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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇一
1.积累词语,掌握“蹲踞、酬和、熹微、譬喻、淳朴”等词的读音、字形、词义,学习运用“即物起兴、引经据典、悠游自在、龙吟凤哕”等成语。
2.了解沈从文及其创作概况。
3.了解云南的歌会,感受当地浓郁的民情民风。
1.朗读课文,整体把握文意,领会文中流露的作者的思想感情。
2.揣摩品味文中重要的词语和句子,领略文中优美的意境,感受浓郁的民间文化气息。
3.延伸拓展,横向比较,体味各地民谣民歌,加深对课文的理解,引导学生从课内延伸到课外,从教室走向社会,增加知识储备。
引导学生感受文中作者对自然、对人、对艺术的品味与赞赏之情,激励学生关注生活,思考生活,欣赏生活,热爱生活。
1.揣摩课文所写的三种场合中唱歌的不同情景,体会内容和写法上的差异。
2.领略文中优美的意境,理解体会作者的思想情感。
揣摩语言,品味文中人物描写和景物描写的精妙。
1.情景教学法。
2.朗读法。这是一篇极富情趣的散文,生活的美好、人生的美好从作者抒情的笔调中汩汩流淌。教师宜引导学生反复朗读,用心品味,让学生与文本直接对话,与作者直接交流。
3.讨论点拨法。
4.延伸拓展法。
教具准备:多媒体、录音机、示范朗读磁带、歌带
课时安排:1课时
[教学要点]
朗读课文,积累词语,整体感知文意,把握文中三个唱歌场面的内容与特点,感受文中浓郁的民风民情;深入研读,把握主旨;赏玩品味,揣摩语言,探究文中优美的意境,学习人物描写、景物描写的技巧;延伸拓展,沟通课堂内外。
[教学步骤]
一、导语设计
1.导语
设计(一)
沈从文先生是从湘西地区的灵山秀水中走出来的,因而一直自称是“乡下人”的“京派”文人群的首席作家。今天我们学习沈先生优美的散文《云南的歌会》,一齐来领略云南少数民族的风俗。
2.作者简介:
沈从文(1902~1988)苗族,湖南凤凰人,历任武汉大学、青岛大学、西南联大、北京大学教授,<大公报>文艺副刊编辑,中国历史博物馆文物研究员,中国社会科学院历史研究所研究员。在散文、小说创作和古代服饰研究方面均取得很大成绩,代表作有小说集(边城>、散文集《湘行散记>、论著<中国古代服饰研究>。
二、朗读课文,整体感知文意
1.教师播放示范朗读磁带,学生循声低和。
教师抽查学生预习情况,督促学生积累词语。
(多媒体显示)
蹲踞(jù):蹲或坐。 酬和(hè):本意敬酒,引申为交际往来。
熹微(xī wēi):形容阳光不强,多指清晨。譬喻(pì):比如。
淳朴(chún):诚实朴素。
即物起兴(xìnɡ):开头先咏他物,以触发联想,诱发文思。
引经据典:引用经典中的语句或故事。 悠游自在:悠闲自在,快活的样子。
龙吟凤哕(huì):龙在吟啸,凤在鸣叫。 忌讳:忌怕而隐避。
扶摇而上:形容直往上升。 别开生面:另外开展新的局面。
若无其事:好像没有那么回事似的,形容不动声色或漠不关心。
熹微:形容阳光不强(多指清晨的)。 淳朴:诚实朴素。
2.学生练习表情朗读,要求读音准确,语速适中,语调抑扬,读出感情。
3.教师要求学生简要概括文章的内容。
明确:课文主要写了在三种不同场合听到的民歌演唱,展示了云南浓浓的民族风情。
学习课文
1.指定学生甲诵读1~3段。
指定学生乙诵读1~3段。评议优劣。
2.归纳第一段:引出歌会地方。
3.讨论并归纳第二段的中心内容。
分析:“这是种别开生面的场所……却互不见面”
“唱的多是情歌酬和……随口而出。”
“在场的既多内行……解口渴去了”
争论后归纳:写歌会的场所、方式、胜负的情况。
引导学生采用自主、合作、探究的学习方式,发表自己的看法。
(一)诵读三~五段
师生点评诵读情况。
(二)讨论第三段内容
归纳:写女歌手的情况(性情、外貌、穿着、本领。)
(三)讨论第四段内容
1.本段属于什么描写? (环境描写、景物描写。)
2.本段侧重写什么? 明确:歌声不断。
(1)山鸟呼朋唤侣(戴胜鸟、云雀)。
(2)赶马女孩子唱山歌。
环境:树林、山坡、花。
侧重“各种美妙有情的歌声”。
(四)讨论第五段。
1.段落主要内容: 写“金满斗会”。
2.发起、处所、人数、曲名、唱法(声响)、时间、参加者(妇女饰扮,熟人身份)、作用和歌师傅。
3.学生齐读课文,放飞想象,感受云南歌会淳朴自然、浑大壮观的特点。
4. 《云南的歌会》课文详解
课文品析
1.文段分析
云南本是个诗歌的家乡,路南和迤西歌舞早著名全国。这一回却更加丰富了我的见闻。
段析:本段是文章第一部分,总起,写云南民歌的传统和影响,领起下文。
这是种生面别开的场所,对调子的来自四方,各自蹲踞在松树林子和灌木丛沟凹处,彼此相去虽不多远,却互不见面。唱的多是情歌酬和,却有种种不同方式。或见景生情,即拍起兴,用各种丰富譬喻,比赛机智才能。或用提问题方法,等待对方答解。或互嘲互赞,随事押韵,循环无端。也唱其他故事,贯穿古今,引经据典,当事人照例一本册,滚瓜熟,随口而出。在场的既多内行,开口即见高低,含糊不得,所以不是高手,也不敢轻易搭腔。那次听到一个年轻妇女一连唱败了三个对手,逼得对方哑口无言,于是轻轻地打了个吆喝,表示胜利结束,从荆条丛中站起身子,理理发,拍拍绣花围裙上的灰土,向大家笑笑,意思像是说,“你们看,我唱赢了”,显得轻松快乐,拉着同行女伴,走过江米酒担子边解口渴去了。
段析:描绘一种对歌场面——对调子,专为唱歌而唱,方式灵活,场面轻松热烈,充分展现对歌者的才华和技能。
这种年轻女人在昆明附近村子中多的是。性情开朗活泼,劳动手脚勤快,生长得一张黑中透红枣子脸,满口白白的糯米牙,穿了身毛蓝布衣裤,腰间围个钉满小银片扣花葱绿布围裙,脚下穿双云南乡下特有的绣花透孔鞋,油光光辫发盘在头上。不仅唱歌十分在行,而且大年初一和同伴各个村子里去打秋千(用马皮做成三丈来长的秋千条,悬挂在高树上),蹬个十来下就可平梁,还悠游自在,若无其事!
段析:以上两段是第二部分第一层,描写常见的一种轻松随意的对调子,展现了人们的机智和才华。
对云南妇女整体特点进行总的概括,描绘她们健康俊朗的身姿,豪爽大方、活泼开朗的性格,勤劳聪慧的品格。
在昆明乡下,一年四季,本来早晚都可以听到各种美妙有情的歌声。由呈贡赶火车进城,向例得骑一匹老马,慢吞吞地走十里路。有时赶车不及,还得原路退回。这条路得通过些果树林、柞木林、竹子林和几个大半年开满杂花的小山坡。马上一面欣赏土坎边的粉蓝色报春花,在轻和微风里不住点头,总令人疑心那个蓝色竟像是有意模仿天空而成的;一面就听各种山鸟呼朋唤侣,和身边前后三三五五赶马女孩子唱着各种本地悦耳好听的山歌。有时面前三五步路旁边,忽然出现个花茸茸的戴胜鸟,矗起头顶花冠,瞪着个油亮亮的眼睛,好像对于唱歌也发生了兴趣,经赶马女孩子一喝,才扑着翅膀掠地飞去。这种鸟大白天照例十分沉默,可是每在晨光熹微中,却欢喜坐在人家屋脊上,“郭公郭公”反复叫个不停。最有意思的是云雀,时常从面前不远草丛中起飞,一面扶摇盘旋而上,一面不住唱歌,向碧蓝天空中钻去,仿佛要一直钻透蓝空。伏在草丛中的云雀群,却带点鼓励的意思相互应和。直到穷目力看不见后,忽然又像个小流星一样,用极快速度下坠到草丛中,和其他同伴会合,于是另外几只云雀又接着起飞。赶马女孩子年纪多不过十四五岁,嗓子通常并没经过训练,有的还发哑带沙,可是在这种环境气氛里,出口自然,不论唱什么,都充满一种淳朴本色美。
段析:本段是第二部分第二层,描绘了另一种乡下山间,人们在日常生活中无时无刻不充盈其间的美丽歌声,体现了云南人民的淳朴、自然和对生活的热爱。
大伙儿唱得最热闹的叫“金满斗会”。有一次,由村子里人发起,到时候住处院子两楼和那道长长屋廊下,集合了乡村男女老幼百多人,六人围坐一桌,足足坐满了三十来张矮方桌,每桌各自轮流低声唱《十二月花》,和其他本地好听曲子。声音虽极其轻柔,合起来却如一片松涛,在微风荡动中舒卷张弛不定,有点龙吟凤哕意味。仅是这个唱法就极其有意思。唱和相续,一连三天才散场。来会的妇女占多数,和逢年过节差不多,一身收拾得清洁索利,头上手中到处是银光闪闪,使人不敢认识。我以一个客人身份挨桌看去,很多人都像面善,可叫不出名字。随后才想起这里是村子口摆小摊卖酸泡梨的,那里有城门外挑水洗衣的,打铁箍桶的工匠,小杂货商店的管事,乡村土医生和阉鸡匠,更多的自然是赶马女孩子、不同年龄的农民和四处飘乡赶集卖针线花样的老太婆,原来熟人真不少!集会表面说是避疫免灾,主要作用还是传歌。由老一代把记忆中充满智慧和热情的东西,全部传给下一辈。反复唱下去,到大家熟习为止。因此在场年老人格外兴奋活跃,经常每桌轮流走动。主要作用既然是在照规矩传歌,那么不问唱什么都不犯忌讳。就中最当行出色的是一个吹鼓手,年纪已过七十,牙齿早脱光,却能十分热情整本整套地唱下去。除爱情故事,此外嘲烟鬼,骂财主,样样在行,真像是一个“歌库”(这种人在我们家乡则叫做歌师傅)。小时候常听老太婆口头语,“十年难逢金满斗”,意思是盛会难逢,参加后才知道原来如此。
段析:第二部分第三层,描绘民歌传承中一个重要途径——一种场面极盛大、深受人们喜爱、长盛不衰的“金满斗会”。
文章第二部分,分别介绍了云南民歌在三种场合中的不同演唱方式、内容、目的和作用,表现了云南民歌的丰富多彩、悠久历史,在云南人民日常生活中的重要作用和地位,在读者面前展开一幅多姿多彩、富有地域风情特色的民俗风景画卷。
2.语言品味
“诗歌的家乡”“著名全国”写出云南民歌的悠久传统和繁荣景象。“更加丰富了我的见闻”,看到的比听说的更精彩,突出云南民歌的精彩。
“生面别开”——新奇的场面。
对歌不对面,含蓄,重歌不重人,突出歌的重要。
对歌的内容、手法、方式、风格皆浑然天成,不事雕琢,却须有智慧和才能方可自由驾驭。
特殊一例。
“轻轻地打了个吆喝”,谦虚中含着掩饰不住的自豪。
动作、神态描写更见其质朴、大方、可爱。
人物外貌描写,并非专指一人,展现的是地域人物总体特征——勤劳、开朗活泼、健康爱美、豪爽大方。
“悠游目在,若无其事”表明人物开朗大方、豪爽好强。
“一年四季”“早晚”,说明歌声在云南的人民大众中是无时不在的。
骑马赶火车充满情趣,既表现地域的偏远和风情的独特,也为下文听歌作铺垫。
画线句运用拟人、比喻的修辞,对比烘托的手法描绘了云南美景,衬托了云南女孩极富地域色彩的山歌。
对戴胜鸟、云雀的细致描绘,与前面细致描写山景一样共同展现了云南的美丽风光,也烘托了女孩子美妙的山歌。
女孩子歌声体现了山歌的纯朴、自然、随意。
画线句总领全段。
“最热闹”“金满斗会”,客观评价和正式的名字都说明这是民歌风俗中盛大的集会。
参加人数、序曲、时间,写集会之盛大。
运用比喻、通感写歌声之美。
妇女的打扮之繁琐光鲜、身份之多样,更见集会非常吸引人。
集会的由来、传统、方式、目的、歌曲的内容把对歌集会的盛况推向高潮。
对一个吹鼓手的特写,写出赛会的悠久传统和长盛不衰。
引用老太婆的话再次说明盛会难得。
三、合作探究,深入研读,把握旨趣
1.提问:在“歌会”的大标题下,课文写了哪三种不同场合听到的民歌演唱?想一想,这三种场合在内容和写法上有什么不同?
