌声的激励下,她的普通话说得──(好极了),声音也──(十分动听)

故事讲完了,教室里又一次响起了──(热烈的掌声),这一次掌声是──(赞美、鼓励……)

同学们,一个残疾的姑娘,她一摇一晃地走上了讲台,这需要何等的勇气,何等的自信?而这种勇气和自信又赢得了同学们热烈的掌声,那掌声是鼓励和赞赏,那掌声分明是爱的奉献!有一首歌写到:“只要人人人献出一点爱,世界也会变成美好的未来!”

5、朗读体验:

下面再让我们满怀激情的再来读一读这个自然段,读出你的理解,读出你的感受,读出同学们的爱心。

(自由读,指名读,范读……)

6、拓展训练:

同学们,当你遇到困难的时候,当你取得成绩的时候,当你犹豫不决的时候,你是否也需要掌声呢?那么说一说,你还在什么时候需要掌声?

出示:

当__________时候,我需要掌声。

评析:这个环节,是课堂教学的高潮。教师采用让学生默读的方式,来理解课文内容。默读是重要的阅读方法,有利于学生默思静想。教师温馨的提示,使学生默读更具有目的性和有效性。

汇报交流时,学生抓住英子的神态和动作的描写,体会英子内心的变化。教师既是听众,又是点拨者,也就是在学生对话中,寻找突破点和关键点,然后采取评价、引问、反问等方式,把学生引入深层地理解和感悟。特别对“两次掌声”的处理,体现了个性化的阅读──有不同的理解,就有不同的感受。

教师还巧妙的运用了换位思考,当英子走上讲台的时候,假如你是英子的同学会怎么想?当英子得到热烈的掌声的时候,假如你是英子会怎么想?这样的设计,体现了以人为本的教育理念。将心比心的思考,激发了学生真实的情感世界。

语文是情感的语文,语文是诗意的语文。无论是教师的过渡语,还是总结性的抒情,都具有一种艺术的感染力。

朗读也是个性化的朗读。教师没有所指学生要带着什么样的感情来读,而是要求学生读出自己的理解,读出自己的感受,并且形式多样,读得很充分。

语文是生活中的语文,要建立文本与生活的联系。这个环节的最后处理,让学生说一说“你还在什么时候需要掌声?”这是对文本的拓展,也是对学生情感的发现。

五、体会英子的回信,放飞美好的心愿

1、掌声代表鼓励,掌声代表爱心,掌声能使我们自信,能使我们微笑面对生活。几年后,英子给“我”写了一封信,谁来读一读。

2、从英子的来信中老师看到了英子脸上写满了两个字──自信。相信大家也有很多话想和英子说。让我们给他写封回信吧!(背景音乐《爱的奉献》)

3、写回信。

4、同学们一句句温馨的话语,传递着同学们真诚的爱。那爱是春天的细雨,那爱是流淌的甘泉,那爱是热烈的掌声,那爱是深情的呼唤。同学们,在生活中,你认为爱还是什么?

5、回放《爱的奉献》,齐唱。

评析:这个环节主要是以“写回信”为活动载体。让学生畅谈内心的感受,激励学生奉献爱心。最后,让学生联系生活说说对爱的理解,达到了既教语文又教做人的教育效果。

本课教学在落实语文基本训练的同时,注重了思想情感的探究,并且始终以语言文字为载体启发思考、朗读感悟、拓展练习等。

本课是以着“掌声”为线索,展开地情境教学。重点抓住掌声前、掌声时、掌声后,英子一系列的表现和变化,从而体会人物的内心世界。教学时,发挥了教师的主导作用,尊重学生多元的感受,体现了个性化的阅读过程。

课堂教学“唱响了爱的旋律”。初度课文感知“爱”,细读课文体验“爱”,生活拓展抒发“爱”。使我们感受到,不仅是在学习一篇课文,读懂一个故事,而且在发现人间的真情,呼唤爱的奉献。

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十四

��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ð¼ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½å¼è»ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ë¸ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡±ï¿½ï¿½

��������î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ìµø½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ö¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¹â¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµä¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

�������ä·ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½îªí¬ñ§ï¿½çµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ó¦ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

�����ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������ç¿ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

�����������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ïºí»ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

������������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½æ½ê±ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½

���������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ë½âµ½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿ºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ñ§ï°ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������⣬������⡣

������������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ô¼ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î½ó£ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½

����������������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½

��������������������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½òªï¿½ó£¬±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ó¡ï¿½ï¿½

����������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½á¡£ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ºò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������������������ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ïµä²ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½

��������������í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ã´ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ã´ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ì£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������������òªä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½éºü¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½òªï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ã´ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ðµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½öµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î½ó¡ï¿½

����������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ê¶ï¿½ö¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ �����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ ��ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿²ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����ע����ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

�������������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£©

����������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ê¶ï¿½öµä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½

��������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµñµï¿½ï¿½

���������õ²å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªð´ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

�����顢ö¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½

����������í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½øµã£¿

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½öªëµï¿½øµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ß½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½

������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ã¡£

������������ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö·ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½öµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½û²ì£¬ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö±ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ð´ò²ï¿½ü¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä±ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ð´ï¿½öµï¿½òªï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¸ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½öºï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºí¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬´ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã£ï¿½

������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½í¨ë³ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½

�����������ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ñµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½

�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½

����������ê¾ê¶ï¿½ö¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½

�����������⡰�ò¶¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� �� �� �������øµï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ע�������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ã´ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½

���������������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½

���������ï½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ã´ó¢ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½â¿îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½

������������ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

����ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

��������

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½

��������

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½â¿îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºü¹â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë£¿

��������

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹â¶ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½é°¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ð§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½è´´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½åµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½øµã²¦ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������������ó¢ï¿½óµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµäºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ã²»ï£ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

���������� ���� ���å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ëµï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ã´ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ä±ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ð´ï¿½ä£ï¿½

�����������ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

���������ôºï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ëµð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£

������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµø¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä±ä»¯ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»¹ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ð¡­¡ï¿½

������������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä°ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½æµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ò£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ê¾ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½û¾ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ç¸õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ãºüºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ê®ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

����������í¬ñ§ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

������ ��������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ ��ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������ ������������ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

���������㱨������

���������������������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¼èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

��������

��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½

��������

��������ó¢ï¿½óºü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¿

��������

����������è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë£¿ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë£¿

������������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������������æ½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ãºüºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ê®ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

��������������ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºã¡ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������������������íµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ä¶ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¶·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²»ô¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½òµä©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ã©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½îµèµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµèµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¸ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã°®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£º

�������������������������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä°ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

���������é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������õ¹ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ã³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

�������ߣߣߣߣߣߣߣߣߣ�ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������������ú£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

�����㱨����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµã²¦ï¿½ß£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½æµï¿½í¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµè·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½î»ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë£¿ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£

������������ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê¶ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºü³ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

���������������ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

�����塢���ó¢ï¿½óµä»ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½å·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸

���������������������������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ðºü¶à»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä¸ï¿½èªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

���������ø·å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ªï¿½ï¿½

�������������������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½îªï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ë¼è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½è¡ï¿½

�������������å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ïµï¿½ðµä±ï¿½ï¿½öºí±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½

�������ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十五

学习目标:

学习重点与难点:

仔细观察游戏的过程,并清晰地表达出来,从中体会到掌声的魔力。

学习过程:

(板书:掌声的魔力)同学们,你们看,老师在黑板上写了几个字,我们一起读一读。(学生齐读课题)读了课题,你们想到了什么?

师:我们来做一个游戏证明掌声的魔力有多大。我手上有硬币,我要把它藏在教室的某一个角落。请我们在座的某一位找,然后,我们大家用掌声引领他找目标,离越远,掌声就越轻,离越近,掌声就越响亮,一直到帮助他找到为止。

把硬币藏在一个不易被学生发现的一个角落里,请同学们注意找红心的同学在找的过程中的动作、神态,还要关注掌声是怎么帮助他

找目标的。

同学们都仔细观察了同学藏与找的过程,体会了掌声是如何帮助他的。

师:如果掌声是一位魔法师在跟我们说话,会在我们做游戏的过程中告诉我们什么呢?是啊,当我们迷失方向的时候,掌声是指南之针,引导我们,向正确的方向前进。当我们丧失信心几乎要放弃追求的时候,掌声又是希望之星,激励我们努力向前;当我们收获成功的时候,掌声更是幸运之神,祝贺我们与大家一起分享快乐……

掌声是肯定、是赞美,是喝彩,是敬佩;掌声是尊重,是鼓励,是安慰、是温暖。掌声是前进的信心,掌声是奋斗的动力,掌声是创造的活力。让我们学会鼓掌吧!给自己,也给身边的每一个人!

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十六

����ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£º

����

����

����ñ§ï°ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£º

������ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½

����

���������飺������ä§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ä³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ò»î»ï¿½ò£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ô½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½îªö¹ï¿½ï¿½

����

����

������ó²ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»ä§ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¥ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ç¿ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºè²ê£ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½å£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ°é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

����

����

����

����

����

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十七

学生才艺展示,其他生给予掌声。采访:你的掌声很响,能不能告诉我,你鼓掌时在想些什么?

预设:他的表演很精彩;我很欣赏他......

师:谢谢你,刚才你的xxx很精彩,当你听到别人给你掌声时,你的心情怎么样?想对大家说些什么?

预设:高兴,谢谢之类。

师:同学们,你有没有得到过别人给你的掌声,在什么时候,当时你是怎么想?

询问学生,学生畅谈。

结:大家说的很精彩,在你们获得成功时,在你们面对困难时,总会有人把掌声送给你们,也许是很多人为你鼓掌,也许一个人为你们鼓掌,这是多么幸福的事啊!今天,我们要学的课文就跟掌声有关,课题就是掌声(板书,生书空)齐读课题。

师:读了课题,你会有什么问题想问?

