每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?这里我整理了一些优秀的范文,希望对大家有所帮助,下面我们就来了解一下吧。
旅游地理说课稿篇一
《普通高中地理课程标准》对本节的要求是“分析地球运动的地理意义”此要求是这节课的教学指导思想和教学依据。
(一)教材的地位和作用
本节内容紧紧围绕地球运动及其所产生的地理意义进行学习,而昼夜交替则是地球运动的重要地理意义之一。它对我们以后学习时差和昼夜长短起到了铺垫作用。并且,学生对昼夜交替的学习有利于透过一些自然现象认识到事物本质规律和空间思维能力的培养。
(二)教学目标
根据课程标准要求(对知识传授、能力培养、思想教育三者统一以及地理知识分层次掌握的要求),加上我对教材的分解和学生对知识的掌握能力,我将本节课的教学目标定为以下三大方面:
1。知识与技能目标:
(1)能够解释昼夜现象和昼夜交替想象。
(2)能够读图判读晨昏线,并能够运用晨昏线的特征解决问题。
2。过程与方法目标:
通过教学挂图解释昼夜现象,运用地球仪演示昼夜交替现象,运用教学挂图分析晨昏线的特征。
3。情感态度与价值观目标:
树立世界的物质性及物质运动规律性本质性的价值观。
(三)重、难点分析
1。重点:晨昏线的判读和特征及运用。
2。难点:晨昏线的判别和特点。
3。重点、难点确立依据这个知识点比较抽象,对学生的空间思维能力及读图分析能力要求很高,晨昏线特征的运用是解决地理问题的重要运用之一。
根据本节内容对空间思维能力要求较高的特点,我采用的教学方法以读图分析法为主,通过地球仪演示,让学生根据演示来分析、归纳、比较昼夜现象和昼夜交替现象的形成,运用教学挂图,指导学生分析归纳晨昏线的特征,同时辅以情景创设,采用设问式教学方法完成知识的传授,让学生主动去理解知识,运用学习成果。
兴趣是最好的老师,故教学中运用地球仪,地图演示等生动、形象的现代教学手段来激发学生的学习兴趣,同时提出一些小问题 (如在同一时间里,为什么太阳只能照亮地球表面的一半),引导学生进行积极地思考,激发学生探索知识的兴趣和热情,变被动为主动。
本节课程教学我将从导入、新课教学、两个环节进行。
我的时间分配如下,新课导入三分钟,新课教学十九分钟,总结一分钟。
(一)贴近生活,导入新课
由于本节内容与生活现象联系紧密,因此我通过生活中的白天黑夜引出昼夜现象,再指出日复一日白天黑夜往复交替的事实,从而引出昼夜交替现象。由此进入新课的学习。
(二)新课教学
1。创设情境,明确关系
在引入新课的基础上,首先要给学生提出一个问题(是什么原因导致了昼夜现象呢?),为了实现学生由日常生活经验的积累到从空间上进行地理规律的分析的思维角度转变,我写一副对联(人间豪杰立地顶天,天外来客俯视星河)来对学生作出引导,通过教学挂图让学生从宇宙空间角度来认识昼夜现象,点出昼半球和夜半球的概念,并明确这是由太阳和地球双方的特性决定的。接下来通过地球仪来演示地球自转引起的昼夜交替现象。再指出相对于静态的昼夜现象,昼夜交替则是动态的,让学生明确昼夜交替是在昼夜现象的而基础上地球自转产生的自然现象。
2。步步引导,合理过度
在上面知道了昼夜交替的原因,通过生活中日复一日的昼夜交替现象我们可以得出昼夜交替的周期为一日,这里的一日是指太阳日(24小时),在这里要强调我们的研究对象为地球和太阳,是以太阳作为参考点,所以周期为一个太阳日。
再指出昼夜交替影响着人类的起居作息,因此,太阳日被用来作为基本的时间单位。
3。图文结合,突破难点
让学生观察教学挂图,指出昼半球和夜半球的分界线为晨昏线(圈),在这里学生可以通过教学挂图形象直观的出分界线在空间上表现为一个圈。再指出,晨昏线由晨线和昏线构成的,通过生活中清晨日出和黄昏日落的自然下现象引导出晨昏线的判读方法,即顺着地球自转方向,由夜半球进入昼半球经过的分界线是晨线,由昼半球进入夜半球经过的分界线为昏线。在这里要强调顺着地球自转方向这个前提条件。接下来,通过教学挂图来分析晨昏线的特征,针对晨昏线是过地心的大圆的这个特点,以赤道为例补充说明球体上大圆的知识点。在特点中重点强调晨昏线平分赤道,晨线与赤道的交点的地方时为六点,昏线赤道的交点的地方时为十八点,并指出这点在以后知识学习中的重要性。对于太阳光线垂直于晨昏线,以及将经过的纬线分割为昼弧和夜弧指导学生读图分析即可得出,作简要解释即可。
本节课我主要采用的是纲目式板书,比较简略,易于突出重点,有利与学生对重点知识把握,也有助于学生知识体系的建构。
旅游地理说课稿篇二
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旅游地理说课稿篇三
各位老师,各位同学大家上(下)午好,我是来自xx,今天我说课的内容是:地球的自转
本节课选自湘教版高中地理必修一第一章第三节的内容—地球的自转及其意义。教学对象为高中一年级的学生。