学生分组讨论,合作探究。
明确:这三种场合分别是:山野对歌、山路漫歌、山寨传歌。
“山野对歌”是才情智力的大比拼,主要写唱歌人。对演唱者不惜浓墨重彩、工笔描绘,烘托出活泼欢快的场面,描绘出朴素动人的情景。
“山路漫歌”,是即兴的自由歌唱,发乎性情,自然成趣。这一场面着力描写唱歌人所处的优美环境,以优美环境映衬唱歌的女孩及其优美的歌声。
“山寨传歌”,是一次民歌的大展览。这一场面重在写唱歌的盛况,有全景描绘,有局部刻画,场面宏伟,气势壮观。
内容
特点
写作手法
山野对歌
对歌具有对抗赛性质,是才情智力的大比拼
重点写唱歌人
山野漫歌
急性的自由歌唱,发昏性情,自然成趣
重点写唱歌的环境
村寨传歌
这是一次民歌的展览,是一间民歌的课堂。云南民歌场面宏伟,气势壮观。
重点写唱歌的场面
2.提问:云南的歌会与你通过电视或其他途径听过的演唱会、音乐会相比,有什么特色?想一想,作者为什么会对云南的歌会感兴趣?
明确:云南的歌会淳朴自然,气势壮观,融自然、人生、社会于一体,散发着泥土的气息,泥土的芬芳,有浓郁的地方色彩,是那里的灵山秀水赋予他们美的歌喉,美的情趣。
作者借写云南歌会,传达他对自然、对人、对艺术的品味与赞赏。生活的美好、人生的美好从作者抒情的笔调中汩汩而出。
四、赏析品味,揣摩语言
1.请同学们说说,自己读后喜欢文章的哪一段?为什么?
学生指出各自喜欢的句段,教师择其精要,与学生一起探讨品味。
(多媒体显示)
(1)这种年轻女人在昆明附近村子中多的是。性情开朗活泼,劳动手脚勤快,生长得一张黑中透红枣子脸,满口白白的糯米牙,穿了身毛蓝布衣裤,腰间围了个钉满小银片扣花葱绿布围裙,脚下穿双云南乡下特有的绣花透孔鞋,油光光辫发盘在头上。
(2)这条路得通过些果树林、柞木林、竹子林和几个大半年开满杂花的小山坡。马上一面欣赏土坎边的粉蓝色报春花……一面就听各种山鸟呼朋唤侣,和身边前后三三五五赶马女孩子唱着各种本地悦耳好听的山歌。有时面前三五步路旁边,忽然出现个花茸茸的戴胜鸟……最有意思的是云雀……赶马女孩子……都充满一种淳朴本色美。
教师点拨学生从人物描写、景物描写的角度反复品味其精妙。
提问:第(1)段文字在人物描写上有什么特点?请阅读沈从文《边城》中描写翠翠的有关片断,试着比较一下,你更喜欢哪一段?为什么?
(多媒体显示)
翠翠在风日里长养着,把皮肤变得黑黑的,触目为青山绿水,一对眸子清明如水晶。自然既长养她且教育她,为人天真活泼,处处俨然如一只小兽物。人又那么乖,如山头黄麂一样,从不想到残忍事情,从不发愁,从不动气。
学生细品两段文字,讨论交流。
教师点拨:第一段重写实,以工笔描绘为主,刻画细腻真实,作者的态度隐含在字里行间。这段文字如同一幅人物肖像,写面容、牙齿、衣饰,细致生动,如在目前。
第二段重写虚,写出了人物的精神风貌。作者运用比喻、拟人等手法,描写人物空灵动人的精神之美,显得飘忽灵秀,流露出作者强烈的情感倾向。
两段文字各有千秋,代表两种不同的写法。
提问:作者用许多笔墨描写由呈贡进城时一路的景色,写“开满杂花的小山坡”“各种山鸟呼朋唤侣”,还有戴胜鸟和云雀的歌唱。这些内容与“赶马女孩子的歌唱”有什么关系?这样写有什么作用?
学生默读这段文字,展开想象,沉浸在文章优美的意境中,感受作者创设的氛围。
明确:这一段是“山路漫歌”,写“赶马女孩子的歌唱”是这一段的主要内容。这些写景文字为我们描绘出一幅充满自然情趣的山野风光图,为“赶马女孩子的歌唱”创设了一个动人的场景,山鸟或悠扬或质朴的鸣唱,与“赶马女孩子的歌唱”交相应和,互相辉映,交织成一支动人的山野田园交响曲。
(二)课文第四段,用许多笔墨描写由呈贡进城时一路的景色,写“开满杂花的小山坡”,“各种山鸟呼朋唤侣”,还有戴胜鸟和云雀的歌唱。这些内容和“赶马女孩子的歌唱”有什么关系?你觉得作者写这些有什么用意?
(明确:用环境作背景,达到诗情画意的效果。)
2.学生齐读这两段文字,背诵,增加语言积累。
五、课堂小结
沈从文先生以明净、潇洒、随意的文字为我们勾勒了云南特有的风景、风物、民情、民风,这些文字展示了云南特有的淳朴自然的风俗人情,以一种抒情诗所特有的含蓄与优美的笔调热情吟唱,令人回味无穷。这一切都源于沈从文先生对生活、人生的挚爱。让我们用稚嫩的文字,吟唱家乡的山歌吧。
六、延伸拓展,沟通课堂内外
教师提示:课文中有“唱的多是情歌酬和,却有种种不同方式。或见景生情,即物起兴,用各种丰富譬喻,比赛机智才能。或用提问题方法,等待对方答解。或互嘲互赞,随事押韵,循环无端。也唱其他故事,贯穿古今,引经据典”,这段文字为我们介绍了云南民歌的内容及几种不同的对歌方式。请同学们课外收集一些民歌民谣,分小组进行交流,看看哪些属于情歌,哪些属于“唱其他故事”,哪些属于“见景生情、即物起兴”,哪些属于“提问”,哪些属于“互嘲互赞”。
学生明确活动要求,课余时间或走访当地民间艺人,或查阅地方志,或上网浏览,或图书馆查阅,搜集材料并对其分析整理,上交一份研究性报告。
七、布置作业
1.课外选读沈从文的其他散文。
2.学唱二三首民歌,并在同学面前表演。
板书设计
教学后记:
通过学习,学生基本能掌握本文结构,理解散文特点;能体会云南少数民族的歌会习俗;对课文的词语也掌握得比较好。
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇二
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇三
1、学习多角度描写人物的方法;
2、赏析精彩的环境描写,体味其衬托的作用;
3、学习场面描写点面结合的方法。
培养学生热爱祖国文化的思想感情。
重点:学习人物描写的方法及作用。
难点:能够运用所学知识介绍东北二人转。
(多媒体显示《小河淌水》动画)
师:同学们现在所听到的曲子是《小河淌水》,素来被称为东方小夜曲,是根据云南傣族的民歌曲调改编而成的。在云南,这样的好歌真是数不胜数,因为那里聚居了我国最多的少数民族,而我们的少数民族同胞有一个共同的特点就是能歌善舞。在那里民歌渗透到了他们生活的各个领域,他们以歌唱来表达男女间的相互爱慕,激发劳动的热情;以歌唱来表达对死者的哀悼及对婚姻的祝福;以歌唱来表达胜利的喜悦和节日的欢乐。那么今天就让咱们随着文学大师沈从文一起走进《云南的歌会》。
(师提问,生抢答,多媒体显示复习内容。)
1、学习山野对歌:
生听读课文,思考:
⑴ 这部分交代了什么?
⑵ 其中对哪方面的描写最多?
生思考回答,师明确:
⑴ 地点、内容、方式、唱歌人。
⑵ 唱歌人(外貌、衣着、性格、动作、神态等)。
小结:山野对歌主写人,烘托出活泼欢快的场面,描绘出朴素动人的情景。
欣赏电影《刘三姐》对歌片段(多媒体放映)。
2、学习山路漫歌:
指一名同学朗读课文,其他同学边听边画出你喜欢的好词好句,与同学一起分享。
(生随意发表感想。)
师引导生分析,所找句子属于那方面描写。(环境描写)体会环境描写的作用。
(生发表自己见解。)
小结:山路漫歌力画环境,这是以优美的环境来映衬优美的人物,优美的歌。
3、学习村寨传歌:
齐读课文,思考它与前两种歌会形式有什么不同?
生思考回答,师明确:
场面盛况空前:表现为:
⑴ 人多:住处院子两楼和那道长长的屋廊下,集合了乡村男女老幼百多人。
⑵ 时间长:唱和相续,一连三天才散场。
⑶ 盛妆;和逢年过节差不多,一身收拾得清洁索利,头上手中到处是银光闪闪。
师提问:
这些特点是怎么表现出来的呢?也就是说这部分侧重对哪方面的描写?
生思考回答。
(场面描写)
场面描写有什么特点?