生各抒己见。

师:小疑则小进,大疑则大进,读书就要学会思考,学会质疑。就让我们带着问题读课文,注意读准字音,读懂字词,不懂就问,可以相互学习(生读文,师巡视,了解读书情况,做到教学有的放矢。)

师:同学们读得很认真,相信课文中的生字词语一定难不懂啊大家,开火车,如果他读对了,我们就跟着一起读。

(词语分组出示,先多音字,再难读字形复杂的词。)生字略

师:课文中有一个句子比较难度,你们会读吗?

“因为她得过。走路的姿势”(生读)

师:一只只拦路虎被你们打败了,真棒!回到课文,让我们对自己做个检查,再读课文,要和前几次做比较,看看自己是否有进步了。思考:课文主要讲谁?她又给你留下了什么印象?(生读)

师:通过朗读课文,每个人对英子都有了了解,她应该给大家留下了一个印象,你觉得英子是个怎么样的小姑娘?

预设:可怜、不自信、残疾人、文静......

每个人读书都有自己的想法,我们说话要有理有据。刚才别人说话的时候,有的同学好像不同意,那英子到底是一个怎么样的小姑娘?答案就在课文中,请同学们读一读。

出示:“上小学的时候,我们班走路的姿势。”

师:有声有色地朗读有利于表达情感,而默读更有利于思考。边读边想,英子给你留下什么印象?

提示:抓住关键词句,说话有理有据。

默默地、总是——用总是说话(生说),那么总是的意思?(一直都是这样的)。

课文补白:同学们,什么时候英子总是,一直都是这样默默地坐在教室的一角?也许课堂上大家都自信的积极举手发言,而她——读:她很文静,总是。一角。也许课间大家都在一起快乐的说笑游戏,而她——再读;又或许在班级联欢会上,大家欢快的跳舞,而她——再读。

你看到了怎样的英子?

预设:不自信、孤单、文静、内向......

同学再看这句,师有声有色地读“上课前,离开”(重点词:早早的,又总是最后)

这些词说明什么?联系上下文想一想,我相信你一定能行。

(此环节的目标:感受英子的自卑、忧郁、害羞、胆怯、压抑等复杂的内心,并板书。)

师:如果我们还像一开始那样大声读就不会有这么多的收获,边读边想,大家体会到了这么多,英子不愿意和大家交流,不愿意让别人看见她走路的姿势。课文中有一个词最能表现英子是个什么样的小姑娘。——忧郁(板书)

师:假如我们都是英子的同学,此时你的内心怎样?(难过、同情之类)

那就让我们带着这份情感和着音乐[雨的印记]读读这段话[第一自然段]。

作为英子的同学和朋友,你最想看到一个怎么样的英子?(快乐、活泼可爱、健康等)

师:那英子有没有变成我们希望的那样子呢?找到句子,读一读。

“从那以后教她跳舞”(生读)

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十八

����

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����ô¤ï¿½è£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ýºü¾ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½......

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xxx�ü¾ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ëµð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����ô¤ï¿½è£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ð»ð»ö®ï¿½à¡£

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ðµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ò£¬µï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ë£¿

����ñ¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½

�����᣺���ëµï¿½äºü¾ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ã³é¹ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¾í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½

���������㼺����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ê¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½óµä´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±è½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ö»ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ó¡ï¿½ó£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿

����ô¤ï¿½è£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½......

����ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½é¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ý¡ï¿½ï¿½õ²å±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿ï¿½ð°¸¾ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ó¢ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ó¡ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ä£¬ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ý¡ï¿½

����ä¬ä¬ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ä²ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ëµð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°à¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����㿴����������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½

����ô¤ï¿½è£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½......

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ù¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ð©ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

�������ë»ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½öµè¸ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ñ£¬±ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½à£¬ó¢ï¿½ó²ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½à£©

�����ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½[���ó¡ï¿½ï¿½]������î»ï¿½[��ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½]��

������îªó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇十九

以读为本,注重学生的情感体验,读中体会,抓住关键词句感受人物的内心情感,渗透情感、态度、价值观的培养,并注重学习过程和学习方法的指导,力求使相互交融的三维目标在教学中有效达成。

1、会认10个生字,会写13个生字。正确读写“掌声、文静、愿意、姿势、轮流、情况、慢吞吞、注视、热烈、持久、鼓励”等词语。

2、能正确、流利、有感情地读课文,边读边体会英子的内心情感。

3、懂得要勇敢面对生活的挑战,人与人之间要相互关爱。

指导学生有感情朗读课文,感受英子在掌声前后的情感变化。

电脑课件

第一课时

一、 激情导入,凸显“掌声”

今天这么多的老师来我们班做客,你们想用什么样的方式来表示欢迎? 我们今天学习的课文跟掌声有关,你们想学吗?(相机.板书:掌声 )

二、初读课文,感知 “掌声”

1、学生分段 朗读课文

a、通过预习,哪个同学知道这个故事的主人公是谁?她是一个怎样的人呢?在这个故事中,同学们在一节课上鼓了几次掌?两次掌声前,英子表现是怎样的?两次掌声之后,英子又有哪些表现和变化?下面就让我们一起来学习这篇课文。

b、分段读文

2、抽读句子 检测生字

三、细读课文,感悟“掌声”

1、画出描写两次掌声的句子,自读

2、指名朗读写两次掌声的句子(出示课件)

(1)就在英子刚刚站定的那一刻,教室里骤然间响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久。

(指导揣摩带点词语,体会掌声的不同寻常,朗读好句子。)

a、学生试读、抽读、评读。

b、看到英子站到讲台的那一刻,教室里的掌声为什么热烈而持久?

(板书:鼓励)

(2)故事讲完了,教室里又响起了热烈的掌声。

(引导自找重点词语,读好句子。)

a、指名读

b、生质疑,师生交流(板书:赞美)

3、指导朗读描写英子表现的句子。

师:在这两次掌声中英子有哪些表现呢?

a、学生速读课文第三自然段,边读边用“~~~~~”画出掌声之后英子表现的句子。

b、师生交流

c、比较句子:请同学们比较一下这两个句子有什么不同。(出示课件)

(1) 在全班同学的注视下,她一摇一晃地走上了讲台。

在全班同学的注视下,她终于一摇一晃地走上了讲台。

(抓住“终于”一词,体会英子心情,读懂犹豫原因)

(2)在掌声里,我们看到,英子的泪水流了下来。(出示课件)

(抓住“泪水流了下来”,揣摩英子内心。)

(3)英子向大家深深地鞠了一躬,然后,在掌声里一摇一晃地走上了讲台。

深化:当英子讲完故事的时候,教室里又响起热烈的掌声,此时此刻,英子怎么做呢?从这动作中你体会到什么?如果你是英子的话,你会说什么?

四、拓展延伸,内化“掌声”

1、朗读诗歌〈〈爱是一阵热烈的.掌声〉〉。

2、在课文当中我们把爱化作了一阵掌声,其实我们就生活在一个充满爱心的世界里。在我们生活当中爱又可以怎样表达?

3、学了这篇课文,你想给自己布置什么作业呢?挑自己最感兴趣的去做吧!

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二十

����

�����ô¶ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬×¥×¡ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ì¬ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����

����1������10�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´13�����ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½×¢ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����2������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����3������òªï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½à»¥ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����

�������ô¿î¼ï¿½

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ ���鵼�룬í¹ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ ���ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.���飺���� ��

���������������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª ��������

����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ �ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����a��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½í¬ñ§öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºí±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����b���ö¶î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��������� �������

��������ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½

����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1������ó¢ï¿½ó¸õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½

������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����a��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����b������ó¢ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã£ï¿½

���������飺������

������2�����â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����a��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����b�������é£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ó¢ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½öµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����a��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½~~~~~����������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½öµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����b��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����c���è½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç±è½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1�� ��è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

������è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

������ץס�����ú¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ô­ï¿½ï¿½

������2������������ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ץס����ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3��ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

���������ó¢ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ë¿ì£ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1���ê¶ï¿½ê«ï¿½è¡´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½.����������

����2���ú¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµ±ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿

����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二十一

1.认识本课的生字、词语。

2.正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,体会人物的内心情感。

3.理解课文内容,知道人与人之间都需要关心、鼓励,懂得要主动地关心、鼓励别人,也要珍惜别人的关心和鼓励。

引导学生整体把握课文内容,感受英子在掌声前后的变化。

通过语言和动作的描写来体会英子的心理变化。

一课时

:多媒体课件

一、导入(师在歌曲小学语文课文《掌声响起来》中导入:)

在我们的生活中,相信每个人都听到过掌声,这些掌声有些是你给别人的,有些是别人给你的。当掌声响起的时候,你的心情怎样?今天,我们就来学习一篇与此有关的课文小学语文课文《掌声》。(师板书课题,学生齐读课题。)

二、初读感知

学生自读课文,说说你读懂了什么?

在学生说的过程中,教师相机引导学生理解课文。

如:文中共写了几次掌声?谁给谁掌声?英子在掌声前后有什么变化?(板书:忧郁——快乐,齐读英子的来信)为什么会产生这些变化?