学生初中的科学已经学习了地球的运动的基本原理,比如自转角速度、线速度。高中生的好奇心强、观察敏锐,在教学过程中还可以插入学生自己动手的小实验模拟地球的自转。
新课标对本节课的要求是:分析地球自转的意义
根据新课标和本节课的教学内容,我制定了以下教学目标: 学生能够模拟地球的自转
学生能够用自己的话概括出自转的意义
基于以上对教材的分析,在教学中我突出直观教学,主要采用演示法和情境法。利用地球仪等教具动手演示,将难以观测和想像的地理过程模拟出来,既激发学生兴趣,又形象生动;通过合理创设一些情境,设计恰当的问题,使学生产生强烈的学习愿望。
我的整个教学过程可以分为:设问质疑,导入新课——类比情景,剖析问题——创设情景,总结归纳三个环节,首先我们来看第一个环节:
设问质疑,导入新课——
在课堂上我会这样问同学们:地球的形状(两极稍扁、赤道略鼓形的球体)为什么不是正球形?“坐地日行八万里,巡天遥看一千河”该怎样解释?从而导入新课。 类比情景,剖析问题—— 对于第一部分,我将从方向、周期和速度三方面来讲述地球自转特点。通过让学生拨动地球仪来得出地球自转方向是自西向东的,然后我边用地球仪演示地球自转边提问:从北极南极上空看,地球自转方向怎样。这样做能使学生全面认识地球自转方向,为能分析各种地球运转示意图打好基础。
在讲述自转周期时,涉及到恒星日和太阳日的差别,由于这个问题较抽象,所以我采用多媒体课件进行演示说明。学生观看完课间后我提出问题:假如今晚八时在某有一位置看到某颗恒星,明晚要在同一位置看到同一颗星,应在什么时刻去看?以这样一个贴近生活的问题检测学生对该知识点的掌握程度。多设计一些比较贴近学生生活的,有亲合力的话题,让学生展开讨论,调动他们的生活积累,引发共鸣,由已知引出未知。
在讲解地球自转速度时,通过介绍自转的概念,由学生自己计算得出角速度大小,这样可加深理解。在介绍线速度概念后,显示线速度示意图,由学生得出线速度随纬度变化的规律。此时可回应导入新课时提出的问题。最后通过提问两极角速度和线速度怎样,加以巩固。 至此,可通过列表的方式,由学生自己归纳,从上述三方面来对地球自转特点作一小结。
创设情境,总结归纳——
我将创设情境进入新课第二部分,地球自转的地理意义。通过情境一—人们日出而作、日落而息的作息时间,得出意义一:昼夜交替现象的产生;通过情境二,炮弹偏离目标来说明第二大意义:水平运动物体会受到地转偏向力的作用;情境三宾馆里的时钟显示不同时刻,得出第三个意义:同一时刻,不同经度的地方具有不同的地方时。通过这三个贴近生活的情境,使学生此时强烈的学习愿望,主动探索问题的实质。
为了验证自转的存在,我会让同学们自己动脑创建可以证明自转存在的试验,比如 先用一只脸盆装满水,放在水平且不易振动的地方,待水静止后,轻轻放下一根木质细牙签,并在牙签的一端做一个记号,记住牙签的位置,过几个小时后再去看时你就会发现,牙签已经转动了一定角度。
。从学生日常的生活和平时感兴趣的话题入手,激发学生的学习兴趣,兴趣是最好的老师,它可以丰富学生的知识,提高学生自主学习的能力。
本节为完成上面的教学目标设计了不同的教学模块,从“是什么”到“为什么”,遵循了学生的认知规律,将其与学生的求知欲望紧密结合在一起,教师在这个过程中扮演的是学生的助学者,任务的设计者和组织者,完成任务的监督者,是学生学习过程中的“伙伴”,实现教与学的互动,教师引导学生,学生启发教师,最终实现教学相长。
我的说课就到这里,谢谢大家。
旅游地理说课稿篇四
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旅游地理说课稿篇五
各位老师:大家好!
今天我要为大家说的课题是《埃及》,这一课题选自湘教版的义务教育教科书《地理》七年级下册的第八章第二节,适用于七年级学生学习使用。
1、教材所处的地位和作用:
首先,我对本节教材进行一些分析:本节教材主要讲述了四方面的内容:地跨两洲、沙漠广布、发展中的工农业、富有特色的旅游业。各部分内容联系紧密,脉络清晰。在此之前,学生已学习了非洲和西亚的知识,为过渡到本节的学习起着铺垫作用。本节内容是在世界区域地理之中,占据了不容忽视的低位,以及为其他学科和今后高中地理的学习打下基础,起着承上启下的作用。
2、教育教学目标:
根据上述教材分析,考虑到七年级学生已有的认知结构和心理特征,我制定了如下教学目标:
(1)知识目标:通过读图,使学生认识埃及重要的地理位置和地理特征;通过讨论分析,使学生理解并分析尼罗河和苏伊士运河对埃及经济文化发展的影响。
(2)能力目标:进一步培养学生概括国家区域地理特征的能力及读图能力。重点培养学生读国家图并进行综合分析的能力。
(3)思想目标:通过分析尼罗河对埃及经济文化发展的重要作用,以及埃及人民对尼罗河的利用改造,向学生进行因地制宜、合理利用自然资源的教育。
3、重点,难点以及确定的依据:
根据教学大纲和教学目标的要求,我将埃及重要的地理位置、经济特点确立为教学重点,因为只有掌握了它的地理位置才能理解和掌握其气候、文化、工农业等方面的内容。尼罗河对埃及文化及经济发展的影响既是教学重点,亦为教学难点,这一内容比较抽象,学生没有这方面的基础知识,另一原因是七年级学生年龄小,解决实际问题能力弱,对理论联系实际的问题的理解难度大,他们综合分析地理事物的能力较差,分析事物缺乏全面性。
为了讲清重难点,使学生能达到本节课设定的教学目标,我在教学过程中主要采用读图指导法、谈话法和讨论法相结合的启发式教学方法,指导学生通过阅读课本、地图 ,结合议、讲、练等多种形式,创设情景,设疑解疑,引发他们的积极思维和乐于观察实际的学习习惯,共同探索得出有关埃及的地理位置、自然环境、地理特征等知识点。坚持“以学生为主体,以教师为主导”的原则安排教学,在采用问答法时,特别注重不同难度的问题,提问不同层次的学生,面向全体,使基础差的学生也能有表现的机会,培养其自信心,激发学习热情,有效地开发各层次学生的潜在智能,力求使每个学生都能在原有的基础上得到发展。在教学手段的运用上,运用多媒体进行教学,吸引学生注意力,增强教学效果。
我们常说“现代的文盲不是不懂字的人,而是没有掌握学习方法的人”,因而,我在教学过程中特别重视学法的指导,让学生从机械的“学答”向“学会”转变,成为真正的学习的主人。本节课主要采取思考评价法、分析归纳法、自主探究法、总结反思法。总之,在教学中抓住中学生好动、好奇、好表现、注意力易分散的年龄特点,一方面要运用直观生动的形象引发兴趣,使他们的注意力始终集中在课堂上;另一方面要创造条件和机会,让学生发表见解,发挥学习的主动性。
在这节课的教学过程中,我注重突出重点,条理清晰、紧凑、合理,各项活动的安排也注重互动、交流,最大限度的调动学生参与课堂的积极性、主动性。我把本课确定为新授课型,一个课时,采用了下列教学程序:
1.创设情景,导入新课。
古代有一个国家,国王认为死后保存完整的尸体,灵魂就可以做阴间的统治者。于是他们不惜劳民伤财,为自己死后保存尸体而建造陵墓,这些巨大的方锥形的陵墓,最高的竟达146.6米,这些陵墓象征了他们的地位与财富。因为它们的形状像汉字的“金”字,所以我们中国一般称之为金字塔,今天,让我们走进这个神秘的金字塔王国——埃及。设置悬念,增加学生探究学习埃及的动力。
2、自主学习,合作探究。
(一)埃及的地理位置
联系图象,展开教学。从埃及地形图入手,设置四个疑问,引导学生从地图中找出有关埃及的领土、地理位置、交通要道等知识点。
(1) 仔细观察埃及的轮廓,它位于什么大洲?
(2) 苏伊士运河是哪两个大洲的分界线?属不属于埃及?
(3) 埃及主体部分位于什么洲?另一部分呢?叫什么名称?
(4)埃及的纬度位置及海陆位置如何?
这四个疑问层层深入,环环相扣,对零散的知识进行了梳理,学生能理解课文中思考题:埃及地理位置的重要战略意义。引导学生自己从苏伊士运河的重要性上来分析回答问题,培养了学生逻辑思维能力和语言组织、表达能力。对于城市部分只要点到为止即可。
(二)沙漠广布
此知识可采用追问的方式引导启发学生层层深入,探究问题。
从图8-13中我们能够发现,埃及全境90%以上是沙漠,是一个名副其实的沙漠之国,沙漠的名称是什么?(撒哈拉沙漠)为什么多沙漠?(与气候有关)什么气候?(大部分属热带沙漠气候,北部地中海沿岸属地中海气候)什么特征?(热带沙漠气候终年炎热干燥,地中海气候夏季炎热干燥,冬季温和多雨。总的说埃及终年炎热,干燥少雨。)
(承转)由于埃及境内大部分地区是沙漠,因此淡水对埃及有相当大的作用,埃及之所以能成为世界文明古国与流经的尼罗河密切相关,有人说,“没有尼罗河就没有埃及的文明”,所以讲埃及,就要从尼罗河说起。
阅读课本p78页尼罗河资料,讨论埃及人为什么称尼罗河为“生命之河”? 引出对“尼罗河的赠礼”、埃及主要的经济特征、苏伊士运河等重点内容的讨论、分析,重点点拨,深入理解。采用“看——议——讲”相结合的方法,学生分组讨论,老师巡视给予指导,并最后共同总结:
(1)尼罗河对于埃及农业的影响。古埃及,尼罗河定期泛滥,河水泛滥后,从尼罗河上游会带向下游很多肥沃的土壤,当尼罗河水退去时,这些肥沃的土壤就是对埃及人最大的恩赐。
(2)城市和人口分布上,埃及主要城市分布,就是分布在尼罗河流域两岸,以及红海地中海沿岸,其他的地方,大多数是沙漠,没有水源,无法生存,这也是埃及人一条生命的长廊!
(3)尼罗河的运输作用。古代金字塔的建造,现代石油棉花的运输,游客的流动都依赖尼罗河。
(4)尼罗河的水利作用。尼罗河可以灌溉农田,然后一点最主要建造了一个阿斯旺大水坝。埃及现在的电力,84%都是由这个大坝供应的。(这个大坝是世界上最大的高坝工程之一,曾经是埃及民众和政府的骄傲。它将尼罗河拦腰切断,在高坝内形成了非洲最大的人工湖----纳赛尔水库。建造这个大坝,也给埃及人带来的负面影响,其中之一就是阿布辛贝神庙,从底处切割平移到了一个比原来地址高200多米的地方。)
(三)发展中的工农业
学生自己看书,说出埃及国民经济的主要部门是什么?埃及重要的经济作物是什么?主要分布在哪里?