生思考回答。(既有全局描写,又有局部特写。)
小结:村寨传歌重绘盛况,既有全景描绘,又有局部特写,描绘出热闹的场景。
总结:云南真不愧是诗歌的家乡,到处都有动听的歌声。生活中有歌就有美,有歌就有欢乐,真的希望有时间咱们一起去云南看一看。同学们,你们通过这篇文章学到了什么?请大家总结一下。
生谈收获。
同学们说得真好,云南以民歌闻名全国,咱们东北以什么享有盛誉呢?(二人转。)
利用这节课所学到的知识,给大家介绍咱们东北的二人转。
云南的歌会
沈从文
本节课充分利用多媒体直观的特点,来辅助教学。使知识变得生动,形象,能充分调动起学生的积极性,课堂气氛活跃,效果比教师干巴巴的讲授好得多。但也不可否认,有些同学不理解这种方式的实际意义,上课只顾看热闹,结果上课虽然也在听讲,可下课却收获甚微。面对这种情况,教师应先向学生明确这节课的意义,调整好学生心态,以取得更好的学习效果。
以上是我的教学感受,诸多不足,请各位老师批评,指导。
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇四
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇五
1、发掘文本,让学生充分感受云南歌舞民族的文化魅力,从而激发学生热爱民族文化的热情。
2、了解采用的烘托渲染等写作手法。
3、充分调动学生自主感受、自主探究的学习热情,使学生在浓郁的歌舞民族文化的氛围中,体验语文的情趣,增长语文的素养。
1、重点引导学生从文章对“云南的歌会”的描述中,感受云南歌舞民族文化的魅力,从而树立热爱民族文化的自觉意识。
2、了解采用的烘托渲染等写作手法。
一课时
葫芦丝演奏的《月光下的凤尾竹》,导入课文。
播放《五朵金花》,畅谈对云南的感觉
1、的作者是谁?
2、云南是什么的家乡?
3、云南的歌会有哪三种形式?
4、不同形式或内容的演唱分别在什么场合进行?
5、写了谁在唱歌呢?
年轻女人、赶马女孩、老人、有多叫不出名字的人。
除人外,还有戴胜鸟、云雀唱歌
6、在哪唱歌?
松树林子和灌木丛沟凹处、山路、村寨
7、读出下列词语的正确读音:(略)
地点很特别:“年轻的妇女各自蹲踞在松树林子和灌木丛沟凹处”,
人很淳朴:与年轻妇女对唱的对手,虽然败了,但心服口服
活动有趣:从妇女动作上看,是轻松愉快的
天蓝花美——衬托歌美人美
悦耳的鸟鸣
自然环境——烘托歌的纯朴本色
戴胜鸟也是具有灵性
云雀群在蓝空和碧草之间载歌载舞,其乐融融
热闹壮观
歌声和谐
老年人活力四射:燃烧的是激情,传递的是智慧和热情。这种智慧和热情不会老去,它永远具有生命的活力
参加“金满斗会”有附近几个乡村男女老幼百多人,而且一连三天才散场,这么多人这么长时间在一起唱歌,是多么的和谐啊!
忙里偷闲,能在忙碌中抽出时间从物质的世界里暂时解脱出来。这一刻,他们完全属于自己,他们的生命是张弛有度的。正所谓“一张一弛,方显生命本色”。这就是张弛有度的生命。
要求:读准字音
语言流畅
节奏鲜明
神情并茂
对比云南歌会与流行演唱会的不同?比较后你最想说什么?
1、朗读一组句子,联系上下文,体会加点词的含义:
1、粉蓝色报春花,在轻和微风中不住点头。
2、经赶马女孩子一喝,才扑着翅膀掠地飞去。(拍)
3、伏在草丛中的云雀群。(趴)
4、(云雀)向碧蓝天空中钻去。(飞、冲)
5、用极快速度下坠到草丛中。(落、降)
2、比较两段人物描写在写法上的不同:
1、欣赏一组云南民歌,看他们分别属于哪一类,加深对课文的理解。
1、见景生情、即物起兴
2、互嘲互赞、随事压韵
3、提问题,等对方回答
4、唱其他故事,引经据典
2、齐唱《远方的客人请你留下来》
3、学唱二三首民歌。
感谢沈从文!是他,让我们停下脚步,去体味这些乡野间优美的景色和自在的生命;是他,让我们回望来路,去拣拾那些本就存活于我们生命中自然鲜活的基因。学完这篇文章,推荐阅读沈从文的其它著名作品《边城》《萧萧》。
山野对歌人情美。
云南的歌会山路漫歌环境美语言美。
村寨传歌场面美。
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇六
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇七
1、情感、态度与价值观:感受作家笔下美好的民族风情,培养学生热爱民族文化的情感。
2、知识与能力:引导学生品读、赏析文中人物描写、环境描写和场面描写等精彩描写。
3、过程与方法:整体把握文章的内容,体会和学习作者有所侧重的描写方法。
1、重点:整体把握文章内容,感受美好的生活和少数民族同胞的特有风情。
2、难点:引导学生品析文中的描写语言。
朗读、讨论与赏析相结合。
多媒体辅助教学工具
1课时
一、导入新课
同学们喜欢唱歌吗?你们平时是怎样唱的?有没有见过这样的唱歌?(出示 《刘三姐》对歌的课件。)
这是电影《刘三姐》中的一个片段,展现的是壮族人们对山歌的情形。其实不止在壮族地区在云南这种情形也随处可见。今天我们一起来学习《云南的歌会》。
二、出示学习目标
1、整体把握文章的内容,体会、学习作者有所侧重的描写方法。
2、品读、赏析、学习文中的人物描写、环境描写、场面描写及其精彩的语言。
3、感受作家笔下美好的生活,激发我们对中国民俗文化的喜爱之情。
三、检查预习
1、给下列有下划线的字注音。
yí pì nuò dūn huì chóu huì xī gū
迤 西 譬 喻 糯 米 蹲 踞 忌 讳 酬 和 凤 哕 熹 微 铁 箍
四、整体感知课文
1 本文是一篇极富情趣的散文,在“歌会”的大标题下,描绘了三个场合中唱歌的三个场面。(快速浏览课文并思考,勾画关键语句。)
2、这些场景各自有什么特色?
3 对于三个唱歌的场面,作者描写的侧重点有什么不同?
教师引导学生回答问题。
明确并板书:
山野对歌 才情比拼 人
山路漫歌 自然成趣 环境
村寨传歌 场面宏伟 场面
4用概括性的语言填空。
你最喜欢 场面,因为这是一场______的歌会
(可以从歌唱的人、地点、内容、歌唱的方式、环境气氛等方面来说)
五、品读课文
(一)揣摩山野对歌的人物美
1 山野对歌侧重写人,有没有具体的人物描写?(学生勾画,齐读)
2 这里对年轻女人外貌的描写太过哆嗦,建议这样改(出示课件),你同意吗?
生长得一张枣子脸,满口的糯米牙,穿了身毛布衣裤,腰间围个布围裙,脚下穿双云南乡下特有的鞋,辫发盘在头上、
师引导分析:改后的文字少了那些内容?(色彩和配饰)
色彩和配饰对一个女人来说意味着什么?(美丽,活力)
如果去掉会显得怎么样?(太过单调)
明确:一般来说,从一个女人的穿着打扮可以看出她的精神面貌。这些女人把自己打扮得光鲜靓丽,可见他们个个活得鲜活滋润,对生活充满了热情,可谓活力四射,故万万不可去掉。
3出示《红楼梦》中王熙凤出场时的一段人物描写。
这个人打扮与众姑娘不同,彩绣辉煌,恍若神妃仙子: 头上戴着金丝八宝攒珠髻,绾着朝阳五凤挂珠钗,项上戴着赤金盘螭璎珞圈,裙边系着豆绿宫绦,双衡比目玫瑰佩,身上穿着缕金百蝶穿花大红洋缎窄袄,外罩五彩刻丝石青银鼠褂,下着翡翠撒花洋绉裙。一双丹凤三角眼,两弯柳叶吊梢眉,身量苗条, 体格风骚,粉面含春威不露,丹唇未起笑先闻。
《红楼梦》王熙凤
教师简单点评
小结: 这一段和我们文中很相似,都是通过细细的描绘人物的配饰和色彩来展现一个人物的精神面貌,使人物更加生动,更具有活力。所以,我们在描写人物时也不妨运用上这些美丽的色彩语言,细细的描绘人物的装扮,使我们的文章读起来更加生动,更具有活力。
(二)领略山路漫歌的环境美
1 勾画 齐读描写优美环境的句子
2 讨论:本段写赶马女孩唱歌仅三句,却用了许多优美的语句描写由呈贡一路进城的景色。这是否偏离了“山路漫歌”的“歌”字?
明确:这些内容是对“赶马女孩的歌唱”的一种烘托映衬,又是对中心的铺垫,起了一个渲染氛围,烘托主题的作用。
3 出示环境描写的作用
(1)、 渲染营造某种氛围或气氛。
(2)、 展开、推动故事情节发展。
(3)、 交代人物身份,表现人物性格
(4)、 象征和暗示。
(5)、 衬托人物心情。
(6)、 交代人物活动环境。
(7)、 深化文章主题。
六 作者简介
沈从文(1902~1988)湖南凤凰人。历任武汉大学、青岛大学、西南联大、北京大学教授,《大公报》文艺副刊编辑,中国历史博物馆文物研究员,中国社会科学院历史研究所研究员。
他给这个世界留下了很多传奇:一个只读了几年私塾、自学成才的大学教授,一个写了《边城》《湘行散记》等伟大作品的文学大师,一个生命前40年做作家、后40年成为考古学家的奇人,一个永远自称为“乡下人”的透明自然的赤子……
七 拓展
1、了解云南的其他民俗文化(出示课件)
2、学生说下我们身边有哪些民俗?(教师补充)
总结:中国是个文化大国,有着古老悠久的文明积累,拥有浩如烟海的历史典籍,遍布深州的文物遗产,还有那56个民族的多姿多彩的民俗文化,尤其是民俗文化,是中华文明积淀中的一个重要组成部分,是中国文化中的一颗璀璨的明珠,作为中国人我们每个人都有责任将这些宝贵的民俗文化一代一代传承下去,并加以保护和发展、
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作业:
1、 为了中国民俗文化的保护和发展,请你拟一条宣传标语;或是提几点建议。
2、 搜集我们身边的民俗文化,并加以整理
附:板书设计
云南的歌会
沈从文
山野 对歌 才智比拼 人
山路 漫歌 自然成趣 环境
村寨 传歌 场面宏伟 场面
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇八
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇九
感知课文内容,品味文章语言。
探究有关描写的方法。
领略民族风情,热爱民俗文化。
一、导入新课:
听民歌《蝴蝶泉边》后,老师:同学们,这是一首云南民歌,云南是少数民族聚集最多的省份,每逢集会或节日,人们总是聚在一起,即兴歌唱,用歌声表达自己对节日的祝福。云南的歌会内容丰富,形式多样。今天,让我们走进《云南的歌会》,来感受一下那里的民风民俗。
二、检查预习:
1、认识下列字的读音:
蹲踞酬和熹微淳朴龙吟凤哕
2、解释下列词语:
酬和
譬喻
引经据典
三、学习新课
(一)初读课文,熟悉内容,思考几个问题:
1、文章以富有表现力的`文字,描绘了三种形式的歌会,各有什么不同?
