一键复制
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写？接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写，我们一起来看一看吧。
限制性定语从句用法口诀篇一
our guide，who was a french canadian，was an excellent cook.
我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。
my gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.
我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。
关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句首。
如：peter, whom you met in london, is now back in paris.
彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。
mr smith，from whom i have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。
whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。
如：the boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
那位父亲是位工程师小男孩学习很努力。
above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.
在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。
the play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.
这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句，中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
① which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。
如：these apple trees，which i planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。
she is an artist，which i am not.
她是一位艺术家，而我不是。
water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
the two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.
那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上也确实如此。
② which指代主句中的形容词。
如：she was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
she is always careless，which we should not be.
她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。
③ which指代主句中的某个从句。
如：he said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.
他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
④ which指代整个主句。
如：in the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
he may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.
他可能得了急性盲肠炎，如果是这样，他就得动手术。
when deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
他经常聚精会神地工作，这时他会废寝忘食。
关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。
如：he will put off the picnic until may 1st, when he will be free.
他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。
副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的'词语。
如：they went to london，where they lived for six months.
他们去了伦敦，在那儿呆了六个月的时间。
as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……， 就像……”之意。
如：as is known to the united states, mark twain is a great american writer.
美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。（as在从句中作主语）
he forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
他忘了带笔，这是常事。（as在从句中作主语）
he is absorbed in work, as he often was.
他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。（as在从句中作表语）
as we all know, the earth is round.
众所周知，地球是圆的。（as在从句中作宾语）
the two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand.
两兄弟对此决定都满意，这项决定在事前都已得到他们的同意。(as在从句中作主语)
taiwan is，as you know，an inseparable part of china.
你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(as在从句中作宾语)
“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句：在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。
as it is known to all (that...) (as 做状语从句连词，是状语从句, 可以加that)
与 as is known to all (as做主语，是定语从句)
与 it is known to all that... (主语从句，it是形式主语)
即：as is widely known, the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(定从)
= that the moon is closer to the us than the sun is widely known.(主从)
= it is widely known that the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(主从)
as it is known to everyone, i thought you knew about it too.(状从)[1]
关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词，而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。
they were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines，without which the yield would be halved.
他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿，没有它们产量会减少一半。
they thanked tom，without whose support they would not have succeeded.
他们很感激tom，没有他的支持他们是不会成功的。
it now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.
现在它拥有两万公顷土地，其中三分之二之多已经耕种。
light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300000 kilometer per second.
光是世界上最快的东西，它的速度是每秒30万千米。
there are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.
大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。
the textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff，eighty per cent of whom are women.
这家纺织厂有8千多职工，女职工占百分之八十。
限制性定语从句用法口诀篇二
限制性定语从句是对先行词的内容进行严格、明确限定的定语从句，与先行词的意思关系非常紧密。
此时如果把限制性从句移除，先行词的意思就会受影响，意思不完整、不清楚或者有很大的变化。
所以，限制性定语从句是不能移除的。
give me the article that tells our company.
把讲述我们公司的文章给我。
(限定的是“讲述我们公司的那篇文章”，而不是别的文章)
which is the motorb ike that you fixed on the 12th?
哪辆是你12号修理的摩托车?
(限定的是“你12号修的那辆摩托车”，不是别的或者其他日子修的摩托车)
说到定语从句大家肯定都很熟，但是关于定语从句中总有一个痛处那就是非限制性定语 non-restrictive/ non-defining attributive clauses和限制性定语从句restrictive attributive clause;其实区分很简单，从形式上一句话：“which”前面有逗号的叫非限制性定语从句，没有逗号的就是限制性定语从句;
但是它们的难点其实根本不在于形式上的区分，而在于什么时候该用限制性定语从句和什么时候该非限制性定语从句，那么就不得不探究一下它们分别的作用;限制性定语从句：用于对先行词的意义进行修饰，限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;
we arrived the day that(on which) they left.如果把这里的定语从句去掉意思就会不完整或者改变;非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚完整。
peter, whom you met in london, is now back in paris.
彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。这里把定语从句去掉也不会影响这句话的主要意思;
the play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.
这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。
water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
i have a brother who is a doctor.
(言外之意是我的弟弟不止1个)
i have a brother , who is a doctor.
(言外之意是我只有一个弟弟)
总之，限制性定语从句能不能用主要就看前面的先行词能不能被分类， 如果上个例子中我只有1个弟弟那就只能用非限制性定语从句，因为根本不需要用限制性定语从句分类挑出来;同理，只有当我有好几个弟弟的时候，才能用限制性定语从句去区分
限制性定语从句用法口诀篇三
我们知道，as和which作为关系代词都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句所表达的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，但它们在用法上有区别，这一点许多学生往往搞不清楚。现就它们引导非限制性定语从句的用法简述如下：
当从句位于主句之后，引导词指代整个主句所表达的全部意义时，as和which可以互换。如：
the elephant is like a snake,as/which everybody can see.
大家都看得出，这头大象像条蛇。
a big earthquake occurred there last night,as/which was reported on tv.
据电视报道，昨夜那里发生了大地震。
she is from shanghai,as/which i know from her accent.
她来自上海，那是我从她的口音知道的。
1、as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之中或之后;而which引导非限制定语从句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句之前。如：
_______ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth.
答案：b
_______ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
答案：b
air,as we know,is a gas.众所周知，空气是一种气体。
he is very careful,as his work shows.
他的工作表现表明他非常谨慎。
as引导非限制性定语从句常有“如同......那样”的含义，因此在一些固定结构中，如：
as we know;as is known to all(众所周知)
as we all can see(正如我们大家都能看到的那样)
as has been said before/above(正如前面所述)
as might be imagined(可以想象得到)
as might be expected(正如所预料的那样)
as is often the case(情况通常是这样)
以上种种固定搭配，一般不能用which代替as。
2、搭配上，在由the same或such所修饰的名词后通常用as作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句。如：
i have got into the same trouble as he (has).
我遇到了与他一样的麻烦。
i've never heard of such a moving story as he is telling.
我从未听过像他讲得那么有趣的故事。
3、which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，意思是“这件事”;as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等。如：
he sold his new car,which surprised me.
=he sold his new car,and this serprised me.
einstein,as we know,is a famous scientist.
我们都知道，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
as is known to all,taiwan is part of china.
众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。
4、当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which。如：
the peach tree,which i planted last year,has not borne any fruit.
这棵桃树是我去年种下的，还没有结出任何果实。
the book,which i bought yesterday,is very instructive.
我昨天买的这本书很有教育意义。
5、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。如：
he married her,which was nature.(可用as代替which)
他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
she met the boy,which delighted her.(不可用as代替which)
她见到了那个男孩，这使得她很高兴。
he failed in the exam again,which made his parents very angry.
他考试有不及格了，这是他父母很生气。
6、as引导的从句在意义上不可与主语相悖，而which引导的从句则不受此限制。
mum treats me like a baby,which i can't bear.
妈妈把我当小孩看待，这是我不能忍受的。