三、悟读课文

(一)重点语句:

1.“就在英子刚刚站定的那一刻,教室里骤然间响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久。在掌声里,我们看到,英子的泪水流了下来。”

(师:英子在经过一番思想斗争后终于走向讲台,这掌声包含了大家的鼓励与信任。)

2.“故事讲完了,教室里又响起了热烈的掌声。英子向大家深深地鞠了一躬,然后,在掌声里一摇一晃地走下了讲台。”

(师:英子在掌声的激励下,发挥了自己的才能,这掌声除了鼓励之外,还有赞扬。)

(二)重点体会:

1.这两次掌声有什么不同?指导朗读。

2.从这两次掌声中,你体会到了什么?(爱)齐读第3自然段。

3.说一说:在我们的生活中,爱还可以怎样表达?

4.课件播放抗洪抢险画面,说说你从中又体会到了什么?(引导学生体会爱)

师:英勇的人民解放军战士,他们不顾自己的安危,去保护祖国人民的生命安全。这也是一种爱,一种更高尚的爱。我们只有先爱自己,才会懂得去爱别人;只有爱自己的小家,才会去爱我们的祖国这个大家庭。

四、情感升华

1.配乐朗读一首小诗,升华情感。

2.在歌曲《爱的奉献》中结束。

师:一个小小的鼓励,一份微薄的爱心可以改变一个人的一生,给人以阳光般的温暖,给人以永生的快乐。同学们的掌声,让残疾孩子英子走出心灵的忧郁,走向充满希望和欢乐的生活,在爱的温暖中快乐地成长。爱,是无私的;爱,更是一种力量,让世间每一个人的生活变得美好。

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二十二

����

����1����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����2����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����3������������ý£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä¶¼ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½äºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±

��������ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¨ê¦ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½

���������çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹øµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½

��������������öª

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

�����磺���ð¹ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

���������������

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£º

����1��������ó¢ï¿½ó¸õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¶·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½òµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2�������â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½

�����������øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£º

����1��������������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2���������������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����3��ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿

����4���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á°®ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾ï¿½õ½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»á¶®ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1�������ê¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

����2���ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½î¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä±ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½öµø³é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二十三

1、理解课文内容,了解英子的情感变化,领会内涵。

2、能正确流利有感情的朗读课文。

3、通过学习,联系生活,懂得人与人之间需要尊重、鼓励,要主动关爱别人,特别是对身处困境的人;同时也要珍惜别人的关心和鼓励;正确的看待自己。

引导学生整体把握课文内容,感受英子在掌声前后的变化及两次掌声的含义。

1、同学们,你们今天真精神,老师为你们鼓掌!这,是称赞的掌声;回头看,有这么多老师来听咱们上课,该用什么方式表达对大家的欢迎?(学生鼓掌)这,是欢迎的掌声!

2、今天,咱们一起品读一篇非常感人的课文。(齐读课题)

3、声音能传情,读课题也要讲究。来,读出掌声的热情。

1、初读。

(1)带着你们的热情,自由地读课文。要求:读准字音,读通句子。

(2)出示生词,指读、小老师教读、齐读。随机学习多音字落。

(3)理解生词麻痹症。

课文中的英子,就因为得过小儿麻痹症,腿脚落下了残疾,从此只能一摇一晃的走路。

2、再读。

(1)指名读文,一人读一段。

(2)思考:英子给你留下了怎样的印象?

(3)根据学生的回答板书:忧郁 快乐

1、和同桌一起读课文,交流:课文那些地方写了英子很忧郁?那些地方写了英子很快乐?

(1)学习第一自然段

体会句子她很文静,总是默默地坐在教室的一角。上课前,她早早地就来到教室,下课后,她又总是最后一个离开。

你觉得这句话中哪些词最能说明英子的忧郁?

为什么她总是那么沉默?为什么她早早地就来到教室?为什么她又总是最后一个离开?

指导读,读出英子的忧郁。

在你们忧郁的读书声里,我似乎看到了英子那张忧郁的脸。(贴图)

(2)学习第五自然段。

我真高兴,英子变得快乐啦!(贴图)

想象: 我们仿佛看到,此刻,英子正在----,正在----,正在----,她还在----。

2、是什么让英子发生了这么大的变化?自由读课文二、三自然段。

(1)说说让你感动的句子。

(2)点词句,体会思想感情。

轮到英子的时候,全班同学的目光一齐投向了那个角落,英子立刻把头低了下去。

英子为什么立刻把头低下去?

英子犹豫了一会儿,慢吞吞地站了起来,眼圈红红的。

犹豫是什么意思?你在什么时候犹豫过?英子为什么犹豫?

在全班同学的注视下,她终于一摇一晃地走上了讲台 。

同学们注视着英子,那目光里包含的是嘲笑吗?是轻视吗?是瞧不起吗?那是什么?

同学们用什么方式表达这种鼓励?(掌声)

(3)课文中,掌声一共响起了几次?

指导读描写掌声的句子。

交流:在两次掌声中,同学们想表达的各是什么?

在掌声中,英子在想什么?

(4)师激情范读:英子的回忆

同学们,拿出老师发给你的学习卡,假如你就是英子,请写下你当时的心情和你想说的话吧!

英子的回忆:

当我一摇一晃地走上讲台时,教室里响起了一阵热烈的掌声,我知道,同学们是想对我说:----------- !我讲完了故事,同学们又一次热情地鼓掌,他们是在用掌声告诉我:------!我在心里默默地说:---------!

3、多么令人难忘的掌声啊!齐读第五自然段:英子写给同学的信。

掌声,让忧郁的英子变得快乐;掌声,使残疾的英子微笑着面对生活!这掌声中包含着什么呢?

板书:爱

1、 如果说给别人一阵掌声,这也是爱的一种表达方式,那么,在生活中,你还用那些方式表达过自己对他人的关爱?

2、 师生齐诵一首小诗。

师: 爱是一阵热烈的掌声,

爱是一句暖暖的叮咛。

爱是送给你

一声轻轻的问候;

爱是伸向你

一双温暖的手!

生:爱是----------

爱是----------

爱是----------

爱是----------

齐:爱就是激励,

爱就是力量,

献出我们的爱,

让世界更美好

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二十四

����

��������������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä±ï¿½ä«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½þ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ý½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹û¿ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·î¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ð³ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½

����

����öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1�����ï¡ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ö¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½9�����ö¡ï¿½

����2����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½4�����

����3���ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

����4��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½äºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ñ§ï°ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ìºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ô±è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½øµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½

����4���������ཻ������������������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

������ð¡ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½

����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½äºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½

������

������ñ§ï¿½øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ñµã£ºí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����

�����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½âµ¥ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

����

����1���õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµäµï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��������⡣����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ã±ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡°ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹³ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ò»ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºá³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºá£¨ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3��������⡣ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

�������è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ö®ï¿½ä·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1�����������������ã´ï¿½ì£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ì±ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºüºãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

������í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½

������1��í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸õ²å¶ï¿½ï¿½é¶¼ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¡£

����ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½öµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������䡱���ü¶ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ ����ò¶

������ ����������

������ ��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �������ä¼ç²ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����è½å£ï¿½ �������ô²ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½æ´ò»æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2����è»ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½

�������ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ªê¼ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ö»øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£

����

����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½

������1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2��í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ò»ï¿½âµï¿½ê±í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ù³ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµð¦ï¿½ï¿½

�������ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ ����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò¡£¶ï¿½

���������������������ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò¡£¶ï¿½

���������������������ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ù³ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò¡£¶ï¿½

���������������������ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

������3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½

������4��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹â¶ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½

������1������ó¢ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

������2��ô­ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ëµð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£©ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3������ó¢ï¿½óµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3���������äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê¹ó¢ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµäºãºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£

����ë­ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2���������ãºú°ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3������ç¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½üºüºãµø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½

����

�������øµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½2��3��è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

�������è£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

�������������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½2��3��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ó¢ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ú¿õ°×´ï¿½ð´ò»ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½

�������öµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµø¾ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨µï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½é£ï¿½

�����������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

���������û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±è½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½/�ô±ï¿½/���â£ï¿½

���������ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

������������ò»ï¿½ä£¿

������ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ã½²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµäºï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

�����������ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½

������������ì¸ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸òµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ä·ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½

������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½åºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£ï¿½ö»ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½þ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

�������������ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½çµï¿½ð¡å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

���������ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

������ë­ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

�������ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü´ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ë­ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������â·ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµè´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ ����

�����������ñ¡ï¿½

����îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¢ï¿½ï¿½ò£ô¶ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½è£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½

��������è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¿ï¿½ï¿½í»è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´æ«æ«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

���������������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç°ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ö£ï¿½

�������������ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

��������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¡

��������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½

��������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¡

������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó´ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½òµï¿½ö§ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ó¢ï¿½ó¸õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµäµï¿½3��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡£

������ä·ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ò²ã»ëµï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ð¼ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

����

��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ëµð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����ë¡ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3�������è¥ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£

���������������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����������ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������������ä¶ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½__________����������ö§ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿å¿å°ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý°ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����5���������߶�������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

������1��å®í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½

������3��í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

����

����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½

����1���������çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����2����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

��������

�������������������ç£ï¿½ï¿½ü°ñ¹â¶ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������å¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½

����3��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä´ð°¸£ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����������ú¿î£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ä¹ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ö³é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

��������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2

����

����1����ê¶10�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´13���ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´16�����

����2����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

��������ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����

��������������ý¡ï¿½

����

����

��������ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½29�����������飩

����1��������⡣

����2��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ë­ï¿½ä£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù°ñ±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����

����1�������äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢ ���� ������ �ð¼ï¿½ ��� ��

�������� ���� ����

����a���������������ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����b������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢

����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½õ²å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1�������äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

�������ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ïµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½

����2�������������������í¬ñ§ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½

����3����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ó¡ï¿½ï¿½

���������ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4����ï°ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½

����ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ò»ï¿½ã£©

����a��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����b���������顣

�������é£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ð¡å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1��ð¡ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½

����3�������û²ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ð´ï¿½ö£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ã¡£