2、请用简洁的话给三种形式的歌会拟一个小标题
3、歌会有什么特点?
明确:山野对歌
山路漫歌
村寨传歌
云南的歌会自然、淳朴、自由、气势壮观,有浓郁的民族风情。
(二)跳读课文,探究写法
三种形式的歌会在描写上有什么不同?你喜欢哪一种歌会?谈谈你喜欢的理由,并富有感情地读一读。
学生分组讨论,交流。
教师出示:
描写方法:
山野对歌工笔写人
山路漫歌以景衬人
村寨传歌点面结合
(三)质疑探究
学习这篇文章,你肯定有不少疑问或新的发现!小组探究交流、提出问题并解决问题,不能解决的提出来在班上交流解决,我们共同分享收获的喜悦!
相信我能行!
(四)体验运用
同学们,在我们身边也有着美丽浓郁的风俗文化,你能用上今天的描写方法说给大家听吗?
学生交流:如:过年吃饺子,放鞭炮,迎财神等;清明节荡秋千;元宵赏花灯等。
师小结:沈从文先生以潇洒而随意的语言为我们描绘了云南的民风、民俗、风景、风物,展示出云南特有的纯朴自然的风俗人情,如诗一般含蓄优美,令人回味无穷。
(五)布置作业:
课后收集民歌民谣,将其归类,看哪些是“即物起兴”,哪些是“提问式”的。
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十一
品味言语情味;发掘作家情思;反观现实生活;滋养学生心灵。
以“意思”为主线,以“生命”为重心,以“活”为切口,以“言语”为立足点。
1、发现“意思”:
⑴ 整体感知全文。
⑵ 作者写的这些有意思吗?
2、没“意思”:
⑶ 从文简介。
⑷ 你同意他的看法吗?
尊敬的沈老:
你的《云南的歌会》相当没意思,因为第四段过多的自然环境描写冲淡了“歌会”主题。建议将其拿掉!
你的忠实读者。
3、作家的“意思”:
从马背上研究老问题,不免近于卖呆,远不如从活人中听听生命的颂歌为有意思了。(此为选入教材时被删掉的文字)
4、我们该如何而活。
笔者以“文本细读”的方式仔细研读了《云南的歌会》,发现一个很有意思的语言点,那就是“意思”一词。在《云南的歌会》中,沈从文先生两处提到“意思”一词。一处是在第四段“最有意思的是云雀”(言外之意是前面所写的也是有意思的);还有一处是第五段“仅是这个唱法就极其有意思”(言外之意是后面所写的更有意思)。其实,本文在节选时省略了前面一段文字:从马背上研究老问题,不免近于卖呆,远不如从活人中听听生命的颂歌为有意思了(显然,这里的“意思”应是统领全文的)。由此看来,“意思”俨然就是贯穿全文的关键词。我以为,这是一个极有意思的发现,那么,为什么不以“意思”为主线设计一个完整的教学方案呢?于是,就有了以上的教学设计。
1、发现“意思”:
在学生整体感知全文后提出:作者写的这些有意思吗。要求学生静静地默读,用横线划出有意思的地方。交流时,教师及时抓住学生回答的一些语句引导学生进入字里行间去品味其中的意味。
2、没“意思”:
在学生充分感知本文很有意思的时候,有意识的抛出这个问题,一方面是想让学生把分散全文的目光聚焦到第四段的研读上来,从而达“点”“面”结合的教学境界;一方面也是最主要的方面,就是想让课堂的线性推进出现转折,从而使学生的思维从表层感知进入深层探析。通过讨论,让他们明白沈从文在自然环境的描写上之所以不吝啬自己的笔墨,是因为作家认为“产生这种山歌实有原因。如没有一种适当的对象和特殊环境作为土壤,这些歌不会那么素朴、真挚而美妙感人”。
3、作家的“意思”:
本文节选自《记忆中的云南跑马节》,选入教材的部分省略了前面的一段文字:从马背上研究老问题,不免近于卖呆,远不如从活人中听听生命的颂歌为有意思了。引出这段文字,其意在要学生明白沈从文认为“意思”在于“从活人中听听生命的颂歌”,然后抓住这个“活人”的“活”字,利用它的多义性,引导学生再细读文本,然后从文中去发现作家是如何描述这些“活生生的”“鲜活的”“充满活力”的生命状态的。
4、我们该如何而活:
设计此问题是想让“语文”贴近生活,走进心灵,关照灵魂,从而让语文教学从言语的层面进入文化的层面。
此课例获浙江省初中语文优质课大赛一等奖(第一名)
第六届“语文报杯”全国中青年教师课堂教学大赛一等奖
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十二
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十三
知识与能力目标
1、积累字词。
2、朗读课文,整体把握课文内容,了解云南歌会的三种形式和特点。
3、揣摩品味语言,体会文章的精妙。
过程与方法目标
通过教师放入引导和借助多媒体在读思品悟议中培养学生个性解读文本的能力,鼓励学生大胆发言,重视学生与文本,学生与学生,老师与学生间的交流,体现互动的教学原则。
情感态度、价值观目标
领略云南独具特色的民族风情,感受作家笔下美好的生活,培养热爱民族文化的情感。
揣摩课文写作的三种场合中唱歌的不同情景,体会内容上的差异。
品味语言,体会文中描写的精妙。
朗读法
情景教学法
点拨引导法
教具准备多媒体
教学课型讲读
一、播放歌曲,激趣引入
刚才我们领略了云南民歌的美,看到了云南人民能歌善舞,今天,就让我们一起跟随沈从文先生走进云南,走进《云南的歌会》。
二、朗读课文整体感知
初读课文感知文意
请选择自己喜欢的方式自由读课文,勾画出不认识的字词,并捕捉课文中的信息。
你从课文中了解到云南歌会的哪些知识?
学生自由说。
三、探究文本领悟主旨
探究三种形式的侧重点,领悟作者的写作意图。
四、品味语言欣赏美点
学生找自己喜欢的词、句进行赏析,发现美点。
师点拨总结。
五、延伸拓展
说说山西有哪些民风民俗
六、课堂小结
七、作业自助餐
摘抄自己喜欢的语句,并说明理由。
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十四
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十五
1、了解云南的歌会,感受当地的浓郁的民情民风。
2、朗读课文。整体把握文意,领会文中流露的作者的思想感情。
3、引导学生感受文中作者对自然、对人、对艺术的品味与赞赏之情,激励学生关注生活思考生活,欣赏生活,热爱生活。
1、揣摩课文所写的三种场合中唱歌的不同场景,体会内容和写法上的差异。
2、领略文中的优美意境,理解体会作者的思想感情。
揣摩语言,品味文中人物描写和景物描写的精妙。
1、情景教学法。
2、朗读法。
3、讨论点拨法。
1课时
一、导语设计
在云南一些少数民族聚居的地区,每逢集会或节日,人们聚集在一起,即兴歌唱,互相问答,游戏传情。这种古老的歌会形式,蕴涵着浓郁的民间文化气息。今天,让我们一起走进《云南的歌会》,去感受那里的民风民俗。
二、朗读课文,整体感知文意
1、教师播放示范朗读磁带,学生循声低和。
教师抽查学生预习情况,督促学生积累词语。
(多媒体显示)
2、表情朗读、要求读音准确,语速适中,语调抑扬,读出感情。
3、教师要求学生简要概括文章的内容。
明确:课文主要写了在三种不同场合听到的民族演唱,展示了云南浓浓的民族风情。
4、学生齐读课文,放飞想象,感受云南歌会淳朴自然,浑大壮观的特点。
三、合作探究,深入研读,把握旨趣
1、提问:在“歌会”的大标题下,课文写了哪三种不同场合听到的民族演唱?想一想,这三种场合在内容和写法上有什么不同?
2、提问:云南的歌会与你通过电视或其他途径听过的演唱会、音乐会相比,有什么特色?想一想,作者为什么会对云南的歌会感兴趣?
四、赏析品味,揣摩语言
1、请同学们说说,自己读后喜欢文章的哪一段?为什么?
教师点拨学生从人物描写、景物描写的角度反复品味其精妙。
提问:第(1)段文字在人物描写上有什么特点?请阅读沈从文《边城》中描写翠翠的有关片段,试着比较一下,你更喜欢哪一段?为什么?
教师点拨:第一段重写实,以工笔描绘为主,刻画细腻真实,作者的态度隐含在字里行间。这段文字如同一幅人物肖像,写面容、牙齿、衣饰,细致生动,如在面前。
第二段重写虚,写出了人物的精神风貌。作者运用比喻、拟人等手法,描写人物空灵动人的精神之美,显得飘忽灵秀,流露出作者强烈的情感倾向。
两段文字各有千秋,代表两种不同的写法。
提问:作者用许多笔墨描写由呈贡进城时一路的景色,写“开满杂花的小山坡”“各种山鸟呼朋唤侣”,还有戴胜鸟和云雀的歌唱。这些内容与“赶马女孩子的歌唱”有什么关系?这样写有什么作用?
3、学生齐读这两段文字,背诵,增加语言积累。
五、课堂小结
沈从文先生以明净、潇洒、随意的文字为我们勾勒了云南特有的风景、风物、民情、民风,这些文字展示了云南特有的淳朴自然的风俗人情,以一种抒情诗所特有的含蓄与优美的笔调热情吟唱,令人回味无穷。这一切都源于沈从文先生对生活、人生的挚爱。让我们用稚嫩的文字,吟唱家乡的山歌吧。
六、延伸拓展,沟通课堂内外
教师提示;课文中有“唱的多是情歌酬和,却有种种不同方式。或见景生情,即物起兴,用各种丰富譬喻,比赛机智才能。
七、布置作业
1、课外选读沈从文的其他散文。
2、学唱二三首民歌,并在同学面前表演。
板书设计
山歌对唱
云南的歌会山路漫歌
山寨传歌
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十六
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十七
1、了解云南歌会的三种形式及作者的表现手法。
2、体会云南歌会的美。
3、体会“山路漫歌”的立体美。
1、了解云南歌会的三种形式及作者的表现手法。
2、深入理解云南歌会所蕴含的美。
品味体会“山路漫歌”这个片断的立体美。
本文所写内容丰富,语言生动富有表现力,充满了情趣,根据文章这一特点,我将充分发挥学生作为阅读主体的作用,运用启发式教学法,通过创设情境,激发学生的想象力,来使学生深入体会云南歌会的美,理解课文的深刻含义。
教学时间:1课时
(一)创设情境,导入新课:
导语:同学们,我国有多少个(56个)少数民族,每个少数民族都怎样呢?(能歌善舞)。哪个省(云南省)是聚居了最多的少数民族的省份,在各族人民的生活中,民歌几乎渗透到了各个领域。著名作家沈从文先生有一篇文章专门介绍了云南的民歌,这就是——《云南的歌会》。)板书课题、作者名。
释题:什么叫“歌会”?(所谓歌会就是聚在一起唱歌)
【承转】本文写了谁在唱歌呢?他们都在哪些地方唱歌呢?请同学们自读课文,要求读完课文后能说出自己通过本文对云南的歌会有了哪些了解。
(二)自读课文,整体感知
让学生通读(泛读,大概读一下)课文,从整体上把握课文内容,并提出问题:在“歌会”的大标题下,本文描绘了几个场合中的唱歌的情景?(板书关键词)
学生通过初步的阅读思考,归纳出“山野对歌、山路漫歌、村寨传歌”这三个场合中的唱歌的情景。
(三)提出问题、合作探究
1、以四人小组讨论的方式,作者又是如何描绘这几个场合中的唱歌的情景的?