(1)读图8—18,找出埃及的长绒棉分布有什么特点?为什么会这样? 教法探讨:回忆埃及的气候特点和地形特点,让学生明白尼罗河谷地和三角洲的自然条件很适宜棉花喜光耗水的特点。因此,在有尼罗河水灌溉的地方就有棉花的种植。这样,就得出埃及棉花种植区的分布特点。
(2)读图8-18,从中找出埃及矿产资源的分布,特别是石油资源的分布特点。
(四)富有特色的旅游业
埃及之所以成为四大文明古国之一,是因为它保存有众多的历史遗迹和灿烂的古代文化,你能分别列举一些吗?此处教师可补充相关内容,例如象形字、太阳历来历等,开阔学生的视野,丰富课外知识。
(1)读图8—21,你知道埃及有哪些著名的文物和古迹?它们的分布有什么特征?培养学生读图看图用图的能力,以及综合分析地理事物的能力。
(2)你认为游览埃及的主要景点应选择的最适宜的交通工具是什么?让学生联系生活实际,从学生的生活体验入手,使学生在自主探究、合作交流的过程中发现问题、解决问题,在问题的分析与解决中主动构建知识,从中也体现出了地理来源于生活,又服务于生活的观念。
小结并承转到第四个部分的学习,正是埃及众多的历史遗迹和灿烂的古代文化,使埃及成为四大文明古国之一,吸引着来自世界各地大量的寻幽访古的游客。 (过渡语)埃及古代文明里不开尼罗河水的滋润,把尼罗河称为埃及人民的母亲河实不为过。尼罗河不仅养育了古代埃及人,它也是现代埃及经济发展的浇灌者。
3、学以致用, 拓展延伸。
课下办一期有关“金字塔之国”的手抄报,向家人和朋友介绍埃及。
4、总结梳理 ,归纳方法。
有两条河对于埃及特别重要:苏伊士运河、尼罗河。首先这两条河的位置一定要落实到图上。通过苏伊士运河我们可以了解到埃及地理位置的重要性,通过尼罗河可以想到埃及的历史文明和现代经济的发展。因此,抓住重点,以点带面就能很好地掌握本节知识,也将课堂传授的知识尽快地转化为学生的素质,同时强化了记忆。
五 、板书设计:
一、地理位置——地跨两洲
1、亚洲与非洲、大西洋与印度洋之间的交通要道——苏伊士运河
2、民族、宗教、语言、首都开罗
二、沙漠广布
1、沙漠之国——热带沙漠气候为主
2、尼罗河
三、文明古国
1、历史遗迹:金字塔、狮身人面像
2、古代文化:象形文字、天文历法
四、发展中的工农业。
1、工业成为经济中的主要部门
2、农业集中于尼罗河谷地和三角洲
3、长绒棉产量和出口量居世界首位
我利用纲目式板书,直观系统及时地体现了教材中的知识点,以便于学生能够理解掌握。
六、布置作业:
最后布置作业,课后完成填充图册埃及的内容,对于学有余力的学生,可完成成长资源上的习题,从而达到拔尖和减负的目的。
我的说课完毕,请各位老师给予指点和评价,谢谢大家。
旅游地理说课稿篇六
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旅游地理说课稿篇七
(一)教材的前后联系和所处的地位。
《俄罗斯》是初中地理第二册第十五章《欧洲东部和北部》第二节的内容,第二节概括阐明了俄罗斯的自然地理特征和主要人文地理特征,讲述了九个问题它的作用主要是承上。利用已学的经纬度知识阅读出俄罗斯大致的经纬度,利用已学的等高线图上的高度表和五种地形,读出俄罗斯的主要地形。气候的形成原因,主要从纬度位置,海陆位置这两个影响俄罗斯气候的主要因素出发。
明确俄罗斯的气候温带大陆性气候为主,在此基础上进一步认识俄罗斯各地气候的差异。利用大洲的界限知识掌握俄罗斯是地跨亚欧两洲的欧洲国家。丰富的自然资源,可结合已经学过的知识。明确俄罗斯煤,铁,石油资源在世界上名列前茅。本章在此将知识进一步巩固。对这部分知识的学习不仅是知识的深化和扩展更重要的是读图、分析能力和知识迁移能力的培养和提高。
(二)教学目标的确定。
1、知识目标:
(1)俄罗斯是地跨欧亚两洲的世界上面积最大的国家,也是传统上的欧洲国家;掌握俄罗斯的气候和地形的主要特征以及丰富的自然资源。
(2)了解俄罗斯具有丰富的煤,铁,石油等资源。是工农业生产发达的经济大国;掌握工业区的分布和主要工业部门。
(3)了解俄罗斯内河航运,铁路和海上交通的基本状况。掌握和记忆主要的港口和西伯利亚大铁路及重要的城市。
2、能力目标:
(1)得分分析:一个国家的地理特征主要从自然条件和经济状况两个方面来分析。
(2)综合分析说明欧洲和北亚的气候特征及其成因。
(3)综合分析俄罗斯工业建立的基础和地区分布和日本有何区别。
3、情感目标:通过俄罗斯自然资源和人文知识的了解。使学生用辨证的一分为二的观念来看待问题。
(三)教学难点的分析和突破。
1、重点。
(1)北亚的位置:
北亚全部为俄罗斯所占,大部分为中高纬度其决定了俄罗斯的自然景观和农业生产的特点。
(2)俄罗斯的面积:
俄罗斯地跨欧亚两洲的世界上面积最的国家,通过读图明确乌拉尔山和高加索山脉这是欧亚两洲的界限。为说明俄罗斯在传统上是一个欧洲国家打下基础。
(3)俄罗斯的气候:
从俄罗斯的纬度位置和海陆位置来分析其气候特点。“冬季漫长而严寒,夏季短促而温暖”在此基础上进一步说明。东部平面西部深受大西洋影响,气候温和是温带大陆性气候;而西部西伯利亚地区常受北极地区寒冷气流的影响是北半球的寒极;北冰洋沿岸是终年严寒的极地苔原气候,东部太平洋沿海地区有小部分温带季风气候使学生认识气候分布的明显地区差异。