����

����������

������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªì«ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½×µä»ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬

����ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½

�������ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ê±ï¿½ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������çºï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½

���������í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ï£ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ð£ï¿½

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二十五

����1������������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����3��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½í¬ê±ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½äºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å¡£

����1��í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½þµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½òµä»ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ç»ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2�����죬����ò»ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©

����3�������ü´ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

����1��������

������1���������çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½òªï¿½ó£º¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

������2����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£

������3�������������ö¢ï¿½ï¿½

���������ðµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ã¹ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½

����2���ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

������2��ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½

������3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����

����1����í¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óºü¿ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

������1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½

���������������ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½â¿îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½

�����������仰����ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½

������2��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����������ë£ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó±ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½

�������� ���ç·â·ð¿´µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ì£ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½----������----������----��������----��

����2����ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½

������1��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

������2����ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

�����öµï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

����ó¢ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

����ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

������ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½

������è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ ��

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3�������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

���������������������ð£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ð£ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������4��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµ±ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

����ó¢ï¿½óµä»ï¿½ï¿½ä£º

��������ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ì¨ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½----------- ���ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½------����������ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½---------��

����3����ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½

������������������ó¢ï¿½ó±ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½

�������飺��

����1�� ���ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2�� ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê«ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ ����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½å¯å¯ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½

���������í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½

��������������

����ò»ë«ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

������������----------

��������----------

��������----------

��������----------

�����룺�����ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������������

�����׳����çµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������������

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二十六

《掌声》这篇课文以饱蘸爱心的笔墨、朴实无华的语言向我们讲述了这样一个感人的故事:身患残疾而忧郁自卑的小英在上台演讲时得到了同学们热烈的掌声,在这掌声的激励下,她鼓起了生活的勇气,走出了困境,打开了向往美好生活的心扉,变得乐观开朗。伴随着故事情节的发展,透过描写人物外表的语句,我们可以体会到他们情感的变化,进而感悟到“掌声”的内在意蕴。因此,教学时可引导学生去与文中人物展开充分对话,进行心与心的交流,情与情的融通,让他们在主动积极的情感体验中去感悟语言,在品味中学习语言,在实践中发展语言,从而促进学生语言与情感的同构共生,实现文心与人心的谐和交融。

知识与能力:

1)会认“麻、症、疾、姿、势、况、镇、绪、述”等9个生字。

2)正确理解“小儿麻痹症、忧郁、文静、犹豫”4个词语。

3)在感悟文本的基础上正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,理解课文内容。

4)通过联系上下文体会两次掌声里的深刻含义,从而懂得并愿意主动关心、鼓励他人,并珍惜别人的关心和鼓励。体会人与人之间互相关心、互相鼓励的真情,学习关爱别人。回报别人的付出。

过程和方法:

1)通过多媒体课件展示生字词语,学生认读。

2)发动学生采用对比读、分段读、齐读等多种方式读课文,领会大意。

3)引导学生抓住重点词句理解人物的心理和活动。

4)让生互相交流,体悟文中人与人之间的真情。

情感、态度与价值观

1)通过本课的学习,让学生体会人与人之间的关怀、关爱,从而理解爱、懂得爱,在现实生活中与人为善,尊重他人,善待他人,鼓励别人;同时,也要懂得珍惜别人的关心和鼓励。

2)通过师生共学、自主探究、发散想象等方法从语言文字中体会人物的内心情感。

教学重点:引导学生整体把握课文内容,感受英子在掌声前后的变化。

教学难点:通过语言和动作的描写来体会英子的心理变化。

朗读单元导读,了解单元主题。

1、刚才我们读了单元导读,了解了这组的课文都是以我们为主题的?(爱)今天我们要学习的是本组课文的第一篇,题目叫做《掌声》。

2、板书课题。伸出手,和谭老师一起来写课题。这个“掌”字上面写得扁一点、宽一点,下面“手”的弯钩写得舒展一点。“声”上面的横长,下面的横(短)。

3、齐读课题。一起读课题。

过度:《掌声》这个小故事讲得就是同学之间发生的事,事情虽小,但读起来却令人非常感动。

1、想读吗?遇到困难怎么办?孩子们,借助拼音、查字典、请教别人、多读几遍,这些都是很好的学习方法。老师相信通过努力,你们一定能读准字音、读通句子。读好了就坐端正,开始读吧!

(同学们,齐读和自由读有什么区别呢?)

3、随文识字

(1)同学们刚才读书都非常认真,老师想问一下,你们知道文中的主人公是谁吗?这个小女孩从小就患上了(屏显:小儿麻痹症)指名读,读流利一点。

英子正是因为得了这种病,腿脚(落下了残疾)。这里哪个字的读音特别需要注意呀?

屏显“落下残疾”指名读,正音。

这个“落”还能读什么音?能组个词吗?

( )落叶

( )丢三落四

( )一共三个读音,但在这个词中读( )。用心记才能不出错,再读一遍这个词,看谁能把它牢牢记在心里。

因为她得过( ),腿脚( ),所以不愿意让人看见她走路的(屏显:姿势),自己拼一拼,能读准吗?指名读。

屏显去拼音的三个词语认读:去掉拼音了,谁敢领着大家读一读。

屏显句子:回到句子里,还会读吗?你来试试!我们一起读读。

(2)骤然间、热烈、持久

屏显词语:从你开始,每人一个,领着大家读一读。

屏显:“教室里骤然间响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久。”

又回到句子中了,请你来读。

这掌声改变了英子的命运,让我们一起走进英子的内心世界。

1、学习第一段

(1)师:请同学们自由读课文第一自然段,仔细想想,英子是个什么样的孩子?

学生自由朗读后交流:(自卑、忧郁、不快乐,孤独……)(板书:自卑忧郁或忧郁)

(2)同学们体会得真好,你们是从哪里感受到这一点的呢?

●课件出示句子:“总是默默地坐在教室的一角。”

想象一下当时同学们在干什么,

生:同学们在做游戏。

生:同学们在唱歌跳舞。

生:同学们在操场上奔跑,跳绳。

生:同学们在尽情地说笑。

屏显:当同学们()的时候,她总是默默地坐在教室的一角。引读“当同学们( )的时候,她总是默默地坐在教室的一角。”

师:当同学们快乐地游戏的时候。读

生(齐读):她总是默默地坐在教室的一角。

师:当同学们唱歌跳舞的时候。读

生(齐读):她总是默默地坐在教室的一角。

师:当同学们在操场上奔跑,跳绳的时候。读

生(齐读):她总是默默地坐在教室的一角。

(3)师:是啊,那是教室的一角,更是孤独的一角,你能把英子的忧郁、孤独通过朗读表达出来吗?指名读

(指名读评价:你试着把“总是”读得重一些,把“默默地”读轻一点。再读一遍。)

(4)师:看来,同学们都很理解英子。那时的她不爱说话,默默无闻,多么忧郁啊!让我们一起来读一读课文第一自然段,体会英子的忧郁和孤独吧!(齐读)

齐读→评价:多么自卑、忧郁的孩子啊!

2、学习第四段

(1)后来英子就像变了一个人似的,有什么变化呢?请你来读第四段,其他同学想一想现在的英子变得怎样了?

(2)原来英子总是默默地坐在教室的一角,现在和同学们一起(游戏说笑),还忧郁吗?性格变得(开朗,板书);原来她的腿有残疾,不愿意让同学们看见她走路的姿势,现在还让同学们教她(跳舞)。说明她现在充满了(自信)。

(3)看到英子的变化你们高兴吗?那我们把高兴的情绪酝酿到脸上,一起读。

3、概括课文的主要内容

(1)课文学到这里,你有什么疑问吗?:是什么使英子发生了这么大的变化呢?

学贵有疑,你是个爱动脑、会提问的好孩子,掌声送给你。

谁能帮他解决心中的疑问?(把话语组织好,把话说完整。你的思路很清晰,语言表达也很简练。)

(2)那你能用黑板上的这些词语概括出课文的主要内容吗?谁敢来说?请你来说。(你的语言组织能力真棒!)

(3)这就是课文的主要内容,记住,同学们,抓住了课文中的关键词句,我们就能很好地概括出课文的主要内容。

★重点学习课文的2、3自然段。

过度:那课文的哪几个自然段写的是同学们送给英子掌声这件事的呢?

●下面就请同学们默读课文的2、3自然段,画出描写英子动作

和神态的语句,多读几遍,想一想英子当时是怎么想的,在空白处写一写。读完、写完就坐好。

谁来读一读,说一说?

★轮到英子上台的时候,全班同学的目光一齐投向了那个角落,英子立刻把头低了下去。

●英子,轮到你上台了,你为什么立刻把头(低了下去)?

老师真高兴,你能勇敢地举手,大胆地说出你的想法吧!

●你就是英子,读读这句话,读出你的感受。

(评价:你把“一齐”读得比较重,“低了下去”读得轻,读得有感情。老师听出了你的无助/自卑/害怕)

●屏显句子,师领读:我们一起读:轮到英子上台的时候,全班同学的目光一齐投向了那个角落,英子立刻把头低了下去。

还画了哪一句?

★英子犹豫了一会儿,慢吞吞地站了起来,眼圈红红的。

●英子,轮到你讲故事了,你为什么犹豫呢?

●可见这犹豫中藏着的是英子的害怕、胆怯,对吗?读出你的感受。

●她还有别的想法吗?(她想去吗?)