通过讨论、分析、归纳明确:(板书关键词)
山野对歌(第2、3段):具有对抗赛的性质,是才情智力的大比拼,作者主要写唱歌人,在外貌,神态等方面对演唱者进行工笔描绘,云南女子的独特服饰,高超的打秋千本领,显示了她们开朗、活泼和充满智慧的性格美。人美,唱出的歌一定会更美!通过外貌和神态的刻画,突出人物美;
山路漫歌(第4段):是即兴的自由歌唱。作者着力描写唱歌人所处的优美环境,天如此之蓝、花如此之美,悠悠鸟鸣如此婉转动听,而在这样美好环境中长大的女孩儿,自然是歌声动人,情韵动人。这是以优美的环境映衬优美的人物优美的歌。(,通过对花、鸟、人的刻画突出的是环境美;)
村寨传歌(第5段):是一次民歌的展览,是一间民歌的课堂,场面宏伟、气势壮观。参加者来自各行各业,不论男女老幼,全都热情高涨,六人围坐一桌,足足有三十来桌。传歌的地点是住处院子的两楼和长长的屋廊下,人们唱和相续,一连三天才散场。传歌的目的是老一辈把记忆中充满智慧和热情的东西全部传给下一辈,使民歌生生不息,代代相传。作者写传歌的场面,有全局描绘,有细部刻画,点面结合,生动精妙的向我们展示了云南的民风民俗,让我们领略到一种独特的地域美。(突出的是传歌的场面、特点和目的,展示的是云南的风俗美。)
【承转】人也唱鸟也唱,真是自然的大合唱;山野山路山寨,怎一个“歌”字了得。那我们不妨再来仔细研读这篇文章的第四自然段,从细节、语句中去品味,别忘了在你有感觉的地方画一画、写一写
2、请同学们精读(精读说的就是在阅读一篇文章的时候不仅要充分理解文章的含义,对文章的结构、逻辑关系、用词乃至标点符号等的使用都做一一分析,达到不放过每个细节,吸收其精髓的目的)“山路漫歌”这个片断并思考以下三个问题:
(1)、“山路漫歌”这个片断几乎没有写所唱的歌,写了些什么内容?
这个片断重在描写景物:蓝蓝的天,成片的树林,大半年开满杂花的小山坡,和蓝天相呼应的粉蓝色报春花,着重写了两种鸟:一种是喜欢独唱的戴胜鸟,另一种是喜欢群唱的云雀。这些景物构成了云南四季如春、自由奔放的地域环境。
(2)、作者写这些景物运用了哪些手法?
作者抓住了景物的特点,调动多种感觉器官,绘形、绘声、绘色,全方位多角度进行描写:蓝天白云、葱翠的树林、山花烂漫的小山坡是静态的,是色彩斑谰的;戴胜鸟和云雀边飞边唱,嬉戏鸣叫是动态的,它们的歌唱是欢快悦耳的。
作者运用动静结合、声色相融的手法,使这幅立体自然画卷真得是美不胜收。赶马女孩子面对如此美景,心中充满喜悦,为之陶醉,情动于中自然要发之于外,怎能不情不自禁的纵情歌唱呢?
(3)、假如你处在这样的环境中,又是赶马女孩子中的一员,你会唱出什么样的歌?结合自己的日常积累,主要是歌曲积累,展开合理的想象和联想,创设情境,唱出自己心中的歌。
a、[铃儿响叮当]虽然不是描绘我的家乡的美景/但让我看到了北国风光的魅力和圣诞节的气氛
b、《万泉河水清又清》,描绘了海南岛琼海市万泉河的美丽景色,更勾起了很多朋友对自己家乡山河的美好回忆,
c、《跑马溜溜的山上》通过这首歌所描绘的意境,更深切地知道了民歌的确是从生活实际中来的,它既是对生活的真实叙述,又是对理想的生动描画,既朴实贴切又美丽飘渺,就像活灵活现地展开在我眼前的康定城。
【承转】景物美、人物美、风俗美、歌声美,融合为一个有机的整体,简直妙不可言,我想请一位同学为大家朗读,大家最想听谁的朗读?现在,让我们闭上眼睛,来感受这天人合一的美妙境界
(四)巩固运用
课堂口头作文:让学生介绍一种自己了解的民俗,并试着分析这种民俗形成的原因。
1、“四月八”是古代苗族祭祀先烈的盛典。每逢农历四月初八,苗族人民都要聚集到预定的地点跳鼓舞、对山歌、上刀梯、表演刀枪箭术,以表对先烈的怀念和继承先烈遗志的决心。传说远古时,凤凰县龙塘河跳花沟每逢四月八日,都要举办盛大歌舞会,苗族男女你唱我和,相伴而舞,自由恋爱。后来有一年,官家派人前来抢亲选美,拆散了对对恋人,糟踏了许多美貌少女。第二年的“四月八”,苗家青年早作准备,在官家派人抢亲时,奋起反抗,杀死了官家兵丁,但遭官府血腥镇压,苗家勇士全部战死。从此后,每年的“四月八”,苗家人民都要举行盛大活动以祭祀四月八殉难的先烈。
2、过端午节,是中国人二千多年来的传统习惯,由于地域广大,民族众多,加上许多故事传说,于是不仅产生了众多相异的节名,而且各地也有着不尽相同的习俗。其内容主要有:女儿回娘家,挂钟馗像,迎鬼船、躲午,帖午叶符,悬挂菖蒲、艾草,游百病,佩香囊,备牲醴,赛龙舟,比武,击球,荡秋千,给小孩涂雄黄,饮用雄黄酒、菖蒲酒,吃五毒饼、咸蛋、粽子和时令鲜果等,除了有迷信色彩的活动渐已消失外,其余至今流传中国各地及邻近诸国。有些活动,如赛龙舟等,已得到新的发展,突破了时间、地域界线,成为了国际性的体育赛事。
关于端午节的由来,说法甚多,诸如:纪念屈原说;纪念伍子胥说;纪念曹娥说;起于三代夏至节说;恶月恶日驱避说,吴月民族图腾祭说等等。以上各说,各本其源。据学者闻一多先生的《端午考》和《端午的历史教育》列举的百余条古籍记载及专家考古考证,端午的起源,是中国古代南方吴越民族举行图腾祭的节日,比屈原更早。但千百年来,屈原的爱国精神和感人诗辞,已广泛深入人心,故人们“惜而哀之,世论其辞,以相传焉”,因此,纪念屈原之说,影响最广最深,占据主流地位。在民俗文化领域,中国民众把端午节的龙舟竞渡和吃粽子等,都与纪念屈原联系在一起。
时至今日,端午节仍是中国人民中一个十分盛行的隆重节日。
3、六月六的来历
“六月六”是苗族祭祀祖先的节日。凤凰苗区有苗族青年天灵射杀皇帝的传说,这个传说与《苗族文学史》中的《田螺相公》内容完全相符。
传说苗族英雄天灵,经三年苦练,一箭可射到京城皇帝的宝座上,功夫到家那天,为养精蓄锐,天灵早早就睡了,嘱咐母亲鸡叫头遍时叫醒他。谁知老母半夜后簸米,不经意拍响簸具,“拍拍”之声引起鸡叫,天灵听见鸡叫后急忙爬上将军山(山在贵州松桃、铜仁、湖南凤凰的交界处),弯弓对准京城方向就射。箭射中了皇帝的宝座,但皇帝尚未登殿。天灵因此被害,据说被害这天是六月六日。于是,每逢此日,苗胞便云集凤凰山下,吹哨呐、唱苗歌、跳鼓舞,祭奠先烈,祈祷吉祥,祈祷幸福,祈祷未来和希望。
(五)归纳小结
赏读《云南的歌会》这一篇文质兼美的散文,我们似乎与作者进行了一次云南之旅。在作者引领下,我们对自然、对人、对艺术进行了一番品味,我们领略到了我国民歌文化的丰富多彩和浓郁的民族风情,这也激起了我们热爱民俗文化的情感。同时在作者的笔下,我们读出了生活的美好、人生的美好。同学们,生活就像歌声一样美好,让我们更加热爱生活,也热爱那美丽浓郁的民俗文化吧!
(六)布置作业:
1、1、课外阅读:《沈从文散文选》或《边城》
2、写一篇介绍家乡民俗的作文。
(七)板书设计
云南的歌会
山野对歌:才智外貌神态人物美
山路漫歌:花鸟人环境美
村寨传歌:场面特点目的风俗美
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十八
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇十九
整体把握课文内容,品味语言。
一、导入(1分钟)
二、预习检测:(5分钟)
1、本文作者: 。现代小说家、散文家、历史文物研究家。
2、给下列加点字注音 。
迤( )西 譬( )喻 糯( )米 蹲( )踞
忌讳( ) 酬( )和 铁箍( ) 熹( )微
(学生书写1分钟,教师订正2分钟)
3、概括这篇文章的主要内容。(学生回答2分钟)
三、默读课文,思考问题:(15分钟)
本文在“歌会”的大标题下,描绘了三个场合的唱歌情景,请用简练的语言概括出来?并划出来你印象最深的句子。
1、学生一边默读课文,一边划出自己印象最深的句子并填写(10分钟)
这三个场景可以概括为:
(1)
(2)
(3)
2、学生回答(3分钟)
3、教师总结(2分钟)
四、研读课文,品析语言(15分钟)
1、学生朗读第四段中自己划出的重点句子(5分钟)
2、按照示例,赏析句子。(5分钟)
示例:马上一面欣赏土坎边的粉蓝色的报春花,在轻和微风里不住点头,总令人疑心那个蓝色像是有意模仿天空而成的。
报春花“在轻和微风里不住点头”用了拟人修辞,显得活泼生动,它的蓝色令人疑心“是有意模仿天空而成的”运用了奇特的联想,让人感受到花的灵性和花色的纯净。
3、学生展示(5分钟)
五、教师总结(4分钟)
六、作业:
从文中摘录你喜欢的句子并点评在阅读记录本上。
参考:没有这样的环境,就不会有这样的歌声。沈从文从来就没有怀疑过自己在文章中使用大量环境描写是错误的。因为在他心中,有一种哲学的观念支撑着他,那就是:天人合一。天人合一这种哲学观念具有多重含义,它至少应该包括人与自然的和谐统一。赶马女孩触目是山花烂漫,侧耳是鸟鸣悠悠,在这样的环境里长期耳濡目染,当然会出口自然,充满了淳朴本色美。所以,沈从文在自然环境的描写上,从不吝啬自己的笔墨,他就是要对原生环境自然还原。
为“赶马女孩的歌唱”创设了一个动人的场景。在美好环境中长大的女孩,自然是歌声动人,情韵动人。
山鸟的鸣唱,与“赶马女孩的歌唱”交相应和,交织成一支动人的山野田园交响曲。总之,这些内容既是对“赶马女孩的歌唱”的真实写照,又是对中心的铺垫,还是一种烘托映衬――以优美的环境映衬优美的人物优美的歌!以景衬人
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇二十
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇二十一
引导学生对字词的积累,和对文章品读、赏析文中人物描写、环境描写的精彩语言。
整体把握文章的内容。体会、学习作者有所侧重的描写方法。
感受作家笔下的美好生活。了解祖国各地的风俗。让学生更爱我们的祖国文化。
本文按照在反复的读课文的基础上,“整体感悟──研读探究──拓展延伸”三步教学。
欣赏文中人物的基础上学习有所侧重的描写方法。
学生对云南的风情并不了解。
以学生自主、合作、探究的学习方式为主,教师在教学过程中起引导作用,致力打开学生思路、激活其思维。充分激发学生的自主意识和探索精神,从而领悟课文的写作手法。
播放视频片段“蝴蝶泉边”。
在我们国家几乎每一个民族都有它自己特有的民歌。云南省是一个多民族的地区,在各族人民生活中,民间歌唱活动占有特别重要的地位,几乎渗透到生活的各个领域。他们以歌唱来抒发自己的情感,有的用歌唱来传授知识。因此,在许多民族中,小孩还在呀呀学语的时候,就跟着大人学唱歌了。许多有名的歌手在本民族得到特别的尊敬。今天,就让我们去参加“云南的歌会”,了解云南的民歌!
