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1998 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary
Part A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]
and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a
pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.
[A] from
[B] after
[C] for
[D] since
The sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since
1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D].
1. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ________ the last
bus.
[A] to have caught
[B] to catch
[C] catching
[D] having caught
2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ________ so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up
[B] did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up
[D] needn’t have dressed up
3. I apologize if I ________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.
[A] offend
[B] had offended
[C] should have offended
[D] might have offended
。 2
4. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ________ what to do and what not to do.
[A] to be told
[B] having been told
[C] being told
[D] to have been told
5. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food
shortage ________ avoided.
[A] is to be
[B] can be
[C] will be
[D] has been
6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is
especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.
[A] before
[B] as
[C] since
[D] when
7. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a
professional to be re-educated no matter ________ he does.
[A] how
[B] where
[C] what
[D] when
8. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ________ twenty
years ago.
[A] about
[B] since
[C] till
[D] with
9. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ________
insufficiently popular with all members.
[A] being considered
[B] considering
[C] to be considered
。 3
[D] having considered
10. ________ for the timely investment from the general public, our company
would not be so thriving as it is.
[A] Had it not been
[B] Were it not
[C] Be it not
[D] Should it not be
Part B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and
[D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on
ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a
pencil. (5 points)
Example:
A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition
which [C] they saw [D] many new products.
Part [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were
taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products.” So you
should choose [C].
11. According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ [A] ability for
surviving [B] are [C] naturally selected and passed on to succeeding [D]
generations.
12. Neither rain nor snow keeps [A] the postman from delivering our letters which
[B] we so much [C] look forward to receive [D].
13. If they will not accept [A] a check, we shall have [B] to pay the cash [C],
though it would be [D] much trouble for both sides.
14. Having been [A] robbed off [B] economic importance, those states are not [C]
likely to count for very much [D] in international political terms.
15. The message will be [A] that [B] neither the market nor the government is
capable of dealing with all of their [C] uncontrollable practices [D].
16. The logic of scientific development is such [A] that separates [B] groups of
men working on [C] the same problem in far-scattered [D] laboratories are
likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.
。 4
17. Yet not all of these races are intellectual inferior to [A] the European races, and
[B] some may even have a [C] freshness and vitality that can renew the energies
[D] of more advanced races.
18. The [A] more than 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of various nations
today are more than [B] ample destroying [C] every city in the world several
times over [D].
19. The universe works in a way so far remove [A] from what common sense
would [B] allow that [C] words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to
explain it [D].
20. The integration of independent states could best be [A] brought about by first
[B] creating a central organization with authorities [C] over technical [D]
economic tasks.
Part C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]
and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a
pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.
[A] vanished
[B] scattered
[C] abandoned
[D] rejected
The sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the
woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose [C].
21. The machine needs a complete ________ since it has been in use for over ten
years.
[A] amending
[B] fitting
[C] mending
[D] renovating
22. There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I
only caught a ________ of him.
。 5
[A] glance
[B] glimpse
[C] look
[D] sight
23. I don’t think it’s wise of you to ________ your greater knowledge in front of
the director, for it may offend him.
[A] show up
[B] show out
[C] show in
[D] show off
24. The returns in the short ________ may be small, but over a number of years the
investment will be well repaid.
[A] interval
[B] range
[C] span
[D] term
25. A thorough study of biology requires ________ with the properties of trees and
plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.
[A] acquisition
[B] discrimination
[C] curiosity
[D] familiarity
26. She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would ________
her long effort.
[A] justify
[B] testify
[C] rectify
[D] verify
27. I’m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to ________ my
debt in return for certain services.
[A] take away
[B] cut out
[C] write off
[D] clear up
。 6
28. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a
great ________.
[A] explosion
[B] sensation
[C] exaggeration
[D] stimulation
29. According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post
________ no responsibility with it at all?
[A] shoulders
[B] possesses
[C] carries
[D] shares
30. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his ________ to a certain
book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.
[A] comment
[B] reaction
[C] impression
[D] comprehension
31. Please ________ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the
law forbids them.
[A] restrain
[B] hinder
[C] restrict
[D] prohibit
32. Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of ________
every business operation in the whole country.
[A] practically
[B] preferably
[C] precisely
[D] presumably
33. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, ________ the
$160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.
[A] in proportion to
[B] in reply to
[C] in relation to
[D] in contrast to
34. He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will ________ at the end of
this month.
[A] expire
[B] exceed
[C] terminate
[D] cease
35. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read ________ letters
from their families.
[A] sentimental
[B] affectionate
[C] intimate
[D] sensitive
36. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ________, or at
least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.
[A] revolt
[B] revolve
[C] reverse
[D] revive
37. I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite
________.
[A] arbitrary
[B] rational
[C] mechanical
[D] unpredictable
38. The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no
longer ________ according to the weather.
[A] altered
[B] converted
[C] fluctuated
[D] modified
39. The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not ________
。 8
their prospect of promotion.
[A] spur
[B] further
[C] induce
[D] reinforce
40. In what ________ to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that
emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.
[A] applies
[B] accounts
[C] attaches
[D] amounts
Section II: Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked
[A], [B], [C], [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET
1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution.
They __41__ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of
living for the __42__ man. But they insisted that its __43__ results during the period
from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the __44__ of the
English population. __45__ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from
1650 to 1750, when England was still a __46__ agricultural country, a period of
great abundance and prosperity.
This view, __47__, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists __48__ history
and economics, have __49__ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was
__50__ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may
have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
41. [A] admitted
[B] believed
[C] claimed
[D] predicted
42. [A] plain
[B] average
[C] mean
[D] normal
。 9
43. [A] momentary
[B] prompt
[C] instant
[D] immediate
44. [A] bulk
[B] host
[C] gross
[D] magnitude
45. [A] On
[B] With
[C] For
[D] By
46. [A] broadly
[B] thoroughly
[C] generally
[D] completely
47. [A] however
[B] meanwhile
[C] therefore
[D] moreover
48. [A] at
[B] in
[C] about
[D] for
49. [A] manifested
[B] approved
[C] shown
[D] speculated
50. [A] noted
[B] impressed
[C] labeled
。 10
[D] marked
Section III: Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there
are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and
choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)
Text 1
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.
Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that
makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be
fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do
more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn’t help that
building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and
people striving to assert themselves. Egypt’s leadership in the Arab world was
cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey’s bid for First World status includes the
giant Ataturk Dam.
But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example,
stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in
return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely
generates electricity.
And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of
civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops
in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have
all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from
the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.
Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more
wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors
say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction.
The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.
Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of
controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood
control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are
dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the
world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don’t need a dam to be saved.
51. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that ________.
[A] people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
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