来,请你谈谈这个问题。我从你的眼中看出来,你的心中一定是有了与其他同学不一样的看法。勇敢地站起来。

你的发言很有独到之处,善于思考,读出你的想法。

●不知道该怎么办才好,心里拿不定主意,所以英子(犹豫了一会儿),无奈之下,只好(慢吞吞)地站了起来,此时,英子的内心充满了痛苦、无助,甚至快要哭出来了。

●这个总是默默地坐在教室一角的小女孩,在全班同学的注视下——生接:她终于一摇一晃地走上了讲台;

这个不愿意让别人看见她走路姿势的女孩,在全班同学的注视下—————生接:她终于一摇一晃地走上了讲台。

●谁愿意再来读一读这句话呢?(指名读)

在全班同学的注视下,她终于一摇一晃地走上了讲台。

你能告诉大家为什么把终于读得这么响亮?(生答:因为英子下了很大的决心,才走上了讲台。)

(评价:理解的多深刻啊!)

●谁愿意来读读第3自然段,体会一下英子的这种复杂的心情呢?

(指名读)(评价:多么无助的英子啊)

●走路对别人来说是件多么容易、多么平常的事,可对英子来说却是那么( )。

生:困难。

为什么?

★从课桌走到讲台,这并不遥远的距离,可对于英子来说,这需要多么大的勇气和信心啊!作者对人物的神态、动作做了细致的描写,让我们仿佛触摸到了英子的痛苦与自卑。我们随着她艰难地挪动着残疾的双腿,一步、两步,一摇一晃;她低着头,含着泪,她多么渴望有一种力量能鼓舞她。就在这时候,(齐读)——教室里骤然间响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久。

●“骤然”还可以用哪个词来代替?(突然、忽然、猛然)那作者为什么偏偏用了“骤然”这个词呢?

●如果现在老师是英子,你们是英子的同学,什么样的掌声是“热烈而持久的”,你们能用掌声表示一下吗?

●这真是热烈而持久的掌声啊,同学们把千言万语都化作了这热烈而持久的掌声,这掌声是对英子的(鼓励、支持)

●如果你是英子的同学,你想用掌声告诉她什么?

生:英子,你能行,我们相信你!

生:英子,你真勇敢!

生:英子,别害怕,我们不会歧视你!

●师:英子此时最需要的就是大家的支持啊,

就在英子刚刚站定的那一刻,(女生接着读)——“教室里骤然间响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久”。

就在英子忐忑不安的那一刻,(男生接着读)——“教室里骤然间响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久”。

就在英子最需要鼓励的那一刻,(大家一起读)——“教室里骤然间响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久。”

★在同学们那包含鼓励与信任的掌声里,英子的泪水流了下来。掌声渐渐平息,英子也镇定了自己的情绪,开始讲述自己的一个小故事。故事讲完了,教室里——生接:又响起了热烈的掌声。

●教室里为什么又响起了热烈的掌声?请同学们再读读课文的第3自然段,想一想。

你的发言很有条理,也很有见解。

●这一次同学们除了用掌声鼓励了小英子之外,还送去了对英子的(赞赏)。板书:赞赏

●听到这热烈的掌声,无数的话语在英子心头涌动,她想说——

(出示关联词:如果没有……我就……;拓展说话)

●此时无声胜有声,她什么也没说,只是向大家—————“深深地鞠了一个躬,然后在掌声里一摇一晃地走下了讲台”。

英子一摇一晃地走上讲台,又一摇一晃地走下讲台,一样的走路姿势,她内心的感受一样吗?(不一样)

●让我们带着这种感激之情再读这句话:英子向大家深深地鞠了一躬,然后,在掌声里一摇一晃地走下了讲台。

1、同学们那充满鼓励,饱含赞赏的掌声就像春雨,融解了英子内心的冰川,医治了英子内心的疾病。英子变了。原来总是默默地坐在教室的一角,现在——生接读“她和同学们一起游戏说笑。”原来她的腿有残疾,不愿意让人看见她走路的姿势,现在——生接读“甚至在一次联欢会上,还让同学们教她跳舞。”

2、师:英子不再像以前那么忧郁,那她变成了一个怎样的人呢?

课件:用一句话交流:她成了一个( )的人。

她成了一个(自信)的人;

她成了一个(快乐)的人;

她成了一个(开朗)的人;

她成了一个(勇敢)的人;

她成了一个(不自卑)的人;

她成了一个(敢于面对生活)的人……

3、几年过去了,上了中学的她依然惦念着给予她掌声的同学们,她将心中的千言万语全都融进了她的来信——我们一起去读一读吧!(齐读)

我永远不会忘记……生活。

(1)你就是英子,你读吧。

(2)谁还想读?

(3)想读的都站起来读。

4、学到这里,我们逐渐领悟到掌声的深层内涵,它不光是拍手、鼓掌的表示,它还包含着对他人的__________?(鼓励、支持、尊重、信任、关爱……)掌声凝聚着颗颗爱心,掌声充满着浓浓真情,多一份掌声,多一份爱;多一份爱的鼓励,就多一份成功的希望!

5、正如作者董保纲所说:(课件出示):生活中,人人都需要掌声,特别是当一个人身处困境的时候。让我们珍惜别人的掌声,同时,也不要忘记把自己的掌声献给别人。

(1)女同学,请轻轻地把这句话告诉自己。

(2)男同学,请真诚地把这句话告诉你身边的朋友。

(3)同学们,请大声地把这句话告诉所有的人。

小练笔:

1、听了你们的真情告白,老师也被深深地感动了,我选了一首小诗,送给同学们。

2、出示:

掌声

掌声是闪闪的星星,能把孤独的黑夜照亮

掌声是温暖的阳光,能照亮人们的心房。

掌声是一把钥匙,能打开勇气的大门!

3、师:掌声还会是什么?相信同学们心中一定有自己的答案,赶紧拿出练习本写下来。

今天这节课,同学们表现得真棒!让我们为自己出色的表现鼓鼓掌,也把这感谢的掌声送给在场所有老师。愿我们今后在掌声中经历风雨,在掌声中快乐成长。让我们把掌声献给别人,献给自己,献给多彩的生活吧!

《掌声》教学设计范文2

1、认识10个生字,会写13个字,正确读写16个词语。

2、正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。

3、学会尊重别人,关爱别人,特别是给身处困境的人鼓励与帮助

理解一些词语意思,正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。

理解课文内容。

我们每个人都听过掌声,有些掌声是你给别人的,有些掌声是别人给你的。掌声响起来,你的心情怎样?(学生自由说)今天我们就来学习一篇课文:29、掌声(板书)

1、齐读课题。

2、说说读了课题你最想知道什么?

(谁鼓掌?这掌声是给谁的?为什么给她掌声?……

过度:看来同学们心中的疑问还真多!下面同学们带着这些心中的问题自由读课文,读完之后再把本课的生字认读,呆会儿老师会检查。

1、读课文后检查学生认词情况。

小儿麻痹症 姿势 落下了 残疾 情况 镇定

讲述 情绪 调来

a、讲解两个多音字:落调(小黑板出示)

b、解释小儿麻痹症

2、学生自由说你刚才读课文你读懂了什么?

1、读课文第一自然段,思考:英子给你留下了什么印象?你是从哪看出来的?

(文静、胆小、自卑……)

如果用书上的一个词来概括,你会想到哪个词?

2、随机板书忧郁,并请同学说说它的意思。

3、课文中有一段中的英子与第一段中的英子截然不同表现,同学们找找是哪个自然段?这一段中的英子又给你留下了什么印象?

(快乐、自信、爱与人交往、开朗……)

4、练习朗读第一段与第四段

英子前后发生了这么大的变化,能不能用你的朗读,你的表情表现出来。(指名读)

(第一自然段要读出她一种自卑心理,所以语气要低沉缓慢一些,第四自然段要读出快乐自信的心理,所以要读得高兴,跳跃一点)

a、学生练读,指名读,齐读。

b、读后评议。

过渡:一个自卑、忧郁的孩子后来变成了一个活泼开朗的小女孩,瞧,一对反义词同时出现在她的身上,是什么让她有如此大的转变,我们下节课再学习。

1、小黑板出示本课生字。

2、让学生用自己喜欢的方式来识记要求认识的字。

3、引导观察要求写的字。重点探讨“姿、势、吞、烈、普”这五个上下结构的字的写法。师板书。

4、学生练习写字,全班一起评价、指点。

鼓励,

有时不需要太多直白的话语,

只要你用心感受,

就能发现它巨大的能量。

它是英子犹豫时,

同学们给予的一阵热烈的掌声;

它是孩子哭泣时,

妈妈送出的一个紧紧的拥抱;

它是……

希望同学们也能像英子一样牢牢把握人们给予你的鼓励,勇敢自信地微笑着面对生活中的一切!