轻读课文,整体感知。
(一)检查预习
1.给下列加点字注音。
迤(yí)西 譬(pì)喻 糯(nu)米 蹲(dūn)踞
忌讳(huì) 酬(chóu)和 铁箍(gū) 熹(xī)微
2.解释下列词语。
引经据典:引用经典中的语句或故事。
譬喻:打比方。忌讳:忌怕而隐避。
扶摇而上:形容直往上升。
别开生面:另外开展新的局面。
酬和:本意敬酒,引申为交际往来。
悠游自在:快活的样子。
若无其事:好像没有那么回事似的,形容不动声色或漠不关心。
熹微:形容阳光不强(多指清晨的)。
淳朴:诚实朴素。
教师请学生读课文。
分为三种形式代表三个场面。
1.请根据自己的理解,任选角度,用”云南的歌会是一个_____的歌会”这个句子说一句话。
给学生鼓励。
2.本文是一篇极富情趣的散文。云南的歌会,与你通过电视或其他途径听过的演唱会,有哪些不同?有什么特点?
3.假如你作为一名游客来到了云南,根据课文的介绍,你喜欢参加哪一种歌会?为什么?
教师教唱几句《刘三姐》对歌中的几句。
同是写唱歌,但侧重点、写法却各不相同,也正是因为这样,文章将云南歌会形式的多样、内容的丰富、个性的独特尽情展示了出来。我们不禁叹服作者的构思是多么精巧!接下来我们一起走进歌会,去感受那一股扑鼻而来的浓郁的乡土气息。
(一)云南的歌会淳朴自然,气势壮观,请同学们说一说,自己读后最喜欢文章的哪一段?为什么?
教师点评。
(二)刚才我们知道了对歌的形式下面我们
精读“山路漫歌”
1.我们再来看看那些赶马女孩,听听她们都唱些什么歌?她们的歌声充满一种什么样的美?
2.既然这样,但作者并不直接写赶马女孩唱歌,而是用许多笔墨去描写由呈贡进城一路的景色。
3.现在请一位同学为我们读一读,同学们边勾画出好词好句,与大家分享。
在这个歌唱场面中,作者移步换景、从视觉听觉比喻拟人描景,侧重写唱歌的环境,请想想,这些内容和“赶马女孩的歌唱“有什么关系?
教师小结。
云南确实有如此美丽的风光,所以作者要一笔一笔,慢慢描绘,为读者画出一幅充满自然情趣的山野风光图,然后再自然而然地写到“赶马女孩的歌唱”。为“赶马女孩的歌唱”创设了一个动人的场景。在美好环境中长大的女孩,自然是歌声动人,情韵动人。山鸟的鸣唱,与“赶马女孩的歌唱”交相应和,交织成一支动人的山野田园交响曲。
4.假如你处在这样的环境中,又是赶马女孩子中的一员,你会唱出什么样的歌?
(三)运用精读“山路漫歌”的阅读方法,阅读“山野对歌”和“村寨传歌”。
“彩云之南游赏罢,踏花归来马蹄香”。
赏读《云南的歌会》这一篇文质兼美的散文,我们似乎与作者进行了一次云南之旅。民俗是生活,它无时无刻不在你的周围,滋养着你,为你的生命提供必须的养分。让我们也捡拾起那些本就存活于我们生命中的美好的东西,让我们的灵魂鲜活起来。我们身边有哪些类似云南歌会般美丽浓郁的民俗呢?你能说给大家听吗?(视频展示过年吃饺子,放鞭炮,迎财神,元宵赏花灯,端午赛龙舟等图片)
(五)布置作业
增强学生的感性认识,激发学生学习兴趣,为下面教学做铺垫。
学生首尾接龙回答问题。
以不同形式朗读课文三个歌唱场面。
文章对三个歌唱场面的描绘在内容上各有侧重,而在写法上也是各不相同的。首先我们让男同学读第一个场面(第2、3自然段)、女同学读第二个场面(第4段)、最后全班齐读第三个场面(第5段)。对于一些重要信息,同学们要边做勾画批注。
学生通过抢答的形式。
引导学生通过朗读、体验、交流等整体把握文章内容,初步领略云南独具特色的民间文化。
说出自己的理由。
学生合唱。
学生各抒己见。
(结合语段相关内容回答)
学生互读课文。
小组的形式。
学生择其精要,探讨品味,分析这些语段的作用和写法。
请同学们闭上眼睛,用心聆听朗读,感受那一种离尘世很远,离心灵却很近的美。
[学生听录音“这条路……接着起飞”]
例:报春花“在轻和微风里不住点头”用了拟人修辞,显得活泼生动,它的蓝色令人疑心“是有意模仿天空而成的”更是奇特的联想,让人感受到花的灵性和花色的纯净。又如,“最有意思的是云雀……”中,“起飞”“扶摇”“盘旋”“唱歌”“钻”等动词把云雀轻捷的身姿、悦耳的鸣叫描绘得栩栩如生。
学生说出自己感受表达的要清晰。
学生说出你对这段内容学到了什么?
找同学用对歌的形式唱出你想说的?你想问的。
学生自主阅读,小组质疑。
小组讨论并回答。
例如:我们先来听听“对调子”都唱些什么?
“多”字说明什么?能不能去掉?
既然“对调子”多唱情歌,那么它采用什么方式唱歌呢?
无论采用何种方式,“对调子”都是什么大比拼?
“金满斗会”呢?这是一个以什么为主要内容的盛会?
从哪里可以看出歌会盛大?
如此壮观的场面,给人的感受如何?
收集当地的民风民俗,学习本文的写法,以“家乡风情”为题,写一篇随笔。
在今天这个五彩缤纷的世界里,我们周围充满了诱惑,我们应该用什么样的心态,面对这个世界,同时包括我自己。感谢沈从文!是他,让我们停下脚步,去体味这些乡野间自在优美的生命;是他,让我们回望来路,去拣拾那些本就存活于我们生命中自然鲜活的基因。在民间感受着美好。
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇二十二
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇二十三
1、学习作者用精妙的文笔描绘三种不同的场面的民歌演唱会的方法。
2、利用学习本文的机会学会观察民俗、民风,体验生活,开展综合性学习。
3、引导朗读,读出语气、语调、读出韵味来,在读中品味。
4、学习本文字里行间洋溢着对自然、对人、对艺术的品味与赞赏。
两课时。
〖教学任务
1、回味家乡的风俗。
2、讨论民歌是一种怎么样的艺术形式?
民歌,就是民间口头流传的诗歌或歌曲,多不知道作者第二姓名。
3、云南民歌简介:
云南是一个多民族的地区,在各族人民生活中,民间歌唱占有特别重要的地位,几乎渗透到生活的各个领域。
他们以歌唱倾诉男女之间互相爱慕,以歌唱激发生产斗争中的劳动热情,一歌唱表示对死者的哀悼,对婚配的祝福,以歌唱抒发丰收的喜悦和节日的快乐。
尤其是那些没有文字的民族,就往往靠那些知识渊博、阅历丰富的老歌手以长篇叙事性歌曲,向本民族群众和青少年传授历史知识、生产知识、生活知识和礼仪知识。
4、沈从文简介。
5、读课文:
给下列加点的字注音:
蹲踞 凹处 譬喻 应和 下坠 淳朴
解释下列词语的含义:
别开生面 哑口无言 若无其事 引经据典 扶摇直上
6、整体感知课文内容:
本文描写了三个场面
山野对歌──山路漫歌──村寨传歌
1、学生朗读课文:
其他学生以“我最喜欢 场面,这里 ”为句式写话。
学生展示自己写的话语,教师总结
分析文章三个场面,各有什么特点,侧重写什么?
“山野对歌”是才情智力的大比拼,主要是写唱歌的人。
“山路漫歌”是即兴的自由歌唱,发于情,自然成趣,侧重写唱歌人所处的自然环境。
“山寨传歌”是一次民歌的大展览,这个场面在写唱歌的盛况。
研讨文章的字里行间洋溢着怎样的情感?
洋溢着作者对民歌的热爱。
对民歌喜爱
对云南的向往,对幸福生活的热爱。
对美好自然的热爱。
总结:也就是洋溢者对自然、对人生、对艺术的品味和赞赏。
2、品味语言:
⑴ 唱的多是情歌酬和,却有种种不同的形式。
“多”字在文中是否可有可无?“种种不同方式”具体是指什么?
⑵ 课文第四段,用了许多笔墨描写了由呈贡进城时一路的景色,写“开满花的小山坡”“各种鸟呼朋引伴”还有戴胜鸟和云雀的歌唱,这些内容和赶马女孩的歌唱有什么关系?你觉得作者写这些有什么用意?
