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  Ⅰ.Vocabulary (30 minutes, 30 points)

  (1) Directions: There are fifteen incomplete sentences with one word or two words missing in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence。

  1. People should not take good constitution for granted, for human genetic code is ______ the development of ______。

  A. liable to... anomalies     

  B. predestined for... discomfort

  C. predisposed to... disease   

  D. indicative of... wholesomeness

  2. Nobody came to see me while I was out, _______ ?

  A. did they   B. didn’t they    C. did she   D. did me

  3. Aged just four, Josephine Hawkins is already at ease with her computer and the Internet, _______ clicking her mouse on Disney sites to download images of her favorite characters。

  A. confidentially     B. confidently     C. appreciatively     D. conscientiously

  4. He never hesitates to make _______ criticisms _______ are considered helpful to others。

  A. so …that      B. so …as     C. such… that     D. such…as

  5. The policy ______ made, the next problem was how to carry it out。

  A. having been      B. being   C. had been     D. was

  6. Susan is a devoted daughter, always very _______ to the needs of her old parents。

  A. attentive       B. observant    C. recurrent     D. earnest

  7. Overall, it is going to become much easier for people to communicate ______the Net。

  A. by               B. in            C. over              D. onto

  8. The hidden room is _____only through a secret back entrance。

  A. obtainable    B. achievable          C. attainable         D. accessible    

  9.He was so ______by his work that he did not notice that other employees had already left。

  A. prevailed      B. predominated        C. prescribed        D. preoccupied

  10. Please ______ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them。

  A. restrain      B. hinder          C. restrict         D. prohibit

  11. When the crowd saw the prize-fighter stretched out on the canvas, shouts and cheers _______ from it。

  A. broke up     B. broke forth      C. broke through         D. broke upon

  12. When a friend hurts you, your instinct is to protect yourself but that makes it harder to______ up problems。

  A. tackle            B. patch          C. handle          D. dispose

  13. It is bad manners to _______ other people behind their backs。

  A. do up            B. do by          C. do away with     D. do down

  14. That _____ the case, we have to make some changes in our plan。

  A. is             B. was         C. being        D. has been

  15.Einstein, who worked out his theory of relativity, lived to a _____ old age。

  A. ripe        B. mature      C. perfect       D. mellow

  16. Jean Wanger’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it _____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference。

  A. is to be analyzed              B. has been analyzed   

  C. be analyzed                  D. should have been analyzed

  17. Looking back at all ______ had happened, he couldn’t help crying。

  A. which      B. that        C. what        D. this

  18.The clerk in the patent office said to his boss:“Look,I am not drunk. I’m as _____ as a judge。”

  A. sober       B. somber       C. steady      D. clear

  19. The motion picture is only a series of still photographs which are ______ and viewed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement and continuity。

  A. split        B. spilt         C. spun        D. spliced

  20.There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently _____ what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic。

  A. giving        B. gave        C to give      D given

  21. As a politician, she has to have the _____  of inspiring confidence in her listeners。

  A. fluke         B. knack      C. frenzy        D. venison

  22. Vanity is his Achilles' _________ 。

  A .heel             B .ankle             C. arm              D. leg

  23. Bad office planning will ________ both the employee and the employer and affect the performance of their duties。

  A. increase        B. extend      C augment         D. stretch

  24. A tree squirrel characteristically has long, plume-like tail that helps slow _____whenever it falls from high places。

  A. it descends         B. its descent     C. to descend   D. it is descending 

  25. If you ______ the bottle and cigarettes, you’ll be much healthier。

  A. take off     B. keep off     C. get off     D. set off

  26. Peter was ______ the football with him but he had forgotten。

  A. to have brought      B. to bring      C. to have been brought     D. to be bringing

  27. Cynic believe that people who _______ compliments do so in order to be praised twice。

  A. bask in            B. give out       C. gloat over        D. shrug off

  28. The individual TV viewer invariably sense that he or she is ________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience。

  A. everything except    B. anything but   C. no less than   D. nothing more than

  29. ________when she started complaining。

  A. Not until he arrived        B. No sooner had he arrived      

  C. Hardly had he arrived      D. Scarcely did he arrived

  30. Someone must have_______ about among my papers, for my drawer is in a mess。

  A. rampaged   B. rehearsed   C. rummaged  D. researched

  (2) Directions: There are ten sentences in this part with one word or phrase underlined in each sentence. From the four choices given, choose one that best explains or defines the underlined part in each sentence。(10 points)