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二十七

����

����1������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½å¡£

����3�����������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

����

������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï²ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ð¼ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½å¼è»ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ë¸ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����������������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¼ï¿½îªå¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï²å­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ëµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½è±ï¿½ù¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ñ§ï¿½á»»î»ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½

����

����1��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£º

�������ý±ï¿½ï¿½î½ì²äµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½

�����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£

�����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��������

����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½æ·î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¿

����2����������ê±ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

���������ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������������ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä±ä»¯ ��

����1��������1��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªó¢ï¿½óµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1������ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½é·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½-----

�������é£ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

������2���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

�����������ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½â¿îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3��æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����a����ä¬ä¬ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����b������仰��ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����c��������í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ,��ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½í¹â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����d��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½í¬ñ§ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ê§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����2���í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½

������2������ó¢ï¿½óµä±ä»¯ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

������3��ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´í´ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3�����úµï¿½ó¢ï¿½óºï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½

��������æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°®

����1������ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��3��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ó¢ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¸ï¸æ·î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½

����2��í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3���㱨������������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½

������1���öµï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì°ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

����a������仰���������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����b����������ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����c�� ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è£ï¿½

������2��ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½

����a��ó¢ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç³ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ï¿½

����b������仰���㻹��ᵽê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����c��������ó¢ï¿½óµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����d��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ã£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3����è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ò¡ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½

����a������������������â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����b������ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����c�������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½

����d���������������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½

����e�����çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4���û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸õ¸ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����a������������������������ò²îªó¢ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

����b�������ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����c��ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ë¿ì£ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î»ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ò»ä»ï¿½ï¿½

����5���û½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����a��ó¢ï¿½ó´ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½â°®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»øµï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ë²ï¿½ä¡£

��������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����b��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó£ï¿½

����c���ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ä½±ï¿½ï¿½

����d�����������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

����e������ê²ã´ò²ã»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����f��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����g������ê¹ó¢ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ó¢ï¿½óºï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·â·ð¿´µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½î¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ð¿´µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î»øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��3��è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����h����ã´ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ð¡ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½òªëµï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����i��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸è£¬ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä·¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ù°ñ¸ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

����1��ã¿ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������1��å®í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������2����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3��è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°®ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½â°ï¿½ï¿½ä°ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë®------����������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½

����4���ü½á£ºï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã°®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë¼ä£¡

�����塢êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý°ï¿½

����������äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

��������ôªï¿½ï¿½ñ§×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ä²ð¼ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ðµï¿½ï¿½è½ï³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°®£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹á´©è«æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½êµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½úµï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ñ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½

������������ô±è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ä»¯

�����ô±ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ö±ï¿½ûµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµæ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½äµø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó¡£¶ô±ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«×ªï¿½ï¿½

�����ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾³ï¿½ø¶ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ãµø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ô¸ñ£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¢ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºãµï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½

�����塢���ô»ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½

�����î±ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ò»î¶ï¿½ï¿½ð§ä³ò»ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ô°ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½è²è£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñªï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½å²ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½êµä»ø´ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ò¸ðµï¿½ï¿½þ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½

�������ú¿î¿îºï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ä¿ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ý½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä¡ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¥ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¢ï¿½ó¸õ¸ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ç²ý²ý´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¶¨ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ ��ä¿ï¿½âµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ð¡ó¢ì¬ï¿½èµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

《掌声》教学设计及反思 《掌声》教学设计的设计意图篇二十八

1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,理解重点词语。

2、引导学生抓住关键词、句、段,深入理解课文,懂得课文中两次“掌声”的含义。

3、领会人与人之间需要尊重、鼓励,懂得要主动地关爱别人,也要珍惜别人的关心与鼓励。

引导学生整体把握课文内容,感受英子在掌声前后的变化。

通过语言和动作的描写来体会英子的心理变化。

这篇课文是人教版三年级上册第八组的第一篇课文,写的是残疾女孩英子内心很自卑,一个偶然的机会让她不得不面对全班同学的目光。想不到的是,同学们给了她鼓励的掌声。掌声从此改变了英子的生活态度,她变成了一个活泼开朗的人,开始“微笑着面对生活”。课文通过英子的变化表现了同学之间的鼓励和关爱。

经过近两年半的学习,学生对阅读有故事情节的课文有着极为浓厚的兴趣。他们喜欢阅读,乐于用朗读表达心中的喜怒哀乐。通过平时的培养与训练,大部分学生有一定的听读评价、朗读评价、相互评价的能力;并能够通过个性化的阅读,理解语言,感悟其情,而且学生善于把文中的语言文字转化成自己的语言表达出来。本班学生在平常的学习中,乐于抓住文中的重点词句来表达心中所想、所感、所悟。还有少部分学生也能在别人的带动、感召下,努力向他人学习,阐述自己的想法和感受。但是班中绝大部分学生是独生子女,平时他们感受更多的是别人对他们的爱,却很少能理解他人的内心感受,缺少关爱他人的情感体验,理解英子的内心感受对学生来说有一定的难度。因而丰富学生的情感体验,学会换位思考在本课的教学中尤为重要。

1、指导思想:

根据本课教材的特点和本班学生的实际情况,在本课的教学设计中我力图体现两条主线:

以读促思——激发学生阅读兴趣,培养学生阅读能力,通过反复品读,引导学生懂得文中词语的意思,并通过对重点语句的理解体会人物内心世界,从而生成个性化的理解。

以读悟情——引导学生在品读中积累,在品读中感悟,丰富升华学生的情感体验,提升学生的认识水平。

2、设计理念:

通过自读自悟这个最基本的语言实践,让学生在自主阅读、自主感悟、自主交流、自主表达中,体验人物情感,走进人物内心,品味文章的人文内涵,提高语文素养。

一、复习旧知,引发爱

1、通过上节课,初读课文,你已经解决了哪些问题?

2、初读课文时,英子给我们留下了不同的印象。为什么会有这样的印象呢?

二、研读课文,感悟爱

(本环节旨在前后对照,感受英子的变化 )

1、精读第1自然段,感知英子的“胆小、自卑”。

(1)用你喜欢的读书方式读第一自然段,可以大声读,可以小声读,也可以同桌合作读-----

质疑:原来的英子是个怎样的孩子?从哪些语句体会到的?

(2)课件出示:

“她很文静,总是默默地坐在教室的一角。上课前,他早早地就来到教室,下课后,她又总是最后一个离开。”

(3)品读感悟,指导朗读:

a、“默默地”是什么意思?英子的心情怎样?带着你的理解读一读。

b、对这句话,谁还有不同的体会?带着你的体会再读。

c、看来,同学们都很理解英子。那时的她不爱说话, ,多么可怜!每个同学都试着读一读,读出她内心的痛苦和孤独。

d、指名读,谁还想读?举手的同学一起读。

过渡:那时的英子是痛苦的,对生活也失去了信心,那现在的她呢?

2、赏读第4自然段,体验英子的“活泼、开朗”。

(1)请同学们自由读第4自然段,看看现在的英子是怎样的?指名说。

(2)真替英子的变化感到高兴,带着你的感受一齐读,读出她的快乐、活泼。

(3)英子原来那么痛苦,现在如此快乐,前后发生了这么大的变化,能通过你的朗读表现出来吗?男、女生赛读(女生读第1自然段,痛苦的英子,男生读第4自然段,快乐的英子。)

3、现在的英子和原来判若两人,此时她最想说的是——(指向大屏幕上的来信)大家再一起读。

过渡:掌声拥有这么神奇的力量!让我们和英子一起走进那次难忘的故事会中。(大屏幕出示课文插图)

三、品句析段,体验爱

1、认真默读课文2、3自然段,边读边用笔画出描写英子动作、神态的句子,细细品味,从这些句子中你体会到了什么?也可以在旁边写下自己的感受。

2、同桌交流。

3、汇报交流:(大屏幕出示句子)

(1)轮到英子的时候,全班同学的目光一齐投向了那个角落,英子立刻把头低了下去。

a、从这句话,你读出了什么?(紧张、害怕)带着你的感受再读一读。

b、如果你就是英子,当时你会想些什么?

c、 指名读,谁敢和他比一比?

(2)英子犹豫了一会儿,慢吞吞地站了起来,眼圈红红的。

a、英子害怕同学们嘲笑她走路的姿势,不愿意站起来,但老师的要求又不能不做,英子拿不定主意,从这句话中的哪个词可以看出来?(犹豫)哪个词也说明她内心的犹豫?

b、从这句话,你还体会到什么?

c、最理解英子的就是你们了,你能把她的痛苦和无奈读出来吗?

d、指名读,谁能读得再犹豫点,再痛苦点?齐读。

(3)在全班同学的注视下,她终于一摇一晃地走上了讲台。

a、引读:在万般无奈下,在无比痛苦下,在全班同学的注视下,英子终于——(学生接读)

b、她的每一步都像她的心情一样沉重,同桌合作读,男女生轮读。

c、大家再一齐读这三句话,读出英子内心的自卑、痛苦和无奈。

d、假如她就是我们班中的一员,就在英子刚刚站定的那一刻,你想对她说什么?谁还向鼓励鼓励英子?

e、你们的话语中流露出了热情的鼓励,真诚的关爱,这浓浓的情谊化作了掌声。

4、聚焦第一次掌声:

大屏幕出示:“就在英子刚刚站定的那一刻,教室里骤然间响起了掌声,那掌声热烈而持久。在掌声里,我们看到,英子的泪水流了下来。”

a、这是怎样的掌声?让我们也为英子报以热烈而持久的掌声吧!

b、孩子们,你们的掌声就是对英子最好的鼓励!把你要表达的情感融进朗读中,再读一读。

c、英子一定听懂了你们掌声中的话语,此时此刻,英子是多么激动啊!让咱们一起读,再次回顾这感人的一幕!

5、聚焦第二次掌声:

a、英子从同学们的掌声中感受到了哎,并从这爱的掌声中获得了动力,她很珍惜这爱的掌声,也是在爱的掌声的激励下,发挥了自己的才能,让我们回到那精彩的瞬间。

大屏幕出示:“故事讲完了,教室里又响起了热烈的掌声。”

b、小声读。掌声再次响起,假如你是英子的同学,你想用掌声告诉英子什么?谁还想夸夸英子?

c、是啊,掌声是鼓励,是尊重,是夸奖!

d、听到这热烈的掌声,英子想说什么?

e、但他什么也没说,此时无声胜有声!带着你的想象再读一读。

f、指名一名学生读,其余同学小声伴读。

g、掌声使英子鼓起了勇气,掌声使英子和同学们的心紧紧地连在了一起,透过掌声,我仿佛看到了英子那久违而迷人的微笑,仿佛看到了英子那被感动的心,让我们再次回到难忘的故事会中,请大声读2、3自然段,把你的感受表现在你的脸上,溶进你的声音里。

h、多么可爱的同学,多么美妙的掌声,就是这充满鼓励,充满夸奖,充满爱的掌声,使小英从一个忧郁孤独的孩子变成了一个活泼开朗的阳光女孩,她被深深地感动了,有多少话要说,千言万语,万语千言全都融进了她的信中——

大屏幕出示来信,齐读。

i、掌声是一首美妙的歌,能唤起人的勇气!掌声是一朵芳香的花,花香能使人振奋起来!孩子们,你们也是最棒的,让我们为自己鼓掌!再把感谢的掌声送给所有有爱心的人们!