(4)俄罗斯的矿产资源与重工业为主的工业:
读俄罗斯矿产分布图结合工业区的分布。可以使学生理解资源与工业的关系及建立的基础与地区分布和日本的差异。让学生认识到俄罗斯的工业主要上建立在本国丰富的矿产资源的基础上且以重工业为主。
2、难点:
经济发展的地区差异性:主要从农业,工业的分布,历史的,人口的分布,交通运输网的疏密来分析得出俄罗斯西部地区经济发达,人口稠密而东部地区经济较西部地区落后,人口稀少。
本科题教学为一个课时本节棵总的指导思想是在教师的引导下启发学生思考与回顾已有的地理知识相联系。
(一)对学生情况的了解:
用综合分析的方法。分区地理知识我们前面已讲过,一个国家的地理特征主要从自然条件和经济状况两个方面来分析这个能力尚未完全建立。这节课的内容较多应当突出重点,实现深化提高的目标。
(二)学习本章知识应当注意的问题。
1、本章各知识点之间有着密切的因果关系,学习时千万不能割裂开来,要学会分析、推理的思维方式。
2、北亚位置和范围的知识点要注意引导学生学习有序的说明范围方法。例如由东向西(由西向东,自北向南,自南向北)。
3、俄罗斯气候特点,通过读图,纬度位置,海陆位置,地形,洋流等方法分析为什么这样。
(三)课堂练习设计:
1、选择题难度适中主要是为了检查学生的基础知识重点难点的理解程度,适用于大部分学生。
2、读图题是对本课知识的利用,注重知识的迁移能力及知识的前后联系,有点难度所以重点讲解。
(四)说教学过程:
本节课的教学程序是“教师引导(设置问题)——归纳总结——知识反馈运用。
(五)说板书设计:
主观上:学生获得知识提高综合能力。
客观上:对所学习的知识一目了然,便于更好的掌握知识。
旅游地理说课稿篇八
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旅游地理说课稿篇九
1、教材地位与作用:本节内容与日常生活紧密相关,是地理高中阶段要求掌握的重点内容,也是历年高考命题中常见的内容之一,同时由于受学生年龄特点的限制,难点也较多。学好本节内容将有助于学生解决日常生活中的一些地理现象,达到学以致用的目的。
2、教学目标:
(一)知识目标
⑴了解正午太阳高度、四季、五带等基本概念
⑵理解昼夜长短和正午太阳高度的季节变化规律和纬度变化规律
⑶理解四季、五带的形成和划分
(二)能力目标:
⑴能准确地画出和识读“二分二至日太阳照射地球的示意图”,并能说明地球上不同地带在不同季节昼夜长短和正午太阳高度的大小及季节变化状况。
⑵培养学生读图分析问题的能力,提高学生空间立体思维能力
(三)德育目标:
培养学生辨证唯物主义思想观,理解事物之间是联系、发展变化的。
3、教学重、难点及依据:
由于昼夜长短和正午太阳高度有规律的变化是形成四季、五带的原因,同时又是高考命题的重点内容之一,因此,昼夜长短和正午太阳高度的变化规律是本节内容的教学重点,又因为学生在学习中涉及到太阳直射点南北移动、晨昏线的倾斜等空间想象,而绝大部分学生初中地理基础差,空间想象力薄弱,所以理解和掌握昼夜长短和正午太阳高度的变化规律又是本节内容的教学难点。
1、 多媒体演示法。由于本节内容比较抽象,对学生的空间思维能力要求比较高,而传统的教学方法很难去展示地球的空间运动,为了贯彻新课程改革理念,充分利用课程资源,我这节课将利用多媒体动画来展示地球的运动,通过这样的一个展现可以生动形象地使学生获得连续、动态、真实的感性材料,化静为动,化抽象为具体,使学生更好地、更形象直观地去认知地球的空间运动,从而能够更好地掌握地球运动带来的地理现象,有效突破难点。
2、探究法。通过探究活动培养学生发散思维和综合思维能力。
3、归纳推导法。通过归纳总结帮助学生完成由感性到理性的认知过程。
(1)读图分析法。学生通过读图分析掌握理解昼夜长短和正午太阳高度的变化规律,同时能加强学生读图分析问题的能力。
(2)自学法。学生在教师的引导下自主学习,提高自主学习的能力。
(3)讨论法。通过讨论让学生积极参与课堂,相互交流学习,得出结论。
(一)、导入新课:问题导入,通过提问:“进入秋季了,昼夜长短和前段时间有什么变化?”等与日常生活紧密相关的问题导入新课,吸引学生的注意,激发学生的求知欲,调动学生的参与意识。
(二)、新课教学
1、昼夜长短的变化
(1)首先让学生观看在北半球任取的一地点p随地球自转一周的动画,比较p点位于昼半球和夜半球的时间长短,通过这一动画演示来使学生掌握判断一地昼夜长短的方法,即只要判断所求地昼弧与夜弧的长短即可。
(2)用多媒体展示图组“二分二至日太阳照射地球的光照图”,让学生读图分析二分二至日全球昼夜长短随纬度的变化情况,为调动学生积极参与,我将通过提问来督促促使。分析完昼夜长短的纬度变化规律后,播放全球昼夜长短随太阳直射点移动而变化的动画,让学生观察动画分析昼夜长短的季节变化规律,最后归纳总结出昼夜长短的变化规律,并补充昼长、夜长的计算方法及日出、日落时间的计算方法。之后展示几个相关的练习题叫学生课堂上完成,做到当堂训练,及时反馈,便于学生自查和教师了解学生对重点知识的掌握情况。
(3)讲完这部分内容后布置一个探究活动,即南极圈内地区与北极圈内地区相比,其同纬度地区的极昼、极夜天数是否一样长,为什么?