3、比较赏析:
1、以另一种动物开头,写一句话:
最有意思的是云雀,时常面前不远的草丛起飞,一面扶摇盘旋而上,一面唱着歌向碧蓝的天空钻去,仿佛要一直钻透蓝空。
2、学习文中对赛歌妇女的描写,写一个你熟悉的或你自己曾经仔细观察过的人。
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇二十四
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这是一篇极富情趣的散文,生活的美好,人生的美好从作者抒情的笔调中汩汩流淌。教学中以“美”贯穿,在学生听读、自由读、研读、美读等多种朗读形式中,引导学生去发现美,感受美。重点通过对文中重要词语和句段的揣摩,领略文中优美的意境,感受浓郁的民间文化气息。
一、导入
在云南一些少数民族聚居的地区,每逢集会或节日,人们聚集在一起,即兴歌唱,互相问答,游戏传情。那种古老的歌会形式,蕴涵着浓郁的民间文化气息。今天,让我们一起走进《云南的歌会》,去感受那里的民风民俗。
二、初读课文,整体感受“美”
1、教师播放示范朗读磁带,学生循声低和,积累词语:
明确:下列词语的音意:
蹲踞酬和熹微淳朴
即物起兴引经据典悠游自在龙吟凤哕
2、学生自由朗读课文,感受云南歌会淳朴自然的特点,并概括课文内容:
明确:课文主要写了三种不同场合听到的民歌演唱,展示了云南浓浓的民族风情。
三、深入研读,文中探寻“美”
1、学生自由诵读课文,探究:在“歌会”的大标题下,课文写了哪三种不同场合听到的民歌演唱?想一想,这三种场合在内容和写法上有什么不同?
明确:这三种场合分别是:山野对歌、山路漫歌、山寨传歌。
“山野对歌”是才情智力的大比拼,主要写唱歌人。
“山路漫歌”是即兴的自由歌唱,着力描写的是唱歌人所处的优美环境。
“山寨传歌”是一次民歌的大展览,重在写唱歌的场面。
2、请三个学生朗读文中三个场合的描写片断,其他学生凝思想象,思考:云南歌会有何特点和魅力?作者为什么对云南的歌会感兴趣?
明确:云南的歌会淳朴自然,气势壮观,融自然、人生、社会于一体,散发着泥土的气息,泥土的芬芳,有浓郁的地方色彩。
作者借写云南歌会,传达了他对自然、对人、对艺术的品味和鉴赏。生活的美好、人生的美好从作者抒情的笔调中汩汩而出。
四、美读细节,赏析品味“美”
1、找出你感觉最美的文字,用一小段文字解说自己所感受到的美:
例:“那次听到一个年轻妇女一连唱败了三个对手……走过江米酒担子边解口渴去了。”浓墨重彩,工笔描绘,表现出年轻妇女的才情美。
“这条路得通过些果树林……不论唱什么,都充满一种淳朴的本色美。”在这里,作者为读者画出一幅充满自然情趣的山野风光,山花烂漫,山鸟齐唱,与“赶马女孩的歌唱”交相应和,互为辉映,交织成一片动人的山野田园交响曲。
“声音虽极其温柔,合起来却如一片松涛……原来熟人真不少。”写唱法,写唱的场面,写唱的人,在作者娓娓而谈的笔墨中,尽显山寨之风俗,表现出山寨的民风美、人情美。
……
2、屏幕显示下面两段文字,比较一下两段文字在写法上有什么不同。
⑴这种女人在昆明附近村子中多的是。性情开朗活泼,劳动手脚勤快,生长得一张黑中透红枣子脸,满口白白的糯米牙,穿了身毛蓝衣布裤,腰间围个钉满小银片扣花葱绿布围裙,脚下穿双云南乡下特有的绣花透空鞋,油光光辫发盘在头上。
⑵翠翠在风日里长养着,把皮肤变得黑黑的,触目为青山绿水,一对眸子清明如水晶。自然既长养她且教育她,为人天真活泼,处处俨然如一只小兽物。人又那么乖,如山头黄麂一样,从不发愁,从不动气。(《边城》沈从文)
明确:第一段以工笔描绘为主,刻画细腻真实,作者的态度隐含在字里行间。这段文字如同人物肖像:写面容、写牙齿、写衣饰,笔笔细致,如在眼前。
第二段着力描写人物的神韵气度,流露出作者强烈的情感倾向。为了写出人物内在的精神风貌,作者运用了比喻、拟人等手法,意在写出人物空灵动人的精神之美。因此,这段文字显得飘忽灵秀。
五、延伸拓展,课外发现美
课文中写道“或见景生情,即物起兴,用各种丰富譬喻,比赛机智才能。或用提问题方法,等待对方解答。或互嘲互赞,随事押韵,循环无端。”这段文字为我们介绍了云南民歌几种不同的对歌方式。请同学们收集一些民歌民谣,看看它们各属哪个类别。
教师亦可向学生介绍一些。例:《蓝花花》属于见景生情、即物起兴类,《猜调》属于问答类。
采用活动教学法,引导学生与文本、文中人物、作者进行交流,三次对话,从内容到意境再到艺术手法,在层层深入的赏玩品味中,悟得文章之内涵,习得写作之技巧。
一、导入
播放云南风土人情片,酝酿气氛。
二、与文本对话,领略内容之美
对话内容可以是:课文重要记叙了哪些歌会形式呢?文中三个片段在描写时是否各有侧重呢?……
三、与人物对话,感受人情之美
对话内容可以是:年轻妇女,你是怎样击败对手的,击败后的感觉如何?赶马女孩子,在山路上唱歌的感受怎么样?村民们,你们为什么要举行“金满斗会”呢?老前辈,怎么这么大年纪了,还有唱歌的热情?……
四、与作者对话,鉴赏艺术之美
对话内容可以是:作者是如何把文章写得这样富有情趣的?作者最喜欢哪段文字,为什么?作者在文中到底抒发了一种什么样的情感?……
云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇二十七
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云南的歌会板书设计 云南的歌会课件篇二十八
人教版八年级下册16课
1、引导学生赏析品味文中人物描写、环境描写、场面描写中的美点及精彩的语言;
2、从整体把握文章框架,能准确说出文中三个歌唱场面的内容与特点;
3、感受作者笔下美好的生活,培养学生热爱民俗文化的情感。
重点:体会文章三个歌唱场面的描绘在内容上各有侧重,在手法上也各不相同。
难点:理解文中环境描写对表现文章主题的作用。
本文按照“整体感受初欣赏――发现美点欣赏美――训练思维创造美”三步教学,以学生自主、合作、探究的学习方式为主,第一课时,教师在教学过程中起引导作用,致力打开学生思路、激活其思维,引导学生发现美、欣赏美,理解作者的感情;第二课时,充分激发学生的自主意识和探索精神,训练学生思维,领悟课文的写作手法,从而达到创造美的目的。
教学用时:2课时
教学类型:讲读课
1、谈话:我国是个多民族国家,共有多少个民族呢?(五十六个民族)我们国家不仅幅员辽阔,物产丰富,更主要的是每个民族都能歌善舞。下面请同学们就所播放的音像片段猜猜这是哪个少数民族的民歌?
2、趣味竟猜:(云南:蝴蝶泉边《五朵金花》)多媒体播放《五朵金花》的音像片段。根据欣赏到的音像片段谈感受:你觉得这民歌怎么样?(淳朴、亲切、自然、动听)
3、了解云南民歌:
多媒体播放云南民歌的背景资料。(背景资料:云南是一个多民族的地区,在各族人民生活中,民间歌唱活动占有特别重要的地位.几乎渗透到生活中的各个领域。他们以歌唱倾诉男女间的相互爱慕,以歌唱激发生产斗争中的劳动热情,以歌唱抒发丰收的喜悦和节日的欢乐…尤其是那些没有文字的民族,就往往靠那些知识广博阅历丰富的老歌手,以长篇的叙事性歌曲,向本民族群众和青少年传授历史知识、生产知识、生活知识和礼仪知识。因此,在许多民族中,小孩还在牙牙学语的时候也就跟着大人学唱歌了。而一个高明的老歌手也就常常在本民族中得到人们的特别尊重。)
4、板书课题,简介作者:(师过渡:下面就让我们跟随现代作家沈从文一起来欣赏蕴含着浓郁民族气息的云南民歌。)
多媒体显示作者简介:苗族,湖南凤凰人,历任北京大学教授。代表作有小说集《边城》、散文集《湘行散记》、论著《中国古代服饰研究》。曾两度被提名为诺贝尔文学奖评选侯选人。)
1、感知歌会:与朗读带一起读课文。思考:作者在什么地方写了哪三种形式的歌会?并说说理由。(用四字短语回答)
学生讨论后屏幕显示小结归纳:山野对歌、山路漫歌、村寨传歌
师提问过渡:云南歌会带给你的总体感受是什么?请用一个字概括。(美)
2、说说歌会:
选择你最喜欢的一种歌会读一读,并结合具体段落、句子说说你喜欢的原因。(四人小组讨论,选择欣赏一个美点)
a、引导分析、欣赏美点:
按照提示填空,欣赏歌会的美:(多媒体显示)
1)山野对歌美,美在人物。因为这些人物在歌会上的才情对抗,智力比拼令我赞美。
因为他们想到什么就唱什么,这需要才能。
因为这些人的勤劳开朗活泼健康豪爽大方令我赞美。
a、师引导学生分析课文2、3自然段中的描写的人物。
b、引导学生模仿《刘三姐》即兴对歌(多媒体播放《刘三姐》对歌的片段:)
哎,什么水面打筋斗?什么水面起高楼?什么水面撑阳伞?什么水面共白头?
哎,鸭子水面打筋斗,大船水面起高楼,荷叶水面撑阳伞,鸳鸯水面共白头。
2)山路漫歌充满一种和谐美,因为这里写出了唱歌人和自然融为一体的美景,以此衬托了人们的欢乐。比如描写了。
a、学生找出环境描写的语句后,师生一起齐读美句:
一面欣赏土坎边的粉蓝色报春花,在微风里不住点头,总令人疑心那个蓝色竟像是有意模仿天空而成的;一面就听各种山鸟呼朋唤侣,和身边前后三三五五赶马女孩子唱着各种本地悦耳好听的山歌。
b、学生分析这个句子的作用:以环境来衬托人们的欢乐。
c、师小结:这句话相信也引起了大家的共鸣,我们生在美丽的绿林,长在美丽的绿林。自然的美景令我们陶醉。当我们在自然中高声放歌的时候,同样也会引来百鸟来和鸣。而这个句子为“赶马女孩的歌唱”创设了一个动人的场景。在美好环境中长大的女孩,自然是歌声动人,情韵动人。山鸟的鸣唱,与“赶马女孩的歌唱”交相应和,交织成一支动人的山野田园交响曲。
总之,这些内容既是对“赶马女孩的歌唱”的真实写照,又是对中心的铺垫,还是一种烘托映衬――以优美的环境映衬优美的任务优美的歌!
d、拓展想象:那么同学们猜想一下,赶马的女孩会唱什么?