四、拓展延伸,升华爱

大屏幕出示:是啊,人人都需要掌声,特别是当一个人身处困境的时候。让我们珍惜别人的掌声,同时,也不要忘记把自己的掌声献给别人。

1、每个同学都试着读读。

2、老师引读,学生接读。(《爱的呼唤》配乐。)

(1)女同学,请轻轻地把这段话告诉自己——

(2)男同学,请真诚地把这段话告诉身边的朋友——

(3)全班同学,请大声地把这段话告诉所有的人——

3、拓展延伸:人人需要掌声,人人都需要关爱。(《爱的奉献》歌曲响起)我们就生活在爱的世界里,我们要表达爱心,不仅仅可以是掌声,爱可以是给爷爷奶奶捶捶背;爱可以是给下班后的爸爸妈妈递上一杯水------爱还可以是什么?(学生畅所欲言)

4、总结:是啊,爱不需要回报,但爱需要传递。孩子们,你们就是爱的创造者,传递者,只要我们人人都献出一点爱,世界将变成美好的人间!

五、实践活动,传递爱

假如你的好朋友考试考得不好,她很难过,请你写几句鼓励他的话。

本单元教学专题是“爱是奉献”。本文写的是同学们友爱的掌声改变了一个自卑的残疾女孩的命运。课文通过英子的变化表现了同学之间的鼓励和关爱。在本课的教学中,我感到比较成功的几点是:

一、整个课堂充满着爱的氛围:(一)、设疑导入,引发爱;(二)、研读课文,感悟爱;(三)品句析段,体验爱;(四)、拓展延伸,畅谈爱;(五)、联系生活,奉献爱。全文教学设计紧扣“爱”字贯穿全篇,在训练语言文字的同时,突出学生的思想品质教育,使学生在学习课文的过程中思想品质得到升华。课堂设计达到了预期的效果,课堂也因动态生成而绚丽多彩。

二、整体对比,感受变化

对比阅读给人很直观的感受,为提出疑问作铺垫,让学生会质疑。学生质疑后自然会有这样的问题:到底是什么引起英子的变化,再进一步深入探究,掌声为什么会有这么大的效果呢。如果漫无目的地读,也许读过之后只会留下一个模糊的印象。对比阅读促使学生潜心阅读,这样便有效地调动了学生思维的主动性和积极性,培养了学生的概括能力,激发了学生的求知欲望。

三、以读代讲,角色转换

在教学本课时,我采用了“以读代讲,角色转换”的方法,通过引导学生入情入境地多次读书,让学生悄然走进文本,自己寻找感受英子不同的内心世界。通过不同的语气朗读,学生能更好地把握英子的不同性格,并在朗读当中表现出对英子的同情和对英子转变后开心的心情。真正做到在读中感知,在读中体味,很好地突破了教学重难点。

四、把课堂的掌声与文本的掌声相结合

整个课堂中,掌声多次响起。在潜移默化中学生已经知道了如何及时把掌声献给别人。

五、个性化阅读展示了学生的灵性。

课标指出,阅读是学生的个性化行为,应让学生在主动积极的思维和情感活动中,加深理解和体验,有所感悟和思考,受到情感熏陶,获得思想启迪,享受审美乐趣,不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践。在朗读指导时,充分尊重学生的独特体验,张扬阅读个性。不能不顾学生的感受,一味仿效某一种读法“读出感情”,正如新课标明确提出不能以教师的理解去代替学生的理解,以教师的分析取代学生的阅读实践。

这节课意外发现学生的闪光点:孩子们对爱的涵义异乎寻常地理解了——什么是爱:爱是给爸爸妈妈端杯热茶;爱是对有困难的人伸出温暖的双手(捐款、献血等);爱是给年迈的老奶奶梳梳头;爱是扶着残疾人过马路……听着孩子们精彩的回答,使我感到无比欣慰:孩子们不仅真正理解了课文内容,而且即将成为“爱”的创造者,他们将会用语言、用行动将“爱”的接力棒传递下去。

本节课课后我觉得教学中还有不少环节值得认真推敲,比如两次“目光”,虽然我已抓住,但引导学生理解的层次性还不够清晰。第一次是:轮到英子上台演讲时,同学们的“目光一齐投向了那个角落”。此时,同学们的目光中,可能包含着关注、期待,甚至也有少数学生准备看笑话的意思。但等到英子犹豫一会儿,慢吞吞地站起来,红着眼圈,准备走向讲台时,同学们的目光为“注视”。此时的目光中更多包含了鼓励、支持和信任。这样才有当英子刚刚在讲台上站定,教室里骤然间响起了热烈、持久的掌声的情况出现。教学中我虽然已经抓住了这些,但由于怕时间不够,只是草草带过,引导理解不够坚定,未让学生清晰地体会到 “目光到掌声”这一发展过程中的同学们对小英态度的变化。我需在这方面改进。