(4)由于课本上没有昼夜长短的动态变化图,为便于学生课后复习,可以演示动画留下课件。
1、 正午太阳高度的变化
(1)首先通过提问“一天中有几个太阳高度?何时太阳高度最大?”来帮助学生理解正午太阳高度的概念。然后展示图组“二分二至日正午太阳高度示意图”和全球正午太阳高度的季节变化动态图,引导学生观察和分析正午太阳高度随纬度的分布规律及随季节的变化规律,然后归纳总结出正午太阳高度的变化规律。
(2)补充某地正午太阳高度的计算方法,之后展示几个练习让学生当堂训练加以巩固。
(3)补充正午太阳高度在日常生活中的应用,如热水器安装问题、建楼楼距问题等。
3、四季和五带的划分
由于此部分内容比较简单,学生可以自学完成目标,为加深对概念的理解和加强知识的体系性我设计了下面几个问题:
(1)四季的划分依据是什么?若黄赤交角不存在还有四季吗?
(2)五带的划分界限和划分依据是什么?若黄赤交角增大或减小3度,五带将会发生怎样的变化?
4、课堂小结
课堂小结可以利用知识结构图(图见板书设计)把地球自转和公转产生黄赤交角到四季五带形成复述一遍,这样既可以把前面所学的知识纳入知识体系中,又可以帮助学生理解昼夜长短和正午太阳高度变化、四季与五带形成的根源所在。
地球公转的地理意义
一、昼夜长短的变化
1、昼夜长短的判断
2、昼夜长短的变化规律
二、午太阳高度的变化
1、正午太阳高度的概念
2、正午太阳高度的变化规律
3 、正午太阳高度的计算
4、正午太阳高度的应用
三、四季、五带的划分
1、四季的划分
2、五带的划分
旅游地理说课稿篇十
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旅游地理说课稿篇十二
各位评委老师:
下午好!
现在开始我的说课,今天,我说课的内容是:地势起伏大,长河众多。
根据新课标的理念,对于本节课,我将以教什么、怎样教、为什么这样教为思路,从教材分析、教学目标、教学方法、教学过程等几个方面加以说明。
【过渡句】教材分析是上好一堂课的前提条件,在正式内容开始之前,我要先谈一谈对教材的理解。
地势起伏大,长河众多是《亚洲的自然环境》这一节中第一部分的知识,主要为学生介绍了我们所生活的大洲——亚洲的地形和河流以及地形对河流的影响。本节内容是在认识了亚洲的位置和范围基础之上,对亚洲自然环境更深入地学习,而更为核心的目标是能够建立其分析一个地区地形和水系特点的一般方法,不论从知识层面还是生活层面,本课内容的学习都有重要的`意义。
【过渡句】合理把握学情是上好一堂课的基础,本次课所面对的学生群体具有以下特点:
本课内容围绕我们所生活的亚洲进行学习,学生有一定的知识储备,但在系统分析亚洲自然地理环境的能力上有所欠缺,因此这也是本课教学的一个重点。在教学过程中,我需要注意学生良好学习习惯的养成,使学生了解如何分析一个区域的自然环境要素。
本阶段的学生好动、好奇、好表现,抓住学生这些特点,教学中积极采用形象生动、形式多样的教学方法和学生广泛的、积极主动参与的学习方式,定能激发学生兴趣,有效地培养学生能力,促进学生个性发展。
【过渡句】根据新课程标准、教材特点、学生实际,我确定了如下教学目标:
1、能够说出经度和纬度的分布规律,并且能快速找出特殊的经线和纬线。能用经纬网确定任意点的位置。
2、通过观察地球仪,认识到经度与纬度的特点,提高用经纬网进行定位的能力。
3、开展实验活动,获得地理问题的兴趣和动机,养成求真、求实的科学态度。
【过渡句】根据学生现有的知识储备和知识点本身的难易程度,学生很难建构知识点之间的联系,这也确定了本节课的重点、难点为:
重点:经度与纬度的识别、用经纬网确定任意地点的位置。
难点:用经纬网确定任意点的位置以及书写规范。
【过渡句】为了突出教学重点,突破教学难点,顺利达成教学目标,我主要采用以下几种方法:
地图法、谈话法、对比法。
环节一:导入新课
通过谚语“人往高处走,水往低处流”导入,首先让学生解释这句谚语的含义,之后点出其中包含了两个非常重要的地理要素:一个是地形、一个是河流。由此引出本节课对亚洲的地形和河流的探讨。
