研究所建于1958年，集医学科学研究和生物制品研制生产为一体。主要从事医学病毒学、免疫学、分子生物学技术、医学遗传学、分子流行病学及以灵长类动物为主的实验动物及动物实验技术的基础和应用研究，进行疫苗、免疫制品和基因工程产品的规模化生产；是“世界卫生组织肠道病毒参考研究合作中心”；是北京协和医学院（清华大学医学部）硕士和博士学位授予点。

　　研究所具有悠久的生物制品生产历史，是我国最大的口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗研制生产基地。疫苗自60年代上市至今，已生产并向全国儿童计划免疫累计提供50多亿人份。疫苗的使用使我国脊髓灰质炎的发病率自六十年代末的3．18/10万下降到1995年后不再有野毒株引起的病例报告，为中国控制和消灭脊髓灰质炎并保持无脊灰状态做出了巨大贡献。研究所还是我国最大的系列化甲型肝炎疫苗研制生产基地。疫苗自1992年上市以来，已生产并向全国累计提供1亿多人份，为中国控制甲型肝炎的爆发流行、降低发病率发挥了重要作用。

　　研究所在五十年的发展历程中，得到了党和国家领导人的多次亲切关怀，经历了四个重要层面的技术提升，形成了目前支撑各项工作发展的研究、技术和管理体系。长期发展过程中形成的医学科学研究积淀，奠定了坚实宽广的应用基础研究和产品开发研究基础，培养了一支实力雄厚的人才队伍；悠久的生物制品生产和营销历史，积累了丰富的生产和质量管理经验，建立了专业规范的市场营销管理体系；超过1万平方米的科研大楼和先进的仪器、设备、设施，为基础研究和生物制品研制奠定了良好的硬件基础；按照欧洲GMP标准设计建造的主要生产厂房，为生产达到国际先进水平的高质量生物制品提供了有利的保证。

　　研究所具有丰富的灵长类动物资源和长期的动物实验技术积累，其所属的“全国医学灵长类研究中心”，是我国最大的灵长类实验动物研究基地，在灵长类动物的饲养、繁殖、疾病控制、遗传背景及动物实验标准化建立研究等方面均处于国内领先地位。此外，研究所目前正在进行国家发改委批准的“国家昆明高等级生物安全灵长类动物实验中心” 项目建设。项目建成后，将成为我国传染性疾病发现、控制、预防研究的重要基础平台，为各种传染性病原体的病原学、流行病学、致病机理等相关研究提供安全的环境。

　　展望未来，研究所将在团结、求实、创新和奉献精神激励下，以奉献人类健康事业为使命，以共创人类健康财富为追求，向着中国医学生物学领域中完全具备医学科学应用基础研究、生物制品研制与规模化生产为一体的综合性研究所目标奋进。

　　The Institute is founded in 1958 and integrates basic medical research with development and production of biological products． It is mainly involved in basic and applied research in these fields： medical virology， immunology， molecular biological technology， medical genetics， molecular epidemiology， experimental zoology and animal experimental technology with primate， large－scale production of vaccines， immunological and genetic engineering products． It is “WHO Collaborative and Research Center on Enteroviruses”， as well as master’s and doctor’s degree conferring unit of the Peking Union Medical College （Medical School of Tsinghua University）．

　　The Institute has a long history of producing biological products． It is the largest research and production base for live attenuated oral poliomyelitis vaccine （OPV） in China． From the 1960s when the OPV is licensed to now， more than 50 billion doses have been supplied to the national Expanded Programme on Immunization （EPI）， which reduces the incidence of poliomyelitis from 3．18/100000 reported at the end of the 1960s to no case report caused by wild strain from 1995 to now， and makes a great contribution to the control and eradication of poliomyelitis in China． The Institute is the largest research and production base for hepatitis A vaccines （HAV） as well． From the 1992 when the HAV is licensed to now， more than 1 billion doses have been supplied to the Chinese market， which plays an essential role in controlling the prevalence， outbreaks and reducing the incidence of hepatitis A in China．

　　The Institute receives amicable cares from the State leaders in the course of 50 years’ development； undergoes 4 important technology renovations， establishes current research， technological and management systems． The medical research accumulation in long－term development lies down solid and extensive basis for applied basic research and development of new products， and trains large numbers of innovative talents and staff． Long history of vaccine production and marketing accumulate abundant experiences in production and quality management， and sets up professional and normative marketing management system． The scientific research building of more than 10000 m2 and advanced instrument， equipment and facilities creates excellent conditions for medical basic research and development of new biological products． The main production premises designed and constructed according to the European GMP standard provide a good guarantee for producing high－quality biological products up to international standards．

　　The Institute has abundant primate resources and long－term animal experimental technology accumulation． Its affiliated “National Medical Primate Research Center” is the largest primate research base that plays a leading role in breeding， reproduction， disease control， genetic background studies of primate and animal experimental standardization set up in China． In addition， the Institute is constructing a national key project – “Kunming National High－level Biosafety Research Center for Non－human Primate” approved by the National Development and Reform Commission， which will become an important basic research platform for discovering， monitoring and controlling， preventing infectious diseases in China， and provide national high－level biosafety research labs （BSL3/4）， where studies of etiology， epidemiology and pathogenesis etc． of infectious diseases can be undertaken．

　　In the future， the Institute will move forward to the target of a comprehensive institution in medical biological field in China combining applied basic researches of medical sciences with research and development and large－scale production of biological products under the encouraging spirits of “Union， practicing， creative， devoted”， and the mission of “dedicating to human health care service”， and the pursuit of “creating human health wealth”．