全文阅读已结束,如果需要下载本文请点击

下载此文档
猜你喜欢 网友关注 本周热点 软件
作品赏析是提高文学鉴赏能力的重要方法,它可以让人更好地理解和欣赏文学作品。在写总结之前,我们需要对所总结的内容进行充分的调研和分析,确保准确表达。小编为大家精心
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?接下来小编
总结是反思的结晶,它让我们在前进的路上更加明确自己的目标和需求。总结是对过去的回顾,未来的展望,该如何平衡?以下是一些时间管理的实用方法,希望能帮助大家合理安排
平等和公正是构建和谐社会的基石。写总结时,我们应该尽量避免罗列无关重要的细节,而是突出核心问题和要点。下面是一些关于如何培养学习兴趣和习惯的范文,供大家参考学习
“报告”使用范围很广,按照上级部署或工作计划,每完成一项任务,一般都要向上级写报告,反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等,以
这个分类会帮助我们更全面地了解学习和工作生活等的相关话题。写一篇完美的总结首先要对过去一段时间的表现进行客观而全面的回顾。希望大家可以从这些范文中学到一些写好总
自律是指个人能够自我约束和管理自己的行为,它是成就成功的重要品质之一。在写总结时,可以采用论证、对比、举例等方法,增加总结的说服力和可读性。希望通过范文的阅读,
作为一名老师,常常要根据教学需要编写教案,教案是教学活动的依据,有着重要的地位。优秀的教案都具备一些什么特点呢?下面是我给大家整理的教案范文,欢迎大家阅读分享借
“方”即方子、方法。“方案”,即在案前得出的方法,将方法呈于案前,即为“方案”。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的方案吗?下面是小编帮大家整理的方案范文,仅供
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?以下是小
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文,仅供参考,一起来看看吧其它梅花的诗句篇一2、笑时
总结是一种反思的过程,通过整理思绪来提升自我。如何正确看待失败和挫折是成长中的必修课,我们应该学会从中吸取经验和教训。下面是一些总结的范例,希望能够给大家提供一
范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?以下是小编为大家收集的优
政治是国家权力的组织和调控手段。在写总结之前,可以先列出要点,然后再进行整理和归纳。这些总结范文都是经过精心挑选的,希望能够给大家带来一些写作上的思路和指导。假
文学是人类情感和思想的载体,我们可以借助文学作品来理解人生。在写总结时要注意避免太过于个人化的情绪和言辞,保持中立和客观。面对总结的任务时,参考范文是一个不错的
总结是对一段时间内的经验和教训进行归纳,以便更好地指导未来的行动。写总结时,可以通过提供具体的例子和事例来支持自己的观点。通过阅读范文,我们可以对总结写作有更全
最后,通过报告的撰写和演讲,我们可以提升自己的自信心和表达能力。在写报告时,需要注意语言简练明了,同时正确使用专业术语。掌握了报告的撰写技巧后,我们可以更好地应
总结可以使我们更清晰地认识到自己的优点和不足。总结的语言要简明扼要,通俗易懂,避免使用过于专业化的词汇。以下是一些总结的写作要点和技巧,希望能给大家一些灵感。司
总结是在一段时间内对学习和工作生活等表现加以总结和概括的一种书面材料,它可以促使我们思考,我想我们需要写一份总结了吧。写总结时要有自己的观点和思考,不仅仅是简单
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?以
报告可以通过文字、图表、表格等方式展示数据和信息。要写一篇较为完美的报告,首先应该明确写作的目的和受众群体。接下来是一些优秀报告的案例,希望对大家的报告写作提供
探究是人类进步的动力之一,我们应当时常反思和总结自己的经验和教训。借鉴他人的经验和教训,可以帮助我们更好地总结和规划自己的行动。如果你对总结写作感到困惑,可以看
写作是一种表达思想和情感的艺术,它可以帮助我们更好地理清思路和提升自己的表达能力。写总结时要注意围绕主题进行论述,避免画蛇添足,将重点放在核心内容上。我们可以从
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?以下
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?下面是小编帮大
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?以下
总结是沉淀思考的结果,能够提高我们解决问题的能力。编写一篇完美的总结需要先回顾过去的经历和成果。小编为大家精选了一些总结范文,供大家一起来学习和探讨,希望对大家
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看
通过总结,我们可以发现自身的优势和不足,及时调整方向。撰写一份较完美的总结需要有系统性和条理性。希望大家能够对这些范文进行深入的研究和思考,借鉴其中的优点,提升
棒球运动在美国享有广泛的人气和影响力。怎样才能将一段复杂的内容简洁明了地总结出来?总结是在一段时间内对学习和工作生活等表现加以总结和概括的一种书面材料,它可以促
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?下面是小编为大家收
艺术是一种表达情感和思想的形式,它能够触动人心,让人产生共鸣。如何管理好时间,合理安排生活和工作?请参考下文给出的总结示例,理解如何全面评价自己的工作。高温慰问
一个良好的计划可以提前预见问题和挑战,并做出相应的准备和应对。需要在计划中设定具体的时间节点和完成标准,以便进行跟踪和评估。小编为大家整理了一些旅行计划的范例,
范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?接下来小编就给大家
作为一位无私奉献的人民教师,总归要编写教案,借助教案可以有效提升自己的教学能力。既然教案这么重要,那到底该怎么写一篇优质的教案呢?下面是小编为大家带来的优秀教案
一个好的方案应该具有可行性和有效性,能够解决问题并实现目标。在制定方案时,我们首先需要明确目标和要求。明确的目标和要求可以帮助我们更好地制定方案并行动起来。其次
通过写心得体会,我们可以反思自己的成长过程,发现不足之处并做出改进。写心得体会时,可以借鉴他人的经验和观点,但要保持自己的独特性和原创性。“下面是一些优秀的心得
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?下面是小编为大家收
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?下面是小编为大家
文学是一种表达情感与思想、展现人类生活与价值的艺术形式。2、完美的总结应该具备内容全面、关键明确的特点。以下是一些总结范文的提取,希望能为大家写作提供一些参考和
了解自己的学习风格和特点,有助于选用适合自己的学习方法。如何积极参与环境保护行动,为保护地球家园贡献自己的一份力量?接下来是一些值得借鉴的总结样例,希望对大家的
总结是对过去经验的回顾和总结,以便更好地迈向未来。在写总结时,要用简练的语言表达自己的思考和感悟。以下是小编为大家收集的总结范文,希望能给大家一些启发和参考。孩
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?
在商务谈判中,合同起到明确双方责任以及保护各方权益的作用。合同签订后,双方应当遵守合同的约定,并及时履行合同义务。合同范文是合同起草和签署过程中的有用参考资料。
总结可以帮助我们更好地规划未来的学习和工作计划。有效的时间管理可以提高工作和学习效率,我们应该如何合理安排时间?在此,我想分享一些关于这个话题的调查结果和数据。
时间就如同白驹过隙般的流逝,我们又将迎来新的喜悦、新的收获,让我们一起来学习写计划吧。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的计划吗?下面是小编为大家带来的计划书优
合同的有效执行和履行是商业活动中诚信经营的基础。如果需要,在合同签订之前可以咨询专业的法律意见,以确保合同的合法有效性。以下是一些常见合同的样本,供您参考和参考
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。文创产品策划
通过总结,我们可以发现自身的优缺点,以便更好地提升自己。写总结时,我们可以参考他人的成功经验,借鉴他们的做法和方法。以下是一些总结范文,它们或许能给你带来灵感,
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写,我们一起来看一看吧。慕
报告是一种向上级或团体汇报工作、研究或调查结果的书面材料。在写报告的过程中,需要注意语言的准确性和表达的精炼性。这是一份关于市场调研的报告,对于该行业的发展趋势
报告是指向上级机关汇报本单位、本部门、本地区工作情况、做法、经验以及问题的报告,优秀的报告都具备一些什么特点呢?又该怎么写呢?下面是小编给大家带来的报告的范文模
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文,仅供参考,一起来看看吧法律
读后感是对读者与作者之间的对话,也是对自己内心世界的沉淀和反思。写读后感时,可以结合实际的社会、历史背景来分析作品的时代性和现实意义。以下是一些读者撰写的精彩读
总结的目的不仅仅在于总结,更在于给自己一个新的开始。阅读前可以先预览全文,掌握大致内容和结构。让我们一起来看看下面这些总结范文,相信对大家会有很大的帮助。谈判邀
通过总结,我们可以梳理出自己在学习和工作中的亮点和问题。在总结中,我们可以根据具体情况分析问题的原因和解决方案。以下是一些往期总结的范文,供大家参考和借鉴。非主
总结不仅能够提升我们的学习和工作能力,还能够培养我们的反思和自我批评意识。在总结中要准确、具体地描述自己在一段时间内的成果和经验。接下来是一些总结的模板和范例,
总结是写给人看的,条理不清,人们就看不下去,即使看了也不知其所以然,这样就达不到总结的目的。总结书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇总结呢?以下我给大家整理了
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?以下是小
情感体验是人类情感系统的一种表现形式,是我们感受和体验世界的一种方式。写总结时要注意语言简洁明了,条理清晰。以下是一些经典的总结写作示范,可以帮助大家更好地领会
探究是人类进步的动力之一,我们应当时常反思和总结自己的经验和教训。怎样培养自己的沟通能力和人际关系?以下是小编为大家收集的总结范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
读后感是对读书过程中所得的思考和收获的总结,也是对自己阅读理解能力的一种检验。读后感写作要注重自己的独特视角和思考方式,以及对书中内容的真实理解和感受。以下是小
范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?下
无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都尝试过写作吧,借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?这里我整理了一些优秀的范
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?下面是小编为大家
通过总结,我们能够更好地发现自己的问题和不足。整理出清晰的主题,使总结具有逻辑性和连贯性。通过学习这些总结范文,我们可以丰富自己的写作技巧和表达能力。小数的意义
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?以下是我为
一个成功的方案,可以带来积极的效果和长远的影响。制定方案时需要做好预案和应急措施,保证方案的可控性和应变能力。通过分析和研究,总结出了以下一些关于方案制定和实施
制定方案是实现目标的第一步,关系着后续工作的顺利进行。一个完美的方案需要充分考虑各种因素和条件的变化,以应对未来可能出现的挑战和需求。下面是一些成功案例,希望能
健康是人们追求的一种宝贵财富,我们应该养成良好的生活习惯。写总结时,要注意用词得当,避免使用太过模糊的词语。希望以下小编为大家整理的总结样本能够给你带来一些写作
写读后感不仅可以帮助我们深入思考所读内容,还可以培养我们的批判性思维和分析能力。写读后感时,可以通过对作品的细节和情感描写进行深入剖析,使文章更具有思想性和感染
一个好的计划应该具备可行性和可执行性。设定具体的时间表可以帮助我们更好地控制进度。这里有一些关于计划制定的优秀范文,供大家借鉴和参考。八年级数学教学计划下学期篇
总结可以帮助我们反思过去,为未来的发展做好准备。在总结中,要注重事实和数据的支撑,尽量以客观的证据证明观点的正确性。大家可以参考下面的总结范文,了解一下如何写好
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?以下
musicolet
2025-08-21
Musicolet作为一款高质量音乐播放器,确实不负众望。它不仅汇集了海量的音乐资源,包括网络热歌与歌手新作,即便是小众歌曲也能轻松找到,满足不同用户的音乐需求。更重要的是,该软件干扰,提供清晰音质和完整歌词,为用户营造了一个纯净、沉浸式的听歌环境。对于追求高品质音乐体验的朋友来说,Musicolet绝对值得一试。
Anyview阅读器的历史版本是一款出色的在线小说阅读软件,它提供了详尽而全面的小说分类,涵盖了都市、武侠、玄幻、悬疑等多种类型的小说。用户可以随时在线阅读自己喜欢的小说,并且该软件还支持多种阅读模式和功能设置,让用户能够自由地免费阅读感兴趣的内容。这不仅为用户带来了全方位的追书体验,还配备了便捷的书架管理功能,方便用户轻松收藏热门小说资源,并随时查看小说更新情况,以便于下次继续阅读。欢迎对此感兴趣的用户下载使用。
BBC英语
2025-08-21
BBC英语是一款专为英语学习设计的软件,它提供了丰富多样的专业英语学习资源。无论你是想提高口语水平还是锻炼听力能力,这里都有专门针对这些需求的训练内容。此外,该软件还能智能地评估和纠正你的口语发音,帮助你使发音更加标准、记忆更加准确。
百度汉语词典
2025-08-21
百度汉语词典是一款专为汉语学习设计的软件。通过这款软件,用户能够访问到丰富的汉语学习资源,包括详细的学习计划和学习进度统计等功能,提供了非常全面的数据支持。该软件还支持汉字查询,并且可以进行多种词典内容的关联搜索,从而在很大程度上满足了用户对于汉语学习的各种需求。
屏幕方向管理器是一款专为用户提供手机方向控制服务的应用程序。作为一款专业的管理工具,它能够强制调整手机屏幕的旋转方向。这款应用程序提供了多种功能,使用户能够轻松选择个性化的屏幕旋转方式。此外,屏幕方向管理器还具备丰富的设置选项,让用户可以通过简单的操作实现更多个性化配置,使用起来既方便又快捷。

关于我们 | 网站导航 | 网站地图 | 购买指南 | 联系我们

联系电话:(0512)55170217  邮箱: 邮箱:3455265070@qq.com
考研秘籍网 版权所有 © kaoyanmiji.com All Rights Reserved. 工信部备案号: 闽ICP备2025091152号-1