【设计意图】采用大家熟悉的名言俗语,能够拉近地理课堂与生活之间的联系,激发学生学习地理学科的兴趣。导入结束后从地理学角度提出本课重要的两项要素,把导入和本课内容紧密挂钩。
环节二:新课教学
1、亚洲地形特点
在学习亚洲的地形特点的时候,我采用地图法进行教学,在多媒体上展示“亚洲地形图”,引导学生在规定的要求下进行读图分析。
【活动一:知地形】
①展示“亚洲的地形”图,复习“分层设色地形图”的相关知识,让学生在读图时有意识地关注各地形区的海拔高度。接着,我会设置活动,要求学生在三分钟内对照图例查找以下地形区(高原:青藏高原,帕米尔高原,中西伯利亚高原,伊朗高原,德干高原;平原:西西伯利亚平原,东北平原,华北平原,印度河平原,恒河平原;山地:东西伯利亚山地,喜马拉雅山脉及其最高峰珠穆朗玛峰),读取海拔信息,并尝试记忆它们在亚洲所处的位置。
②请大家根据相应提示,我读出一个地形区,学生举手抢答,第一举手的同学,将代表该地形区的“名称条”和“高度条”标在黑板上地形图中。完成活动后用珠穆朗玛的和死海的高差来讲解地势的概念。
【设计意图】通过抢答游戏,让学生在问题的牵引下进行学习和讨论,能够提高学习的效率。
【活动二:说见闻】
在熟悉了亚洲主要地形区的基础上,我会出示沿着80°e和30°n作的亚洲地形剖面图,安排学生前后四位为一小组,按照如下分工完成活动:组号为单号的按照情境1进行,双号的按照情境2进行。
情境1:你们小组自北向南沿80°e经线在亚洲陆地上旅行;
情境2:你们小组从西到东沿30°n纬线在亚洲陆地上旅行。
并要求学生思考:一路上你们会依次经过哪些地形区?它们海拔多少?请讨论后用流畅的语言与同学们分享大家在这条线上对地势变化的感受。
学生活动后可以总结出:亚洲地形特点为地势起伏大,中部高、四周低。
【设计意图】通过自主分析、小组合作,能够锻炼学生的合作交流能力,同时地图法的运用不仅能够锻炼学生读图析图的能力,同时还能够有利的解决本节课的重难点。
地形特点已经总结出来,我会利用导入时候的谚语“水往低处流”来引发学生思考亚洲的河流特点,以及地形对河流的影响。通过这样的过渡将学生的思维牵引到本节课的第二个知识点。
2、亚洲河流特点
【活动三:识河流】
再次出示“亚洲的地形”图,请学生在图中描画出以下四组河流,观察并总结其流向特点。
a、鄂毕河,叶尼塞河,勒拿河;(北冰洋)自南向北流
b、黑龙江,黄河,长江,湄公河;(太平洋)自西向东
c、恒河,印度河;(印度河)自北向南
d、锡尔河,阿姆河;自东向西
当学生找到并准确说出一条河流的流向特点时,我会在请同学们用彩笔在地图中标注出来,当所有河流都找到后,提出问题:亚洲河流的流向有什么特点?
之后我会根据学生的回答进行总结——亚洲的河流特点为呈放射状,从中部流向四周。
3、地形对河流流向的影响
知道了地形得特征和河流的特征,我会引导学生思考地形对河流的流向有怎样的影响?我会根据学生的回答进行总结之后总结地形与河流的关系为:
地形特点:中部高,四周低
↓
河流特点:呈放射状,从中部流向四周
【设计意图】让学生学会知识的迁移和运用,并关注身边的地理问题,加强对其的认知与探索。同时还能够做到前后一致,解决导入环节所设置的疑问。
环节三:巩固拓展
拓展:分析某一大洲的自然环境,我们的思路应该是怎么样的?
分析某大洲自然环境特征的方法:
1、读图、文等资料了解自然环境中地形、河流等的概况;
2、能总结该大洲地形、河流等自然要素的特点;
3、综合分析地形、河流等自然要素之间的相互关系。
【设计意图】通过前面的学习,让学生归纳出探究某一地区自然环境的方法思路,能够提升学生透过现象认识本质的能力和学会知识的迁移。
环节四:小结作业
小结:这节课我们分析了亚洲的地形特点、河流特点,老师希望大家在之后的学习过程中,既能认识到水往低处流在亚洲的体现和原因,也能真正做到人往高处走,不断的攀登,永不停息。
作业:北美洲的地形和河流分别有什么特点?两者的相互关系又是怎样呢?