  1. The findings of the two archaeologists threw light on the burial customs of the ancient Egyptians。

  A. paid attention to       B. gave faith to

  C. helped to make clear of     D. gained insight into

  2. After realizing that their daughter was incurably ill, the Reynolds family changed their minds about euthanasia

  A. penalty      B. capital sentence      C. degradation      D. mercy killing

  3. A judicious parent encourages his children to make their own decisions。

  A. judicial      B. illustrious          C. wise           D. precarious

  4. John boasted that he could finish the job all by himself in no time。

  A. very rapidly   B. in time         C. on time        D. at any moment

  5. Just as work and educational opportunities for women were limited in the 1800’s, their legal rights were also circumscribed。

  A. reserved      B. preserved      C. perverted       D. restricted

  Ⅱ. Identify errors in the following sentences and correct them. (20 points)

  (1) Mrs. Jackson saw the helicopter raise into the sky。

  (2)Nobody besides little John thinks that a trip by bus is exciting。

  (3)The Great Wall is the famous tourist site in world。

  (4)A severe illness when she was just nineteen months old deprived the well-know writer Joseph Kate both her sight and her hearing。

  (5)I regret having left my daughter at home; I should bring her with me。

  (6) Football and baseball, which played in the United States today, are basically modifications of games that originated in England。

  (7)Much though he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank。

  (8)David Singer, my friend’s father, while raised and educated in New York, lived and lectured in Africa most of his life。

  (9) I forgot doing it。

  (10) This is marvelous, isn’t it?

  Ⅲ. Cloze Test (20 points)

  Fill in each bland with one suitable word from the four choices

  Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion about it, __1___ develop a point of view. But this hasn't stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing__2___ the early conventional wisdom about digital cameras-they're neat__3___for your PC, but they're not suitable for everyday picture taking。

  The fans are wrong. More than anything else, digital cameras are radically__4__what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography __5___     we know is beginning to seem out of _6__with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder_7___,saving pictures as digital__8__ and watching them on TV is no less practical-and in many ways more__9__ than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be__10___。

  Paper is also terribly_11__. Pictures that are incorrectly framed, 12 , or lighted are nonetheless committed to film and ultimately processed into prints。

  The digital medium changes the 13 . Still images that are 14 digitally can immediately be shown on a computer 15 , a TV screen, or a small liquid crystal display (LCD)built rights into the camera. And since the points of light that__16__an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory,_17___ being permanently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted_ 18 。

  What's it like to_19with one of these digital cameras? It's a little like a first date—exciting, confusing and fraught with_20 。

  1. A.rather than            B. more than        C. much less        D. so as to

  2. A. on                    B with              C.to              D. by

  3. A. attachments            B. auxiliaries        C. attributes         D. counterparts

  4. A. reexplaining            B. rearranging        C. reexposing       D. redefining

  5. A. though                B. if                C. as              D. unless

  6. A rate                   B. pace              C. step             D. speed

  7. A.environment            B. civilization        C. community       D. culture

  8. A files                  B. documents         C.programs         D.softwarws

  9. A. appealing              B. facilitating         C.enlightening     D. encouraging

  10. A converted              B. developed         C. exposed          D. evolved

  11. A. unforgiving                        B. unperceiving

  C. unconsidering                      D. unsympathizing

  12. A. aimed                B. targeted            C. focused          D. pointed

  13. A. regulations            B. rules              C. disciplines        D. principles

  14. A gripped                B. seized             C. grasped          D. captured

  15. A. demonstrator           B. exhibitor           C. monitor         D. transmitter

  16. A. constitute             B. illumine            C. penetrate         D. dissolve

  17. A. in case               B. rather than           C. as well as         D. as though

  18. A. on digit               B. on cable            C. as well as         D. as though

  19. A. fire                   B. maneuver          C. operate            D. shoot

  20. A. chances             B. probabilities        C. opportunities       D. possibilities

  Ⅳ.   Read the following four passages and answer the questions after each passage. (20%, 2 points for each question)