学情分析:也许一派学生说她唱家乡。因为这时蓝天白云,葱翠的树林,山花烂漫的小山坡是那样迷人;花茸茸的戴胜鸟和扶摇盘旋的云雀的歌声是那样悦耳,这么美的景让她想唱就唱,唱出对家乡的热爱。不是有首歌叫《谁不说俺家乡好》吗?她肯定明白这个理。
也许一派学生不同意。他们说这女孩多不过十四五岁,正是情窦初开的年龄,她向往山外的世界,书中有“由呈贡赶火车进城”为证,她没有赶上火车,心里肯定在想城里的缤纷,这时色彩斑斓的山坡和嬉戏鸣叫的鸟儿更加勾起了她对美好未来的向往之情,情到深处便唱出“外面的世界很精彩”。
也许还有反驳这两种的,他们认为:赶马女孩想到什么就唱什么,并不囿于前面的内容,因为作者写到“在昆明乡下,一年四季,早晚都可以听到各种美妙有情的歌声”。这不是普通有情的歌声,这歌声浓缩着云南人民的热情奔放,率真纯朴,这赶马女孩只是作者所见的一景……
师小结:其实老师让大家探讨这个问题并非是要有一个明确的答案,因为这个问题也不可能有一个唯一的答案。但是通过这唱什么的讨论,我们感受到了云南绮丽的风光养育了云南人民美妙的歌声,这真是“一方水土养一方人”。沈从文正是从这一角度告诉我们有这方美的水土才有这方美的人。的确我们可以体会到作者沈从文赞赏这种“发乎性情,自然成趣”的民俗美。
3)村寨传歌,美在它唱的人之多,时间之长让我们惊叹,比如场面宏大,气势壮观,特写了一个老吹鼓手。
美在它金满斗会。
美在它热爱生活的人多!因为他们都是一身收拾得清洁爽利...
美在它是一次民歌的展览,是一间传授民歌的课堂。
4)小结歌会:(多媒体显示)
观看了这场歌会,我想为鼓掌!因为它美!。
(歌美、景美、人美、情美、文化美)
b、师小结,屏幕板书:
山野对歌——见景生情——才情智力的大比拼
即物起兴
山路漫歌——自由歌唱——自然、淳朴的本色美
自然成趣
村寨传歌——金满斗会——场面宏伟,气势壮观
老幼咸集
3、归纳作者的情感:
文章虽是为云南的歌会而写,却用大量的笔墨写了云南的人、云南的景、云南的情,这样写,你能从文中又感受到作者一种怎样的情感呢?
(对自然、人、艺术的品味与赞赏)
文章描绘了山野对歌,山路漫歌,村寨传歌三种场合中唱歌的情景,向我们展示一幅幅风光旖旎的民俗图画。生活的美好和人生的美好在作者抒情的笔调中凸现在读者面前。文章的字里行间也洋溢着作者对自然、人生、艺术的品味与赞赏。
上节课我们初读课文《云南的歌会》,理清了文章脉络,欣赏了充满浓郁民族风情的云南歌会,也感悟了作者的思想感情。这是一篇富有情趣的散文,字里行间洋溢着对自然、对人、对艺术的品味与赞赏。生活的美好、人生的美好在作者抒情的笔调中汩汩流淌而出。
1、以不同形式朗读课文三个歌唱场面。
文章对三个歌唱场面的描绘在内容上各有侧重,而在写法上也是各不相同的。首先我们让男同学读第一个场面(第2、3自然段)、女同学读第二个场面(第4段)、最后全班齐读第三个场面(第5段)。对于一些重要信息,同学们要边做勾画批注。
[学生读后,教师评价朗读并过渡:虽然同是写唱歌,但侧重点、写法却各不相同,也正是因为这样,文章将云南歌会形式的多样、内容的丰富、个性的独特尽情展示了出来。我们不禁叹服作者的构思是多么精巧!]
2、问题探究,分析人物刻画方法
1)、在三种不同形式的歌会中,作者都进行了细腻的人物刻画,请跳读课文,划出三处人物描写的句子。看看作者分别写了哪三种人?
讨论后明确:山野对歌重点写的是年轻妇女;山路漫歌重点描写的是赶马的女孩子;村寨传歌重点刻画的是一个年过七十的吹鼓手。
2)、在三个歌会中,作者重点刻画这三种人的目的分别是什么?
学生可以自由选择自己喜欢的人物来进行分析。分析时必须先感情朗读相关描写的句子,然后结合具体语句和关键词语分析作用。
山野对歌重点写的是年轻妇女。她一连唱败了三个对手,作者描写她胜利时轻松愉快的神态,拍拍灰土的动作,既表现了山野对歌时活泼欢快的场面,更赞扬了朴素的劳动妇女的聪明机智。
山路漫歌重点描写的是赶马的女孩子。作者着力描写她们稚嫩的略带沙哑的嗓音,是为了突出山路漫歌时的淳朴本色美。
村寨传歌重点刻画的是一个年过七十的吹鼓手。只见他牙齿早脱光了,但却能十分热情地整本整套地唱歌。唱的内容不仅有爱情故事,嘲烟鬼,骂财主样样在行,像个“歌库”。作者对吹鼓手的描写衬托了村民们参加盛会的热情,同时也写出云南歌会代代传歌这一特色。
3)、作者在对这三个人物进行描写时在写法上有什么相同点和不同点?
学生讨论后明确:相同点,都对人物进行了细致的外貌描写。
不同点是,描写刻画人物时方法各不相同。
请学生结合语句作具体分析。例如:山野对歌作者采用由点到面的方法来描写人物。点是对一个年轻妇女的描写,但紧接着在第三段作者说“这种年轻女人在昆明附近村子中多的是。”继而由点及面泛泛描写众多云南年轻妇女的性情,脸庞,白白的糯米牙,穿着打扮,特别是抓住云南少数民族服饰的特色来描写了她们的衣裤、围裙、鞋等美丽的装饰。由此可见在这里作者的目的不是赞扬一个妇女的美丽和聪明机智,而是云南整个少数民族地区劳动妇女的勤劳、美丽和智慧。
再如,山路漫歌,作者在刻画赶马的女孩子时,并没有对她们的外貌进行更多的正面描写,而是通过对云南美丽风光的描写来侧面烘托赶马女孩的美丽,歌唱的优美动听。
村寨传歌中对吹鼓手的描写着重年龄和会唱的歌之多,以此表现云南歌会参加人员广泛,风俗久远,为群众盛会的特色。
(提示:我们可以抓住动词、形容词、副词和修辞手法来赏析好词好句)
例:报春花“在轻和微风里不住点头”用了拟人修辞,显得活泼生动,它的蓝色令人疑心“是有意模仿天空而成的”更是奇特的联想,让人感受到花的灵性和花色的纯净。又如,“最有意思的是云雀……”中,“起飞”“扶摇”“盘旋”“唱歌”“钻”等动词把云雀轻捷的身姿、悦耳的鸣叫描绘得栩栩如生
4)、通过对三种歌会中人物的细致分析,我们可以得到人物描写时的哪些启示呢?
学生讨论后明确:(1)人物刻画为主题服务,不能脱离文章主题独立描写人物;⑵人物刻画的方法是多样的。可以正面描写,可以侧面烘托,特别是运用环境描写的方法来衬托人物是一个好办法;可以由点到面,由具体到概括地描写一类人。
5)拓展比较,学习人物描写方法
a、屏幕显示课后练习:在云南歌会中,作者抓住人物外貌描写为我们刻画了三个栩栩如生的人物形象,可是同学们,你们知道么?同样是描写外貌,却能有不同的写法呦。请比较下面两段人物描写在写法上有什么不同?你喜欢哪一种?为什么?
①这种年轻女人在昆明附近村子中多的是。性情开朗活泼,劳动手脚勤快,生长得一张黑中透红枣子脸,满口白白的糯米牙,穿了身毛蓝布衣裤,腰间围个钉满小银片扣花葱绿布围裙,脚下穿双云南乡下特有的绣花透孔鞋,油光光辫发盘在头上。
②翠翠在风日里长养着,把皮肤变得黑黑的,触目为青山绿水,一对眸子清明如水晶。自然既长养她且教育她,为人天真活泼,处处俨然如一只小兽物。人又那么乖,如山头黄麂一样,从不想到残忍事情,从不发愁,从不动气。(沈从文《边城》)
(一)下面两段人物描写在写法上有什么不同?你喜欢哪一种?为什么?
1.这种年轻女人在昆明附近村子中多的是,性情开朗活泼,劳动手脚勤快,生长得一张黑中透红枣子脸,满口白白的糯米牙,穿了身毛蓝布衣裤,腰间围个钉满小银片扣花葱绿布围裙,脚下穿双云南乡下特有的绣花透孔鞋,油光光辫发盘在头上。
2.翠翠在风日里长养着,把皮肤变得黑黑的,触目为青山绿水。一对眸子清明如水晶。自然既长养她且教育她,为人天真活泼,处处俨然如一只小兽物。人又那么乖,如山头黄麂一样,从不想到残忍事情,从不发愁,从不动气。《沈从文<边城>》
(明确:两段人物描写不同点是个别与群体,一重精神,一重具体的衣服。第二段文字还运用了比喻的修饰方法,把人物描写得惟妙惟肖。)
请同学们分组讨论,发表见解。
学生分组讨论后,请小组代表发言。要求:先朗读人物描写片断;结合人物描写中具体语言作分析。
学生讨论后明确:第一段以工笔描绘为主,刻画细腻真实,作者的态度隐含在字里行间。这段文字如同一幅人物肖像:写面容、写牙齿、写衣饰,笔笔细致,如在眼前。
第二段着力描写人物的神韵气度,流露出作者强烈的情感倾向。为了写出人物内在的精神风貌,作者运用了比喻、拟人等手法,意在写出人物空灵动人的精神之美。因此,这段文字显得飘忽灵秀。
通过比较两种不同的人物描写方法,在刻画人物方面你又得到哪些启示呢?
学生总结:(1)对人物外貌的描写可以写实,更可以写虚。对人物外貌的描写过去我们更多进行的是简单的衣着、面容、神态等的描写,以写实为主,但今天比较过后明白了:人物外貌描写同样可以刻画出人物的精神风貌,描写人物的神韵气度。(2)在描写外貌时,为了写出人物内在的精神风貌,可以运用比喻、拟人等手法,写出人物空灵动人的精神之美。
b、训练落实描写人物的方法:
请班上唱歌唱得好的学生即兴唱上一段歌曲,让学生采用一些描写人物的方法来描写这个“歌手”。
赏读《云南的歌会》这一篇文质兼美的散文,我们似乎与作者进行了一次云南之旅。在作者引领下,我们对自然、对人、对艺术进行了一番品味,我们领略到了我国民歌文化的丰富多彩和浓郁的民族风情,同时在作者的笔下,我们读出了生活的美好、人生的美好。同学们,生活就像歌声一样美好,让我们更加热爱生活,也热爱那美丽浓郁的民俗文化吧!本文对云南歌会的介绍,让我们领略到了我国民歌文化的丰富多彩,同时让我们知道生活中有歌就有欢乐。
民俗是生活,它无时无刻不在你的周围,滋养着你,为你的生命提供必须的养分。我们身边有哪些类似云南歌会般美丽浓郁的民俗呢?(赛龙舟、扭秧歌、打腰鼓、舞龙狮、踩高跷)这些都是我们京山人民的智慧和情感的结晶。
收集当地的民风民俗,学习本文的写法,以“家乡风情”为题,写一篇文章。
附:板书:
山野对歌——见景生情——才情智力的大比拼
即物起兴
山路漫歌——自由歌唱——自然、淳朴的本色美
自然成趣
村寨传歌——金满斗会——场面宏伟,气势壮观
老幼咸集
(对自然、人、艺术的品味与赞赏)

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