【设计意图】小结与导入“人往高处走,水往低处流”相呼应,前后呼应使课堂为一个有机整体,课堂更具有生命力,也达到了在情感态度价值观方面得以升华的目的。作业是利用前面总结的方法,学习另外一个地区,提高知识的迁移的能力和举一反三的能力。
板书设计略过
旅游地理说课稿篇十三
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旅游地理说课稿篇十四
本节课内容是在学习了人类对宇宙的认识、多层次的天体系统基础上,从地球在宇宙天体系统中的地位和行星特点这两个角度去认识地球的普通性,而地球的特殊性表现在地球上具有生命物质,生命物质存在的条件是三个“金锁链条件”。
城市的学生通过电视、电影等科幻影片了解到一些有关宇宙的零碎知识,甚至对一些科幻情节(像外星人阿凡达)信以为真,他们对有关宇宙中生命存在的形式和条件等知识充满了幻想、好奇、渴望,本节课我将通过激发学生的兴趣引导学生探究为什么地球是太阳系中一颗普通而特殊的行星。
1。知识与技能目标
利用资料证明地球是太阳系中一颗既普通又特殊的行星,理解地球上存在生命物质的原因。
2。过程与方法目标
○1。阅读“太阳系模式图”,归纳八大行星绕日公转的共同特点来佐证地球是一颗普通的行星。
○2。运用相关学科知识,从温度、水、大气等方面,分析地球上存在生命物质的条件,逆推地球上能形成生命的原因。并以小组讨论的形式,提出在宇宙中寻找外星人的依据。
3。情感态度与价值观目标
○1。通过了解地球所处的宇宙环境,树立宇宙是物质的科学宇宙观。破除迷信,反对邪教。
○2。通过科幻影片中外星人的探讨活动,一方面激发学生探究地理问题的兴趣,体验自主、合作、创新探究过程和团队意识。另一方面,培育珍惜、爱护人类共同的家园――“只有一个地球”的意识,增强关注人类未来生存空间的责任感。
○3。通过认识地球是太阳系中一颗既普通又特殊的行星,确立任何事物发展都有其普遍性和特殊性的观点。
(教师过渡:通过对教学目标的分析,根据教材和授课对象的特点,确定本节的教学重难点为)
4。教学重点:地球上生命存在的条件及原因。
5。 教学难点:地球上生命存在的原因。
(教师过渡:那么运用哪些方法和手段才能够更好的解决教学重难点内容呢?接下来我说说教法选择及学法指导)
1。 说教法
教无定法,应“以学定法”,这是新课程“以人为本”的教育思想的体现。以此为出发点,根据教学内容的特点和学生年龄特征,本节课主要采用以下教学方法:
(1)、小组合作学习:通过五个学习活动揭示地球上生命物质存在的“金锁链条件”以及日地距离、地球体积质量大小、公转自转的周期的长短对“金锁链条件”形成的影响。
(2)、情境教学法:展示太阳系运动示意图,让学生从地球的形状、运动特征分析得出地球是一颗普通的行星。
2、 说学法
“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”,本节课主要从以下几个方面渗透学法:
(1)、图表探究:学生通过阅读“太阳系的行星基本数据”和“太阳系示意图”分析 “金锁链条件”的形成。培养学生从各种地理图像中获取地理信息的能力。
(2)、合作探究:课前收集有关行星的基本数据、环境特征以及地球的相关资料,上课时分小组讨论,进一步加深理解地球存在生命的条件及原因。通过小组讨论、小组活动,培养学生的互动能力,使学生学会合作学习。
(教师过渡:下面我将重点说说具体的教学过程)
我直接切入主题进入新课的学习
活动一:多媒体展示太阳系八大行星自转公转的运动示意图(上堂课已经阅读过),让学生进一步思考行星的形状、运动特征,能否发光发热,分析归纳地球与其他行星的共同特征,从而得出地球是太阳系中一颗普通的行星。这样,通过创设符合教学内容要求的情境和提示新旧知识之间联系的线索,帮助学生构建当前所要学习的知识。
活动二:展示美国科幻片《阿凡达》当中有关的图片,设疑:真的有生命出现在地球之外的潘多拉星球吗?
生命物质存在需要哪些基本的条件呢?展示南北两极白雪皑皑的景观图片、高大雪山的图片、热带沙漠地区干旱的景观图片、中纬度湿润的沿海平原景观,前面三张图片与中纬度湿润的沿海平原景观相比较,同学们觉得造成景观迥异的自然条件是什么?通过观察、读图分析比较,由感性认识上升到理性认识,得出三个“金锁链条件”的结论。
活动三:展示地球宇宙环境中太阳的稳定性、安全性的材料以及地球与其他行星运行轨道特点,让学生共同讨论:
○1、假如太阳光照变得不稳定或者太阳突然消失,地球上将会出现怎样的情形?并对你的答案做出解释。
○2、太阳系行星的公转运动有什么特点?对地球上生命形成有什么影响?
通过学生的合作讨论,培养学生的合作精神和语言组织能力,归纳得出地球上生命存在的外部条件是稳定的太阳辐射和地球安全的运行轨道。
活动四:阅读太阳系行星基本数据表,小组通过数据对比讨论分析:
○1、地球的体积和质量(与水星、金星相比)对“金锁链条件”的形成有什么影响?
○2、 如果日地距离太远或太近(与水星金星、天王星海王星相比),情况会怎么样?
○3、地球上有适宜的温度,除日地距离外还有什么原因(提示:从地球自转和公转的周期、大气层等角度分析)?
○4、如果地球人要“移民”到其它行星,你认为哪颗行星最合适?说明理由。(我先收集有关太阳系中最有可能适宜生命存在的行星或卫星)
通过合作学习、问题探究和资料的收集分析,强化了学生学习的过程和方法,揭示了地球上存在生命物质条件的形成原因。
活动五:展示大气污染图片、水污染图片、全球变暖导致的气候恶化的图片(如洪涝、干旱等),同学们思考来之不易的“金锁链条件”正在发生怎样的变化?
师生共同归纳提高 :引导学生用历史唯物主义的观点去看待地球上生命物质存在的“金锁链条件”即地球上存在生命物质具有一定的历史性,翻开地球生命物质孕育发展的进化史,人们不难发现从时间的角度看地球有悠久的过去,生物的出现和进化只是其中的一小段,而人类历史更是短暂的一瞬,地球上还有漫长的未来,现今适应生物生存的条件在若干千年、万年后将走向何方?还将由许多目前人类还无法确定的因素所决定,但有一点肯定是无疑的,那就是人为原因造成的环境恶化将是人类生存环境受严重威胁,处理不当,导致地球生命物质存在条件的缺失或消失,直至生物从地球上消失。让我们一起更加珍惜和保护来之不易的”金锁链条件”。
作业布置:阅读关于火星人的科幻小说,参考深空探测活动的新闻报道,说明火星人可能存在的生命形式。

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