  Passage One

  Intelligence tests have been involved in the promotion of eugenics, the idea that you could control the human race by selective breeding. Francis Galton---one of the pioneers of intelligence tests-was also a founding member of the Eugenics Society in the UK. The belief that intelligence is biologically determined in the make-up of the brain, and therefore to some extent genetically determined, is widely accepted. But a number of researchers over the years have used this idea to advocate social change. Using intelligence as one of their factors, Hernstein and Murray’s controversial book, The Bell Curve(1994) argued that differences in IQ scored between racial groups reflect innate biological differences。

  The Bell Curve is a graph that plots the range of IQ scores of an average population. However, it can be interpreted in many ways, and when the intelligence of the whole human race is in question, the stakes are high. Critics argue that the way intelligence is measured contains a high level of random variation and therefore it’s impossible to generalize it all into one graph. However, belief in the Bell Curve and in the genetic, rather than social, basis for intelligence has unfortunately led to the propagation of many racist ideas. Evidence to suggest social factors are important in ‘ intelligence’ is strong. The US military tested recruits to assign rank and found that black applicants scored lower than whites. However, analysis of the recruits were found to be due to educational differences; black recruits scored very low until the 1950s, when an increase in score corresponded to improved educational standards for all。

  In spring 1998, Robert Plomin claimed to have discovered a gene linked with intelligence. More recently, the Human Genome Project is cautious when approaching areas implying racial differences since research actually shows greater genetic differences within races than between races. However, not all individuals are endowed with the same intelligence and many believe this must have something to do with our genes and the way they interact with the environment. Identical twins are more likely to obtain the same score in an IQ test than twins from two separate eggs that have a different genetic make up。

  It is important to remember that genes work by interacting with the environment, so social factors will also influence intelligence. Intelligence tests may be more of an assessment of social factors, such as your educational background. Black children adopted into white middle class families score significantly higher on average than those in working class families-implying a cultural slant to tests. It is impossible to devise questions without some cultural of gender bias; boys tend to do better in spatial tests whereas are believed to have influenced improved IQ scores across the board. Good nutrition means an individual is able to function well both physically and mentally. Although many believe this plays a role in intelligence, it is very difficult to assess。

  What is the text mainly about?

  A. The book of The Bell Curve            

  B. Factors that determine or influence intelligence

  C. IQ intelligence tests

  D. Racial difference and racialism

  2. According to paragraph 1, it is widely believed that ________ 。

  A. the human race would be control through different ways of upbringing。

  B. intelligence is closely related to genes in some degree。

  C. biological differences contribute a lot to different IQ scores between races。

  D. eugenics employ IQ tests to promote eugenics。

  3. The graph in the book of Bell Curve _______。

  A. introduce genetic factors as well as social ones in intelligence

  B. is criticized by critics as unscientific and incomprehensive

  C. is obviously meant to advocate racist ideas

  D. strong evidence used by US military in analyzing recruits

  4. Which of the following is untrue according to the text?

  A. Racists employ the idea of genetic determination in intelligence to propagate racialism。

  B. According to the US military analysis, differences in IQ tests scores are caused by genetic factors。

  C. Blacks may be more genetically different between themselves than compared with whites。

  D. It is believed by many people that intelligence is related to our genes and their interaction with social factors。

  5. According to the author, intelligence tests ________ 。

  A. can always be impartial

  B. evaluate more of the genetic influence rather than social factors

  C. may be designed with cultural or gender bias

  D. reflect that good nutrition influences intelligence。

  Passage Two

  Climatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere ----- for example, in the relative proportions of atmospheric gases ----- the climate would probably changed also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance , would increase the heat ------ retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth’s surface。

  The level of carbon dioxide, CO2 , in the atmosphere has an important effect on climatic change. Most of the Earth’s incoming energy is short-wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as long-wavelength radiation, which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2 whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430℃. If the CO2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3℃。

  If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activity, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased. A warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2 would probably increase. As a consequence, plants would use more and more CO2 . Eventually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperature would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred there might be a long-term oscillation in the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature in creases and decreases of a set magnitude。

  Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature increase of at least 1℃.But a supposed global temperature rise of 1℃ may in reality be only several regional temperature increases restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas for example the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations。

  6. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

  Why are projections of the effects of changes in water vapor levels on the climate so    inaccurate?

  What are the steps in the process that takes place as CO2 absorbs long-wavelength radiation?

  How might our understanding of the green house effect be improved if the burning of fossil fuels were decreased?

  D. What might cause a series of regular increases and decreases in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?

  7. The author is primarily concerned with

  A. explaining the effects that the burning of fossil fuels might have on climate

  B. illustrating the effects of CO2 on atmospheric radiation

  C. discussing effects that changes in the CO2 level in the atmosphere might have on climate

  D. challenging hypotheses about the effects of water vapor and CO2 on climate

  8. The passage suggests that a large decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere would result in

  A. at least a slight decrease in global temperatures

  B. at the most a slight increase in short-wavelength radiation reaching the Earth

  C. a slight long-term increase in global temperatures

  D. a large long-term increase in the amount of volcanic activity

  9. The author refers to Venus primarily in order to

  A. show the inherent weakness of the greenhouse effect theory

  B. show that the greenhouse effect works on other planets but not on Earth

  C. show the extent to which Earth’s atmosphere differs from that of Venus

  D. support the argument that the CO2 level in the atmosphere has a significant effect on climate

  10. The passage suggests that if there were a slight global warming at the present time, it would be

  A. easy to measure the exact increase in temperature because of the abundance of temperature recording stations throughout the world

  B. difficult to measure the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere because of local variations in amounts

  C. easy to demonstrate the effects of the warming on the water vapor in the atmosphere

  D. difficult to prove that the warming was caused by the burning of fossil fuels

  11. The discussion of climate in the passage suggests which of the following conclusions?

  Ⅰ. Climate is not perfectly stable, and slight regional temperature variations can be considered a normal feature of the environment。

  Ⅱ. We are unable at present to measure global temperature changes precisely

  Ⅲ. The most important cause of regional climatic fluctuations is the change in CO2 levels in the atmosphere。

  A. Ⅰonly               

  B. Ⅲ. Only   

  C. ⅠandⅡ only  

  D. Ⅱand Ⅲ.only

  12.  All of the following can be found in the author’s discussion of climate Except

  A. a statement about the effects of increased volcanic activity on the Earth’s temperatures

  B. an indication of the effect of an increase in water vapor in the atmosphere

  C. a contrast between two theories about the effects of a lowering of CO2 levels in the atmosphere

  D. a generalization of about the efficiency of meteorological recording stations

  Passage Three

  Americans are probably the most pain-conscious people on the fact of the earth. For years we have had it drummed into us-in print, on radio, over television, in everyday conversation-that any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil. As a result we are becoming a nation of pill-grabbers, escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal。

  We know very little-about pain and what we don't know makes it hurt all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about pain-what it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off the names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable cause, there is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self-limiting, that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking, excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern society。

  The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse: Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers-aspirins, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesic drugs. Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings of a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run to a doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache。

  The king of all painkillers, of course, is aspirins. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription, but the drug, contrary to popular belief, can be dangerous and, on sustained doses, potentially lethal. Aspirin is self-administered by more people than any other drug in the world. Some people are aspirin-poppers, taking ten or more a-day. What they don't know is that the smallest dose can cause internal bleeding. Even more serious perhaps is the fact that aspirin is antagonistic to collagen, which has a key role in the formation of connective tissue. Since many forms of arthritis involve disintegration of the connective tissue, the steady use of aspirin can actually intensify the underlying arthritic condition。

  Given a modicum of respect, people ought to know that nothing is more remarkable about the human body than its recuperative drive instead of addiction to painkiller, which is also what our government should do。

  13. The underlined phrase escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal (line 4, paragraph) is most probably mentioned to denote that_ 。

  A.American people cannot endure even the tiniest ache because of the abuse of painkillers。

  B. American people cannot undergo pain as if it is an ordeal。

  C.American people have escalated their ability to endure every kind of pain。

  D.American people have grabbed analgesic drugs of the whole nation。

  14. According to the 2nd paragraph of the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

  Illiteracy in the United States is widespread and causes a great deal of pain and hurt。

  Even the most illiterate people can name a dozen of drugs that can restrain pain。

  Sometimes pain is the result of many mental factors, such as tension, worry, stress, etc。

  A person who cannot restrain pain by oneself is often regarded unhealthy。

  15. Which of the following statement is true about America or American people?

  A. Some American people take overdose of analgesic drugs and become drug addict。

  B. American doctors are frustrated by the abuse of painkillers。

  C. American physicians cannot give the patients correct diagnosis and treatment。

  D.American people go to see doctors once there is a small hint of pain。

  16. What does the author think about aspirin?

  A.It cannot be bought unless one has the doctor's prescription。

  B  It can be potentially lethal, but it doesn′t hurt the body on sustained does。

  C  It can cure arthritis besides killing pain。

  D  It will probably lead to arthritis if it is frequently used。

  17.  What is the author's attitude toward analgesic drug?

  A. Negative. B. Positive. C.Critical     D. Prudential。

  Ⅴ.Translation (30points)’’

  1. Two Chinese-English Translation (30points)

  Translate the following passages into Chinese . Give the number of each passage in your answer sheet。

  Passage 1

  Although a great deal has been said about our increasingly visual age, the changes to our aural landscape have gone relatively unremarked. The image has grown so voracious that any child asked to sum up the century will instantly visualize Einstein’s hair and Hilter’s mustache, mushroom clouds and moon landings; this despite the fact that each of these visual moments has its aural correlative, from the blast over Hiroshima to the high-pitched staccato ravings of the Fiihrer, to Neil Armstrong’s static-ridden “giant leap for mankind”。

  Passage2

  Meanwhile the wineglasses had flushed yellow and flushed crimson; had been emptied; had been filled. And thus by degrees was lit, halfway down the spine ,which is the seat of the soul, not that hard little electric light which we call brilliance, as it pops in and out upon our lips, but the more profound, subtle, and subterranean glow, which is the rich yellow flame of rational intercourse. No need to hurry. No need to sparkle. No need to be anybody but oneself。

  2.Translate the following passages into English。

  从北平来的人往往说在上海这地方怎么“呆”得住①。一切都这样紧张②。空气是这样龌龊。走出去很难得看见树木。诸如此类,他们可以举出一大堆。我想,月亮仿佛失掉了这一点,也该列入他们认为上海“呆”不住的理由吧。假若如此,我倒并不同意。在生活得诸般条件里列入必须看月亮一项,那是没有理由的。清旷的胸襟和高远的想象力未必定须由对月而养成。把仰望的双眼移到地面③,同样可以收到修养上的效益,而且更见切实。可是我并非反对看月亮,只是说即使不看也没有什么关系罢了。

  Ⅵ. Writing (20 points)

  Directions: In this part you should write a composition of no less than 300 words

  Language, Literature and life

  答案

  Ⅰ Vocabulary

  (1). Directions: There are fifteen incomplete sentences with one word or two words missing in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence。(30 points)

  1.【A】 2.【A】 3. 【B】 4.【D】5.【A】 6.【A】 7.【C】8.【D】 9. 【D】 10.【A】 11.【B】

  12. 【B】

  13. 【D】 14.【C】 15. 【A】 16.【C】17. 【B】 18. 【A】

  19. 【D】 20. 【A】 21 【B】

  22. 【A】23. 【D】

  24.【B】 25. 【B】26. 【A】 27. 【D】 28. 【D】 29. 【C】 30. 【C】

  (2)Directions: There are ten sentences in this part with one word or phrase underlined in each sentence. From the four choices given, choose one that best explains or defines the underlined part in each sentence。

  1. 【C】 2. 【D】  3. 【C】4. 【A】5.  【D】

  Ⅱ. Identify errors in the following sentences and correct them。

  (1) raise应改为raising。

  (2) besides改成but。

  (3) “in world”应改为“in the world”。

  (4)both之前加of 。

  (5) “should bring”改为“should have brought”

  (6) which改为as

  (7) “much though”不合语法习惯,应改为“much as”

  (8) while改为though。

  (9)把本题改为I forgot about doing it。

  (10)把“isn’t this”改为 “isn’t it”。

  Ⅲ Cloze Test

  1.【C】 2.【A】3.【B】 4. 【D】 5. 【C】 6. 【C】 7.【D】 8.【A】 9. 【A】 10【B】 11【A】 12【C】 13【B】 14【D】 15【C】 16【A】 17【B】 18【C】19. 【D】 20.【D】

  Ⅳ. Read the following four passages and answer the questions after each passage. (20%, 2 points for each question)

  Passage one

  【B】

  【B】

  【C】

  Passage 2

  【D】

  【C】

  【A】

  【D】

  【D】

  【C】

  【D】

  Passage Three

  13. 【A】

  14.【C】

  15.【C】

  16 【D】

  17 【D】

  Ⅴ.Translation

  1. Two Chinese-English Translation (30 points)

  Translate the following passages into Chinese. Give the number of each passage in your answer sheet。

  Passage 1  

  【参考译文】 

  我们的时代越来越视像化。视像化时代颇受人们关注,然而听觉方面的变化却相对被忽视。视像占据着强势地位。让任何一个小孩对上个世纪做一个总结,他的脑海中都会立刻浮现出爱因斯坦的发型、希特勒的胡子、蘑菇云和登月。虽然,我们无法否认一个事实:这些画面中的每一时刻都和听觉相关——从广岛的原子弹爆炸声到斐济人断断续续的狂吼,再到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的“人类的一大步”。

  Passage 2

  【参考译文】 

  与此同时,溢满金黄和绯红的酒杯,满上又空了,空了再满上。渐渐地,灵魂赖以安身的胸椎处,有什么东西点燃了,不是我们称之为才华的那种微细的电光,它只能在我们的口舌间吞吐,而是一种更为深刻、微妙的潜在,是心智交流激发的灼热火焰。不必太急切。不必太张扬。无须装腔作势,自由自在就好。

  2. Translate the following passages into English。

  【参考译文】

  People from Peiping often wonder why Shanghailanders should choose to live in such a lousy place. They say life here is so full of tension, the air so foul, and trees so scarce, and so on and so forth. I wonder if the apparent loss of moonlight might as well be listed among their reasons for staying away from this city. But I would think otherwise, for it doesn’t make sense to call enjoyment of moonlight one of the requisites of life. Open heart and wide vision do not necessarily come of watching the moon. The same can be achieved in self-cultivation, and that in a more practical way, by looking earthward instead of skyward. Nevertheless, I’m not opposed to watching the moon. I only mean it doesn’t matter at all if you see no moon。

  Ⅵ.Writing

  【参考范文】

  Language, Literature and Life

  No one in the world is luckier than I am, for I am a student of English language and literature. With this privilege, I am able to enjoy the beauty of language, wander in the world of literature, and have a deep understanding of life. The great influence they have exerted on me, in turn, helps me get a close and clear comprehension about the relationship among them。

  First things first, I can not imagine what the human life would be without language. It is a design figure which distinguishes men from animals, promoting the development of human history and creating the modern civilization. Suppose we went back to the prehistoric age, in which no language was available, the basic communication would become a big problem, let alone talking about the creation of literature or the record of human history. Life, in this period, is just to survive or repeat the simple life circle, which is meaningless and have no difference from that of other creatures. In this sense, no language , no life, no civilization。

  Secondly, just as language has left significant influence on the human history, so do the literature. Bible, Shakespeare and works of Greek and Roman, the three sources of language, have greatly enriched our language, enlightened our mind and dramatically changed our life. The Adam’s apple, Pandora’s box and tit for tat, the language in Bible; the famous characters Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Julia in Shakespeare’s masterpieces ; the legend of Helen and Achilles Heel in Greek’s works , all of them are familiar to us as the pulsation in our blood. Therefore, if there were no literature, our language would have been much poorer and our life more colorless and boring。

  Also, life has provided fertile soil for the language and literature. On one hand, with the advance of society, new terms and idioms have entered our language, such as computer, avian flu, terrorist, long time no see, as rich as Bill Gates, SAS, HINI . By absorbing everything new, language can always be able to keep its pace with the time. On the other hand, life is an exhaustible magic box for literature creation. Fiction, poem, essay, prose or drama, all can be viewed as a recreation of real life in this way or another. Just as an American writer put it:“All literature is a kind of reflection of life , a mirror of life。”How can one deny that the purely invented man, Hamlet, is not as vivid as Napoleon or Barack Obama. Once language and literature have lost its ability to accept new things in life, they would have become a pool of still water. Only constant moving can keep their freshness and vitality。

  It is never too exaggerate to emphasis the close connections among the three. The benefit of language and literature to life is what necessary nutrition is to human beings. Life, in return, contributes a lot to prepare rich and colorful materials for language and literature. As for me, by learning language and literature, I have learnt much more of the logic of life and enjoy my life in the process of appreciating beauty。

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